scholarly journals Windowed Multiscale Synchrony: Modeling Time-Varying and Scale-Localized Interpersonal Coordination Dynamics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron D Likens ◽  
Travis J Wiltshire
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Phase Synchronization ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Relative Strength ◽  
Coordination Dynamics ◽  
Interpersonal Coordination ◽  
Empirical Observation ◽  
Social Settings ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Social interactions are pervasive in human life with varying forms of interpersonal coordination emerging and spanning different modalities (e.g., behaviors, speech/language, and neurophysiology). However, during social interactions, as in any dynamical system, patterns of coordination form and dissipate at different scales. Historically, researchers have used aggregate measures to capture coordination over time. While those measures (e.g., mean relative phase, cross-correlation, coherence) have provided a wealth of information about coordination in social settings, some evidence suggests that multiscale coordination may change over the time course of a typical empirical observation. To address this gap, we demonstrate an underutilized method, windowed multiscale synchrony, that moves beyond quantifying aggregate measures of coordination by focusing on how the relative strength of coordination changes over time and the scales that comprise social interaction. This method involves using a wavelet transform to decompose time series into component frequencies (i.e., scales), preserving temporal information and then quantifying phase synchronization at each of these scales. We apply this method to both simulated and empirical interpersonal physiological and neuromechanical data. We anticipate that demonstrating this method will stimulate new insights on the mechanisms and functions of synchrony in interpersonal contexts using neurophysiological and behavioral measures.

Time course for the formation of a stable social hierarchy in group-housed sows

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 ◽  
pp. 108-108
Author(s):  
D.S. Arey ◽  
W.G. Jamieson
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Competition For Resources ◽  
Over Time

The mixing of unfamiliar sows usually results in fighting which determines relative social rank. In some situations aggression can be perpetuated and subordinate animals can suffer as a result of competition for resources such as feed and space. Although Moore et al (1993) suggested that newly introduced group members become fully integrated after 21 days there have been few studies which have examined the development of social interactions over the longer term. The aim of the experiment was to determine how social behaviour changed over time and the affects that this may have on the welfare of group-housed sows.

INEVITABILITY OF REVIVAL: PRO AND COUNTER ANTINATALISM

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-88
Author(s):  
Nikolay S. Savkin
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Arthur Schopenhauer ◽  
Expected Effect ◽  
Philosophy Of Life ◽  
Active Subject ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Natural Way

Introduction. Radical pessimism and militant anti-natalism of Arthur Schopenhauer and David Benathar create an optimistic philosophy of life, according to which life is not meaningless. It is given by nature in a natural way, and a person lives, studies, works, makes a career, achieves results, grows, develops. Being an active subject of his own social relations, a person does not refuse to continue the race, no matter what difficulties, misfortunes and sufferings would be experienced. Benathar convinces that all life is continuous suffering, and existence is constant dying. Therefore, it is better not to be born. Materials and Methods. As the main theoretical and methodological direction of research, the dialectical materialist and integrative approaches are used, the realization of which, in conjunction with the synergetic technique, provides a certain result: is convinced that the idea of anti-natalism is inadequate, the idea of giving up life. A systematic approach and a comprehensive assessment of the studied processes provide for the disclosure of the contradictory nature of anti-natalism. Results of the study are presented in the form of conclusions that human life is naturally given by nature itself. Instincts, needs, interests embodied in a person, stimulate to active actions, and he lives. But even if we finish off with all of humanity by agreement, then over time, according to the laws of nature and according to evolutionary theory, man will inevitably, objectively, and naturally reappear. Discussion and Conclusion. The expected effect of the idea of inevitability of rebirth can be the formation of an optimistic orientation of a significant part of the youth, the idea of continuing life and building happiness, development. As a social being, man is universal, and the awareness of this universality allows one to understand one’s purpose – continuous versatile development.

scholarly journals Relationship between Social Skills and Happiness: Differences by Gender

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7929
Author(s):  
Carlos Salavera ◽  
Pablo Usán
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Social Skills ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
Subjective Happiness ◽  
School Students ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Subjective Happiness Scale ◽  
Social Settings ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines the relationship between social skills and happiness in 1st-year Teaching School students, as well as possible gender differences. The sample comprised 243 Teaching School students (Primary Education) in Zaragoza, including 110 men (45.27%) and 133 women (54.73%), aged 18–25 (average age 20.23 years; s.d. = 1.586). In order to analyse the relationship between social skills and subjective happiness, the Scale of Social Skills and Subjective Happiness Scale were used. While men scored higher in all social skills-related factors, women scored higher in all factors related to happiness. The study shows that factors such as self-expression in social settings and the ability to say no and cut off social interactions have a direct and significant effect on happiness among men, while self-expression in social settings and the ability to express anger led to a higher perception of happiness among women. Similarly, situations such as asking for and defending rights have an indirect and significant effect in men, reducing their levels of happiness. In the case of women, no social skills factors were found that led to lower happiness. It may be concluded that significant gender differences exist, although broader and lateral studies are needed in order to examine the relationship between gender identities, social skills and subjective happiness more in depth, and thus, understand the effect of these constructs in the development of personality.

Neighbourhood places, collective efficacy and crime: A longitudinal perspective

Urban Studies ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 004209802110088
Author(s):  
Renee Zahnow ◽  
Jonathan Corcoran ◽  
Anthony Kimpton ◽  
Rebecca Wickes
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Land Use Classification ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Panel Models ◽  
Over Time

Neighbourhood places like shops, cafes and parks support a variety of social interactions ranging from the ephemeral to the intimate. Repeated interactions at neighbourhood places over time lay the foundation for the development of social cohesion and collective efficacy. In this study, we examine the proposition that changes in the presence or arrangement of neighbourhood places can destabilise social cohesion and collective efficacy, which has implications for crime. Using spatially integrated crime, social survey and parcel-level land-use classification data, we estimate mixed effects panel models predicting changes in theft and nuisance crimes across 147 Australian neighbourhoods. The findings are consistent with neighbourhood social control and crime opportunity theories. Neighbourhood development – indicated by fewer vacant properties and fewer industrial and agricultural sites – is associated with higher collective efficacy and less crime over time. Conversely, introducing more restaurants, transit stations and cinemas is associated with higher theft and nuisance over time regardless of neighbourhood collective efficacy. We argue that the addition of socially conducive places can leave neighbourhoods vulnerable to crime until new patterns of sociability emerge and collective efficacy develops.

scholarly journals Jonckheere–Terpstra–Kendall-based non-parametric analysis of temporal differential gene expression

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitoshi Iuchi ◽  
Michiaki Hamada
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Non Parametric

Abstract Time-course experiments using parallel sequencers have the potential to uncover gradual changes in cells over time that cannot be observed in a two-point comparison. An essential step in time-series data analysis is the identification of temporal differentially expressed genes (TEGs) under two conditions (e.g. control versus case). Model-based approaches, which are typical TEG detection methods, often set one parameter (e.g. degree or degree of freedom) for one dataset. This approach risks modeling of linearly increasing genes with higher-order functions, or fitting of cyclic gene expression with linear functions, thereby leading to false positives/negatives. Here, we present a Jonckheere–Terpstra–Kendall (JTK)-based non-parametric algorithm for TEG detection. Benchmarks, using simulation data, show that the JTK-based approach outperforms existing methods, especially in long time-series experiments. Additionally, application of JTK in the analysis of time-series RNA-seq data from seven tissue types, across developmental stages in mouse and rat, suggested that the wave pattern contributes to the TEG identification of JTK, not the difference in expression levels. This result suggests that JTK is a suitable algorithm when focusing on expression patterns over time rather than expression levels, such as comparisons between different species. These results show that JTK is an excellent candidate for TEG detection.

Decomposition of Growth Curves into Growth Rate and Acceleration: a Novel Procedure to Monitor Bacterial Growth and the Time-Dependent Effect of Antimicrobials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Luisa Navarro-Pérez ◽  
M. Coronada Fernández-Calderón ◽  
Virginia Vadillo-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Numerical Procedure ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Predictive Microbiology ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Over Time

In this paper, a simple numerical procedure is presented to monitor the growth of Streptococcus sanguinis over time in the absence and presence of propolis, a natural antimicrobial. In particular, it is shown that the real-time decomposition of growth curves obtained through optical density measurements into growth rate and acceleration can be a powerful tool to precisely assess a large range of key parameters [ i.e. lag time ( t 0 ), starting growth rate ( γ 0 ), initial acceleration of the growth ( a 0 ), maximum growth rate ( γ max ), maximum acceleration ( a max ) and deceleration ( a min ) of the growth and the total number of cells at the beginning of the saturation phase ( N s )] that can be readily used to fully describe growth over time. Consequently, the procedure presented provides precise data of the time course of the different growth phases and features, which is expected to be relevant, for instance, to thoroughly evaluate the effect of new antimicrobial agents. It further provides insight into predictive microbiology, likely having important implications to assumptions adopted in mathematical models to predict the progress of bacterial growth. Importance: The new and simple numerical procedure presented in this paper to analyze bacterial growth will possibly allow identifying true differences in efficacy among antimicrobial drugs for their applications in human health, food security, and environment, among others. It further provides insight into predictive microbiology, likely helping in the development of proper mathematical models to predict the course of bacterial growth under diverse circumstances.

Sleep Disorder Over Time: Psychiatric Correlates Among Males

1980 ◽  
Vol 136 (5) ◽  
pp. 456-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hervey Sweetwood ◽  
Igor Grant ◽  
Daniel F. Kripke ◽  
Marvin S. Gerst ◽  
Joel Yager
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Sleep Disorder ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Psychiatric Symptomatology ◽  
Over Time

SummaryThis 18 month prospective study assessed the time course of sleep disturbances in 85 male psychiatric out-patients and 103 male non-patients. Over one-third of the patients and 5 per cent of the non-patients reported frequent symptoms of insomnia during at least 14 of the 18 months. Frequency and chronicity of insomnia were strongly associated with intensity of psychiatric symptomatology, but not with diagnosis. Minor tranquillizers and hypnotics were used frequently by patients and occasionally by non-patients, but there was little indication that they altered the course of insomnia.

Effect of Social Settings on Proxemics During Social Interactions in Real and Virtual Conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-19
Author(s):  
Tristan Duverné ◽  
Théo Rougnant ◽  
François Le Yondre ◽  
Florian Berton ◽  
Julien Bruneau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Settings

scholarly journals Predicting context specific enhancer-promoter interactions from ChIP-Seq time course data

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Dzida ◽  
Mudassar Iqbal ◽  
Iryna Charapitsa ◽  
George Reid ◽  
Henk Stunnenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor Alpha ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Mcf7 Cells ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
Protein Occupancy ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Over Time

We have developed a machine learning approach to predict context specific enhancer-promoter interactions using evidence from changes in genomic protein occupancy over time. The occupancy of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), RNA polymerase (Pol II) and histone marks H2AZ and H3K4me3 were measured over time using ChIP-Seq experiments in MCF7 cells stimulated with estrogen. A Bayesian classifier was developed which uses the correlation of temporal binding patterns at enhancers and promoters and genomic proximity as features to predict interactions. This method was trained using experimentally determined interactions from the same system and was shown to achieve much higher precision than predictions based on the genomic proximity of nearest ERα binding. We use the method to identify a genome-wide confident set of ERα target genes and their regulatory enhancers genome-wide. Validation with publicly available GRO-Seq data demonstrates that our predicted targets are much more likely to show early nascent transcription than predictions based on genomic ERα binding proximity alone.

Caregiving in quarantine: Humor styles, reframing, and psychological well-being among parents of children with disabilities

2021 ◽  
pp. 026540752110435
Author(s):  
Heidi L. Fritz
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Children With Disabilities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Family Satisfaction ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Humor Styles ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Over Time

Prior research links adaptive humor styles (affiliative and self-enhancing) with enhanced psychological well-being and maladaptive humor styles (aggressive and self-defeating) with worse psychological well-being, primarily through humor styles’ influence on individuals’ social interactions and efforts to positively reframe stressors. The present study examined the unique relation of each humor style with psychological well-being with a focus on understanding mechanisms of adjustment under highly stressful conditions. Ninety-nine parents of children with disabilities were surveyed at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States in March 2020, and 79 parents completed follow-up surveys in July 2020. As predicted, at T1, self-enhancing humor was associated with less psychological distress and greater family satisfaction, self-defeating humor was associated with greater distress, and aggressive humor was associated with lower family satisfaction. Moreover, affiliative humor predicted decreased psychological distress over time, whereas self-defeating humor predicted increased psychological distress and decreased family satisfaction over time. Relations were largely mediated by caregiver positive reappraisal, family efforts to reframe daily disability-related challenges, and negative social interactions. Future research should further examine the influence of caregiver humor styles on family dynamics, family reframing norms, and caregiving efficacy.

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