scholarly journals Unconstrained Capital? Multinational companies, structural power, and collective goods provision in dual VET

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Franz Unterweger
Keyword(s):  
Capital Mobility ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Multinational Companies ◽  
Structural Power ◽  
Skill Formation ◽  
Institutional Conditions ◽  
Coordinated Market Economies ◽  
Collective Goods ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
The Face

Abstract Collective goods provision, most prominent in coordinated market economies, depends on certain institutional conditions that constrain employer behavior and trigger cooperation. Increased capital mobility, characterized by new exit opportunities for business and an influx of multinational companies not anchored in their new home-countries’ institutional environment, loosens those ‘beneficial constraints’. I argue that these challenges do not lead to convergence between globalized locations as the structural power of business depends on the type of firms attracted by local institutional comparative advantages. Comparing collective skill formation in two heavily globalized cantons of Switzerland, I show that a region fundamentally relying on low-tax policies sees its hands increasingly tied in the face of globalization. It must accordingly reshape collective goods provision around policies favored by business. In contrast, a location with more diverse comparative advantages is able to implement more compelling policy elements that punish uncooperative firms.

scholarly journals Institutional Quality and Sustainable Development of Industries’ Exports: Evidence from China

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feifei Wu ◽  
Xinyu Yan
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Institutional Quality ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Continuous Release ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Evidence

The knowledge about the relations between domestic institutional quality and the sustainable development of exports in emerging markets remains limited, since most research into the relations between the institutional environment and the sustainable development of exports has been conducted in developed market economies, especially in those of North America and Europe. With dynamic changes in the institutional environment of emerging countries over the years, this paper provides a novel perspective for investigating the relations above. This is the first paper to investigate the impact of institutional quality on the sustainable development of industries’ exports in emerging countries from a comprehensive perspective of multiple institutional environments and multi-dimensional industries’ heterogeneity. On the basis of defining institutional quality and industry heterogeneity, this paper explores the underlying mechanisms of institutional quality affecting sustainable development of industries’ exports and conducts empirical analyses by using the data from China’s 20 industries’ exports to 117 countries for the period of 1996–2011. The results show that: (a) Industries with higher degrees of financial dependence or higher product technical complexities have export comparative advantages in better financial environments; (b) Industries with higher research and development (R&D) intensity or a higher concentration of intermediate inputs have export comparative advantages in better legal environments; (c) The differences in the level of financial development or in the efficiency of legal system would influence the effects of interactions between institutional quality and industry heterogeneity on the sustainable development of industries’ exports. The present paper provides new evidence that institutional quality does promote the sustainable development of industries’ exports in emerging countries. These results indicate that exports of heterogeneous industries in emerging economies are an adaptive response to the specific institutional environment, as well as a continuous release of institutional dividends with the improvement of the institutional environment.

The Governance of Global Banking in the Face of Complexity

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-204
Author(s):  
Matteo Ortino
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Banking Regulation ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
The Public ◽  
Global Banking ◽  
The Face ◽  
Institutional Dimension ◽  
Regulatory Powers ◽  
The Military

ABSTRACT The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and the composite wider legal and institutional environment to which it is part provide a useful case study to illustrate how complexity is addressed in the public policy realm. As its central proposition, this article argues that it is possible to identify a specific pattern and logic underlying the governance of global banking today. The pattern concerns the institutional dimension of global banking regulation, particularly with respect to the distribution of regulatory powers among the various actors involved, and the legal relationships between these actors. The overall pattern seems to follow a certain logic, which will be explored and explained borrowing the military distinction between strategy, operations, and tactics.

‘I don’t get lucky, I make my own luck’: Masculinities and male bodies in the neo-liberal office space of Suits

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-141
Author(s):  
Amanda Sarah Chin
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
The Self ◽  
Structural Power ◽  
The Third ◽  
Male Characters ◽  
Office Space ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Face ◽  
A Site

Suits’ evocation of masculinity within the neo-liberal office as a site of gender configuration is plural. Although its male protagonists all possess structural power as white, heterosexual, intelligent men (two are wealthy, and eventually the third comes to be), they each reflect varied and occasionally contrasting forms of masculinity. The article explores how, over the seasons, Suits progresses from breadth to depth, with its male characters threading their way through different types of masculine behaviours in order to succeed. In the face of recurrent challenges, their masculinities must be reconfigured. The article examines the manner in which the self becomes a locus of accountability to situate one’s problem-solving ability and subsequent empowerment through performing multiple masculinities.

scholarly journals The impact of the institutional environment on the development of the rural economy in the Belgorod region of Russia

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Andrei Dorofeev ◽  
Sergei Sazonov ◽  
Wim Heijman
Keyword(s):  
Rural Economy ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Institutional Conditions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Commodity Money ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Means Of Production

Abstract This article deals with the problems in the development of agriculture in Russia caused by an imperfect institutional environment. The characteristics of institutional conditions and their influence on the development of agriculture is discussed. The main institutional changes which have taken place in Russia over the past 20 years are described, including the ownership of the means of production, commodity-money relations, access to and distribution of profits and competition. The main body of the article presents an analysis of the development of agriculture in the Belgorod region in relation to the status of the institutional environment.

scholarly journals Low- and High-Skills Equilibria in Central and Eastern Europe: What Role for the Government?

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana Tarlea
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Multinational Companies ◽  
Added Value ◽  
New Democracies ◽  
Skill Formation ◽  
The Government

What determines the incentives of governments and businesses to invest in skills needed for higher value-added activities? While many factors matter, this article focuses on the motivations and the role of political parties in government. A policy analysis in Poland and Romania between 1989 and 2015, shows how governments can determine a change in the supply of skills even in relatively new democracies. We tackle the variation in the supply of sophisticated skills in the two countries and find that, unlike governments dominated by national-conservative parties, governments dominated by liberal parties have strategically steered the supply of skills in the economy. They have simultaneously identified and incentivized three key actors to invest in higher added value activities: (1) They have steered their higher education institutions towards offering degrees conducive to research and development; (2) they have incentivized students through scholarships or through secure employment by fostering links with enterprises; and (3) they have bargained with multinational companies to attract sophisticated activities. The article suggests that political parties should figure more prominently in political economy scholarship focusing on CEE. Moreover, this work speaks to a broader debate about the role of political parties in skill formation and in institutional change more generally.

scholarly journals How do meta-organizations affect extra-organizational boundaries? The case of university associations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Brankovic
Keyword(s):  
International Institutions ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Organizational Characteristics ◽  
Scholarly Work ◽  
Organizational Boundaries ◽  
Institutional Conditions ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Diffusion Pattern ◽  
International University ◽  
University Expansion

How do organizational associations affect extra-organizational boundaries? This chapter addresses this question by looking into the long-established practice among universities to form associations. In order to examine how associations delineate boundaries in universities’ institutional environment, the chapter draws on the scholarly work on categories and conceptualizes associations as meta-organizations. The chapter finds that category-based identities, and other organizational characteristics, enacted to demarcate members from non-members play a central role in this process. In following these lines of demarcation on a sample of 185 national and international university associations a typology emerges, accompanied by a global diffusion pattern. Three sets of institutional conditions are then identified as being conducive to this process: (1) the twentieth-century university expansion and the consolidation of national higher education fields, (2) the intensification of cross-border interaction and the advent of international institutions, and (3) the formation of a global field and the rise of competition as an ideological imperative.

scholarly journals Formation of institutional environment in the ecological sphere (by the example of BAT implementation)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-165
Author(s):  
Olga P. Burmatova
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Environmental Legislation ◽  
Management Mechanism ◽  
Best Available Technologies ◽  
Institutional Conditions ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
Institutional Aspects

The article analyses institutional aspects of the formation of environmental policy in Russia. It shows a number of inefficient institutional conditions which can hardly contribute to the improvement of modern state environmental policy. Special attention is paid to the development and application of environmental legislation largely determining the state of the institutional environment as a whole, which affects the formation and effectiveness of various environmental protection management elements. The paper explains the main reasons why the Russian environmental legislation is weak, and proposes possible directions for its improvement. The proposed recommendations can be used to develop key elements of the environmental management mechanism. By the example of establishing legislative framework for the transition to best available technologies, the article shows possibilities and problems of such a transition in Russia. The advantages and disadvantages of the accepted categorization of the objects according to the degree of their negative impact on the environment with the issuance of integrated environmental permit as one of the main areas of activity in the transition to the best available technologies are analyzed.

scholarly journals EFFICIENCY OF COLLECTIVE ACTIONS OF BEEF CATTLE PRODUCERS IN THE MIDWEST OF BRAZIL

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-63
Author(s):  
Roberta Luiza Gomes Maia ◽  
Silvia Morales de Queiroz Caleman
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Transaction Cost Economics ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Collective Actions ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Collective Goods ◽  
Midwest Region ◽  
Productive Systems ◽  
Interest Organizations

Contrary to common-sense beliefs that beef cattle producers have difficulties in cooperating among themselves, cooperation initiatives can be noticed in Brazil, especially in the Midwest region. Built on a theoretical framework of Collective Actions and Transaction Cost Economics (TCE), this work analyzes the horizontal cooperation pattern of beef cattle producers in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul (MS). We focused on Private Interest Organizations (PIOs) with the purpose of identifying typologies and analyzing beef collective actions efficiency. Case studies with seven PIOs conducted through semi-structured interviews exhibits the efficiency of these organizations regarding the ability to provide collective goods, which vary according to their organizational aspects and typology. Results points out that PIOs were founded to contribute in technology and professionalization, increasing competitiveness and access to new markets, coordinating productive systems, reducing transaction costs among agents, modifying the institutional environment, and, finally, altering the behavior of bovine meat consumers.

scholarly journals Solidarity economy enterprises, social technologies, and institutional environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-53
Author(s):  
Daniel Teotonio do Nascimento ◽  
Fábio Melges ◽  
Elcio Gustavo Benini
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Solidarity Economy ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Social Technologies ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Creation

The present study aimed at analyzing the positioning, contribution, or limitation of the formal Brazilian institutional environment regarding the creation, promotion, and implementation of Solidary Economic Enterprises and Social Technologies. The path used to carry out this research was the triangulation among documentary research, literature review, and former empirical research results. We found that the formal Brazilian institutional environment has not provided the necessary elements for the strengthening of Solidary Economic Enterprises and Social Technologies. It, therefore, constitutes a space that is not very developed in the face of the existence of such organizations.

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