0323 Associations Between Sleep and Activity Patterns in the Mother-Child Dyad

Abstract Introduction Animal studies show links between light-dark patterns in gestating dams and offsprings’ sleep and circadian rhythms. Activity patterns between mothers and infants show synchrony as early as 12 weeks postpartum. Our goal was to investigate maternal sleep/activity patterns at two points in the perinatal period and assess associations with activity in their young children. Methods Participants were 20 mother-child dyads recruited from previous studies. Mothers (age±SD = 31.7±5.5 years, range 21-40 years) wore wrist actigraphs during their 33rd week of pregnancy and 2nd week postpartum. Children (age±SD = 2.13±1.36 years, range 8 months-4.6 years) were assessed for 5 days and nights. Circadian patterns were analyzed using Maximum Entropy Spectral Analysis (MESA) to estimate best-fitting circadian period, tau. We used cosinor analysis to calculate rhythm amplitude, Midline Statistic of Rhythm (MESOR, representing mean activity), and acrophase (time of peak amplitude). We used circadian quotient (CQ; amplitude÷MESOR) to assess rhythm strength while normalizing for intersubject variation in activity levels. Autocorrelation, or degree to which data is consistent for a particular period, was calculated to analyze regularity of activity patterns. Results Mothers’ activity pattern autocorrelation was significantly correlated at the two time points (r=.530, p=.016), such that women with inconsistent activity patterns in pregnancy also demonstrated more irregularity at postpartum week 2. Child CQ correlated with age, with older children showing greater rhythm strength (r=.530, p=0.016). We observed a moderate correlation between mothers’ CQs during pregnancy and children’s CQs (r=.413,p=.07). In mother-child dyads, longer tau in mothers during pregnancy predicted lower autocorrelation of the child’s rhythm to a 24-hr period (r=-.520, p=.019). Finally, later maternal acrophase at postpartum week 2 was associated with longer tau in children (r=.504, p=.024). Conclusion These data show that associations between mother-child sleep/activity patterns may begin during pregnancy and support the notion that mothers’ perinatal sleep patterns could affect the health of both mothers and their children. Support Supported by R34MH104377, K23MH086689, the Seleni Institute, the Depression and Bipolar Disorder Alternative Treatment Foundation, and a Karen T. Romer Undergraduate Teaching and Research Award from Brown University.

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Novel approach to modeling high-frequency activity data to assess therapeutic effects of analgesics in chronic pain conditions

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-87304-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zekun Xu ◽

Eric Laber ◽

Ana-Maria Staicu ◽

B. Duncan X. Lascelles

Keyword(s):

High Frequency ◽

Activity Patterns ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Activity Data ◽

Novel Approach ◽

High Frequency Activity ◽

Using Data ◽

Chronic Pain Conditions

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic condition often associated with pain, affecting approximately fourteen percent of the population, and increasing in prevalence. A globally aging population have made treating OA-associated pain as well as maintaining mobility and activity a public health priority. OA affects all mammals, and the use of spontaneous animal models is one promising approach for improving translational pain research and the development of effective treatment strategies. Accelerometers are a common tool for collecting high-frequency activity data on animals to study the effects of treatment on pain related activity patterns. There has recently been increasing interest in their use to understand treatment effects in human pain conditions. However, activity patterns vary widely across subjects; furthermore, the effects of treatment may manifest in higher or lower activity counts or in subtler ways like changes in the frequency of certain types of activities. We use a zero inflated Poisson hidden semi-Markov model to characterize activity patterns and subsequently derive estimators of the treatment effect in terms of changes in activity levels or frequency of activity type. We demonstrate the application of our model, and its advance over traditional analysis methods, using data from a naturally occurring feline OA-associated pain model.

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Pedestrian Activity Among California Adults

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.6.1.15 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 15-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Anna E. Mathews ◽

Natalie Colabianchi ◽

Brent Hutto ◽

Delores M. Pluto ◽

Steve P. Hooker

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Activity Patterns ◽

Physical Activity Promotion ◽

Activity Level ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Public Health Agencies ◽

Activity Promotion ◽

Health Agencies ◽

Random Digit Dial

Background:The objectives of this study were to assess (1) pedestrian activity levels among adults, (2) where and why adults engage in pedestrian activity, and (3) what adults consider when deciding where to engage in pedestrian activity.Methods:Pedestrian activity was assessed in 12,036 California adults, ≥18 years, using a random digit-dial telephone survey.Results:Significant differences were identified by race, sex, age, and physical activity level in the type, location, and purpose of pedestrian activities. Men engage in pedestrian activity at work, and women engage in pedestrian activity while escorting children to school and running errands. Whites primarily engage in leisure-time pedestrian activity, and non-whites are more likely to engage in pedestrian activity for transportation. Older adults were less active than their younger counterparts.Conclusions:These findings should be considered by public health agencies and their partners as they continue to increase and promote opportunities for pedestrian activity. Additional research is needed to assess older adults’ physical activity patterns and preferences, barriers, and facilitators to effectively tailor physical activity promotion efforts to this at-risk group.

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The Intricacies of Children’s Physical Activity

Journal of Human Kinetics ◽

10.1515/hukin-2015-0082 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 269-275 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Timothy A Brusseau

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Physical Education ◽

Activity Patterns ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Physical Activity Patterns ◽

Change Behavior ◽

Before And After ◽

School Recess ◽

Physical Activity Programming ◽

Children’S Physical Activity

AbstractUnderstanding the physical activity patterns of youth is an essential step in preparing programming and interventions needed to change behavior. To date, little is known about the intricacies of youth physical activity across various physical activity segments (i.e. in school, out of school, recess, classroom physical activity, physical education, weekends, etc.). Therefore, the purpose of the study was to examine the physical activity patterns of elementary school children across various segments and during two seasons. A total of 287 fourth and fifth graders from the Southwest US wore the Yamax Digiwalker SW-200 pedometer for 7 consecutive days during the Fall and Spring seasons. Children were prompted to record their step counts when arriving and leaving school, before and after physical education and recess, as well as on the weekends. Means and standard deviations were calculated and ANOVAs and t tests were utilized to examine difference by sex, season, and segment. Youth were more active outside of school and on weekdays (p<0.05). Boys were generally more active than girls and all youth were more active during the milder Spring season. There is a clear need for Comprehensive School Physical Activity Programming and weekend physical activity opportunities. Furthermore, greater emphasis is needed on PE and across other activity segments for girls to increase their physical activity levels.

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Perinatal hyperoxia for 14 days increases nerve conduction time and the acute unitary response to hypoxia of rat carotid body chemoreceptors

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.01009.2004 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 99 (1) ◽

pp. 114-119 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

David F. Donnelly ◽

Insook Kim ◽

Claire Carle ◽

John L. Carroll

Keyword(s):

Functional Impairment ◽

Nerve Conduction ◽

Single Unit ◽

Acute Hypoxia ◽

Adult Life ◽

Perinatal Period ◽

Postnatal Period ◽

Conduction Time ◽

Activity Levels

Hyperoxia in the immediate perinatal period, but not in adult life, is associated with a life-long impairment of the ventilatory response to acute hypoxia. This effect is attributed to a functional impairment of peripheral chemoreceptors, including a reduction in the number of chemoreceptor afferent fibers and a reduction in “whole nerve” afferent activity. The purpose of the present study was to assess the activity levels of single chemoreceptor units in the immediate posthyperoxic period to determine whether functional impairment extended to single chemoreceptor units and whether the impairment was only induced by hyperoxia exposure in the immediate postnatal period. Two groups of rat pups were exposed to 60% inspired O2 fraction for 2 wk at ages 0–14 days and 14–28 days, at which time single-unit activities were isolated and recorded in vitro. Compared with control pups, hyperoxia-treated pups had a 10-fold reduction in baseline (normoxia) spiking activity. Peak unit responses to 12, 5, and 0% O2 were reduced and nerve conduction time was significantly slower in both hyperoxia-treated groups compared with control groups. We conclude that 1) hyperoxia greatly reduces single-unit chemoreceptor activities during normoxia and acute hypoxia, 2) the treatment effect is not limited to the immediate newborn period, and 3) at least part of the impairment may be due to changes in the afferent axonal excitability.

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Youth Physical Activity Patterns During School and Out-of-School Time

Children ◽

10.3390/children5090118 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (9) ◽

pp. 118 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Pedro Saint-Maurice ◽

Yang Bai ◽

Spyridoula Vazou ◽

Gregory Welk

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

High School Students ◽

Discrete Time ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Activity Patterns ◽

After School ◽

Activity Levels ◽

School Students ◽

Time Periods ◽

Out Of School

This study describes age, sex, and season patterns in children’s physical activity behaviors during discrete time periods, both in school and at home. Participants were 135 elementary, 67 middle, and 89 high-school students (128 boys and 163 girls) involved in a larger school activity monitoring project. We examined time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) at recess, physical education (PE), lunch, commuting to/from school, before-school, after-school, evening, and weekend segments. Differences in MVPA by age, sex, and season were examined using a three-way analysis of variance and separately for each individual segment. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels varied by context and were higher during recess (15.4 ± 8.5 min) while at school, and on Saturdays (97.4 ± 89.5 min) when youth were out-of-school. Elementary children were more active than their older counterparts only during lunch time, after-school, and Sunday (p < 0.05). Boys were consistently more active than girls at all segments. Participants were only more active during non-winter than winter months during PE (p = 0.006), after-school (p < 0.001), and Sunday (p = 0.008) segments. These findings showed that activity levels in youth vary during the day and season. The segments reflect discrete time periods that can potentially be targeted and evaluated to promote physical activity in this population.

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Activity patterns in relation to body mass and ambient temperature among overwintering cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus)

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z97-241 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 76 (4) ◽

pp. 668-672 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Maria A Eifler ◽

Norman A Slade

Keyword(s):

Specific Activity ◽

Activity Patterns ◽

General Linear Model ◽

Time Of Day ◽

Sigmodon Hispidus ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Class Time ◽

Time Class ◽

Cotton Rats ◽

Probability Of Capture

We examined mass-specific activity patterns among overwintering cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) in northeastern Kansas. We livetrapped animals for a 24-h period, checking traps every 2 h. Trapping occurred every 2 weeks for 5 months. We estimated probability of capture for each mass class, time class, and date, then tested for differences in probability of capture (i.e., activity levels) using a General Linear Model with temperature as a covariate. Large cotton rats were significantly less active than small and intermediate-sized cotton rats. Activity of small cotton rats increased with decreasing temperature, whereas larger cotton rats were less responsive to temperature. Finally, activity levels of large and small cotton rats did not vary significantly with time of day, but intermediate-sized cotton rats were significantly less likely to be captured during the night than at dusk.

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An Examination of the Activity Patterns of Elementary School Children

Pediatric Exercise Science ◽

10.1123/pes.14.4.432 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 432-441 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Susan D. Vincent ◽

Robert P. Pangrazi

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Activity Patterns ◽

Individual Variability ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Same Sex ◽

Factorial Anova ◽

Step Counts ◽

Meaningful Activity ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Steps Per Day

Research has suggested a trend of decreasing activity with age necessitating a renewed emphasis on promoting physical activity for children. The purpose of this study was to assess current physical activity levels of children and to establish initial standards for comparison in determining appropriate activity levels of children based on pedometer counts. Children, 6–12 years old (N = 711), wore sealed pedometers for 4 consecutive days. Mean step counts ranged from 10,479–11,274 and 12300–13989 for girls and boys respectively. Factorial ANOVA found a significant difference between sex (F = 90.16, p < .01) but not among age (F = 0.78, p = .587). Great individual variability existed among children of the same sex. Further analysis found significant differences among children of the same sex above the 80th percentile and below the 20th percentile. A reasonable activity standard might be approximately 11,000 and 13,000 steps per day for girls and boys respectively, although further discussion of this is warranted. The descriptive nature of this study provides insights into the activity patterns of children and the mean step counts for boys and girls at each age can serve as a preliminary guide for determining meaningful activity levels for children based on pedometer counts.

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Patterns of Acoustical Activity of Bats Prior to and Following White-Nose Syndrome Occurrence

Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management ◽

10.3996/042011-jfwm-027 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 125-134 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

W. Mark Ford ◽

Eric R. Britzke ◽

Christopher A. Dobony ◽

Jane L. Rodrigue ◽

Joshua B. Johnson

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Activity Patterns ◽

Local Population ◽

Late Summer ◽

Time Frame ◽

Myotis Lucifugus ◽

Health Concern ◽

Activity Levels ◽

White Nose Syndrome ◽

Little Brown Bats

Abstract White-nose Syndrome (WNS), a wildlife health concern that has decimated cave-hibernating bat populations in eastern North America since 2006, began affecting source-caves for summer bat populations at Fort Drum, a U.S. Army installation in New York in the winter of 2007–2008. As regional die-offs of bats became evident, and Fort Drum's known populations began showing declines, we examined whether WNS-induced change in abundance patterns and seasonal timing of bat activity could be quantified using acoustical surveys, 2003–2010, at structurally uncluttered riparian–water habitats (i.e., streams, ponds, and wet meadows). As predicted, we observed significant declines in overall summer activity between pre-WNS and post-WNS years for little brown bats Myotis lucifugus, northern bats M. septentrionalis, and Indiana bats M. sodalis. We did not observe any significant change in activity patterns between pre-WNS and post-WNS years for big brown bats Eptesicus fuscus, eastern red bats Lasiurus borealis, or the small number of tri-colored bats Perimyotis subflavus. Activity of silver-haired bats Lasionycteris noctivagans increased from pre-WNS to post-WNS years. Activity levels of hoary bats Lasiurus cinereus significantly declined between pre- and post-WNS years. As a nonhibernating, migratory species, hoary bat declines might be correlated with wind-energy development impacts occurring in the same time frame rather than WNS. Intraseason activity patterns also were affected by WNS, though the results were highly variable among species. Little brown bats showed an overall increase in activity from early to late summer pre-WNS, presumably due to detections of newly volant young added to the local population. However, the opposite occurred post-WNS, indicating that reproduction among surviving little brown bats may be declining. Our data suggest that acoustical monitoring during the summer season can provide insights into species' relative abundance on the landscape as affected by the occurrence of WNS.

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In Vivo Ergogenic Properties of the Bifidobacterium longum OLP-01 Isolated from a Weightlifting Gold Medalist

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11092003 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 2003 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mon-Chien Lee ◽

Yi-Ju Hsu ◽

Hsiao-Li Chuang ◽

Pei-Shan Hsieh ◽

Hsieh-Hsun Ho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grip Strength ◽

Animal Studies ◽

Acute Exercise ◽

Bifidobacterium Longum ◽

Serum Lactate ◽

Intestinal Microbiome ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Gold Medalist

In recent years, probiotics of human origin have shown superior results and performance compared to probiotics from plant or dairy sources, in both in vitro and animal studies. Towards this end, the current study was conducted to explore the ergogenic properties of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum OLP-01 isolated from the intestinal microbiome of the gold medalist from the 2008 Beijing Olympics women’s 48 kg weightlifting competition. Male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were divided into four groups (n = 10 per group) and orally administered OLP-01 for 4 weeks at 0 (vehicle), 2.05 × 109 (OLP-01-1X), 4.10 × 109 (OLP-01-2X), and 1.03 × 1010 (OLP-01-5X) CFU/kg/day. Physical performance tests including grip strength and endurance time were measured, with OLP-01 supplementation dose-dependently elevating grip strength and endurance. The anti-fatigue activity levels of serum lactate, ammonia, glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatine kinase (CK) were measured after an acute exercise challenge, and OLP-01 was found to significantly decrease lactate, ammonia, and CK levels. OLP-01 treatment was also found to significantly increase the resting levels of both hepatic and muscular glycogen, an indicator of energy storage. Supplementation by OLP-01 showed no subchronic toxic effects while supporting many health-promoting, performance-improving, and fatigue-ameliorating functions.

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Moonlight Avoidance Behavior in Leach's Storm-Petrels as a Defense against Slaty-Backed Gulls

The Auk ◽

10.1093/auk/103.1.14 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 103 (1) ◽

pp. 14-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

Yutaka Watanuki

Keyword(s):

Predator Avoidance ◽

Full Moon ◽

Activity Patterns ◽

Predation Rate ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Nocturnal Activity ◽

Oceanodroma Leucorhoa ◽

Risk Of Predation ◽

Reduced Activity ◽

Moonlight Avoidance

Abstract Diurnal activity patterns of Leach's Storm-Petrels (Oceanodroma leucorhoa) and Slaty-backed Gulls (Larus schistisagus) were investigated. The petrels reduced activity in moonlight in May and June when the predation rate by gulls was relatively high. Petrel activity levels were inversely correlated with light intensities and the corresponding risk of predation by the gull. This suggests that nocturnal activity and moonlight avoidance by the petrel in its colony are an effective defense against diurnal predators. Activity synchronization of the petrel was most marked during the full moon, further supporting the predator-avoidance hypothesis.

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