Modeling the cardiometabolic benefits of sleep in older women: exploring the 24-hour day

Abstract Study Objectives Activities throughout the day, including sleep, sedentary behavior (SB), light-intensity physical activity (LIPA), and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) are independently associated with cardiometabolic health. Few studies have examined interrelationships between sleep and 24-hour activity and associations with cardiometabolic risk. The objective of this study is to understand how replacing time in SB, LIPA, or MVPA with sleep impacts cardiometabolic risk. Methods Women’s Health Initiative OPACH Study participants (N = 3329; mean age = 78.5 ± 6) wore ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers 24 hours/7 days. Adjusted linear regression estimated the relationship between sleep duration and cardiometabolic markers. Separately for shorter (<8 hours) and longer (≥8 hours) sleepers, isotemporal substitution models estimated the cross-sectional associations with cardiometabolic markers with reallocating time in daytime activities to or from sleep. Results Longer sleep duration was associated with higher insulin, HOMA-IR, glucose, total cholesterol, and triglycerides (all p < 0.05). The associations between sleep duration and C-reactive protein, waist circumference, and body mass index (BMI) were U-shaped (both p < 0.05). For shorter sleepers, reallocating 33 minutes of MVPA to sleep was associated with higher values of insulin, HOMA-IR, glucose, triglycerides, waist circumference, and BMI (0.7%–11.5%). Replacing 91 minutes of SB time with sleep was associated with lower waist circumference and BMI (−1.3%, −1.8%). For long sleepers, shifting 91 minutes of sleep to SB was associated with higher waist circumference and BMI (1.3%, 1.4%). Conclusions This is one of the first isotemporal analyses to include objectively measured sleep duration. Results illuminate possible cardiometabolic risks and benefits of reallocating time to or from sleep.

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Ten-year change in sedentary behaviour, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiometabolic risk: independent associations and mediation analysis

British Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1136/bjsports-2016-096083 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 52 (16) ◽

pp. 1063-1068 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Sara Knaeps ◽

Jan G Bourgois ◽

Ruben Charlier ◽

Evelien Mertens ◽

Johan Lefevre ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Sedentary Behaviour ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Cardiometabolic Health ◽

Mediation Effects

BackgroundWe aimed to study the independent associations of 10-year change in sedentary behaviour (SB), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and objectively measured cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), with concurrent change in clustered cardiometabolic risk and its individual components (waist circumference, fasting glucose, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides and blood pressure). We also determined whether associations were mediated by change in CRF (for SB and MVPA), waist circumference (for SB, MVPA and CRF) and dietary intake (for SB).MethodsA population-based sample of 425 adults (age (mean±SD) 55.83±9.40; 65% men) was followed prospectively for 9.62±0.52 years. Participants self-reported SB and MVPA and performed a maximal cycle ergometer test to estimate peak oxygen uptake at baseline (2002–2004) and follow-up (2012–2014). Multiple linear regression and the product of coefficients method were used to examine independent associations and mediation effects, respectively.ResultsGreater increase in SB was associated with more detrimental change in clustered cardiometabolic risk, waist circumference, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides, independently of change in MVPA. Greater decrease in MVPA was associated with greater decrease in HDL cholesterol and increase in clustered cardiometabolic risk, waist circumference and fasting glucose, independent of change in SB. Greater decrease in CRF was associated with more detrimental change in clustered cardiometabolic risk and all individual components. Change in CRF mediated the associations of change in SB and MVPA with change in clustered cardiometabolic risk, waist circumference and, only for MVPA, HDL cholesterol. Change in waist circumference mediated the associations between change in CRF and change in clustered cardiometabolic risk, fasting glucose, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides.ConclusionsA combination of decreasing SB and increasing MVPA, resulting in positive change in CRF, is likely to be most beneficial towards cardiometabolic health.

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Environmental and Psychological Differences in Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity Among Young Adults at Cardiometabolic Risks: A Case-Control Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-30311/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ching Li ◽

Hsin-Yen Yen

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Young Adults ◽

Health Beliefs ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Lower Probability ◽

Cardiometabolic Health ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: Young adults’ physical activity is a foundation of creating future healthy lifestyles. The purpose of this study was to explore differences in physical activity, sedentary behavior, walkability, and health beliefs between young adults with and without cardiometabolic risk factors and the influence of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a structured questionnaire.Results: Totally, 1149 valid responses were received for a response rate of 86.32%. A significant effect of cardiometabolic risk factors on the physical activity and sedentary time among groups was found. Young adults at high risk had a lower probability of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity than did healthy adults. Individuals who perceived that there were more recreational facilities, higher benefits of exercise, and lower barriers to exercise were more likely to participate in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.Conclusions: Engaging in physical activity from environment and psychological perspectives is necessary for young adults’ cardiometabolic health promotion.

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Physical Activity, Sedentary Time, and Sleep and the Association With Inflammatory Markers and Adiponectin in 8- to 11-Year-Old Danish Children

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.2015-0123 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 733-739 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mette S. Nielsen ◽

Jonas S. Quist ◽

Jean-Philippe Chaput ◽

Stine-Mathilde Dalskov ◽

Camilla T. Damsgaard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Inflammatory Markers ◽

Sedentary Time ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Movement Behavior ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Pubertal Status ◽

Negatively Associated ◽

Reactive Protein

Background:Inflammatory markers, adiponectin, and movement/nonmovement behaviors have all been linked to risk factors for cardiovascular disease; however, the association between childhood movement/nonmovement behaviors and inflammatory markers and adiponectin is unknown.Methods:We explored the association between accelerometer determined moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sedentary time, and sleep (7 days/8 nights) and fasting C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and adiponectin in 806 school children. A sleep variability score was calculated.Results:MVPA was negatively associated with adiponectin in boys and girls (P < .001) and with CRP and IL-6 in girls (P < .05) independent of sleep duration, sedentary time, age, fat mass index (FMI), and pubertal status. Sedentary time was positively associated with adiponectin in boys and girls (both P < .001), and sleep duration with adiponectin in boys independent of age, FMI, and pubertal status (P < .001); however, these associations disappeared after mutual adjustments for movement behavior. Sleep duration variability was positively associated with CRP in girls independent of all covariates (P < .01).Conclusion:MVPA remained negatively associated with inflammatory markers and adiponectin, and sleep duration variability positively associated with CRP after adjustment for FMI, pubertal status, and other movement behavior. The inverse association between MVPA and adiponectin conflicts with the anti-inflammatory properties of adiponectin.

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Gender Differences in the Association between Sleep Duration and Cardiometabolic Risk: A Cross-sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-66808/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rei Matsuo ◽

Shigemasa Tani ◽

Naoya Matsumoto ◽

Yasuo Okumura

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Gender Differences ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background: Inappropriate sleep duration (shorter/longer than optimal sleep duration) has come to be identified as a potential cardiometabolic risk factor, and thereby, as a risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Few data exist regarding the gender differences in the relationship between sleep duration and cardiometabolic risk.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a study population of 9262 apparently healthy (5004 male, 4258 female) subjects at the Health Planning Center of Nihon University Hospital between September, 2015, and October 2016.Results: In the male subjects, as compared to a sleep duration of 6 to 7 hours, a sleep duration of ³8 hours was associated with an odds ratio (OR) for abdominal obesity (defined according to the Japanese criteria for metabolic syndrome as a waist circumference of ³85 cm) of 1.31 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.004-1.71) and for a non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level of ³150 mg/dL (defined as “Borderline hyper” by the Japan Atherosclerosis Society Guidelines for Prevention of ASCVD 2017) of 1.33 (1.05-1.68), and a sleep duration of <5 hours was associated with an OR (95% CI) for a fasting blood glucose of ³100 mg/dL (defined as “high” by a specialized lifestyle checkup program for the detection of symptoms of metabolic syndrome in Japan) of 1.74 (1.25-2.42). On the other hand, in the female subjects, as compared to a sleep duration of 6 to 7 hours, a sleep duration of <5 hours was associated with an OR (95% CI) for abdominal obesity (waist circumference ³90 cm) of 1.98 (1.11-3.55) and for a hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level of ³5.6 % of 1.52 (1.10-2.10), whereas a sleep duration of ³8 hours was not associated with worsening of any of the examined cardiometabolic risk factors. Conclusions: There may be gender differences in the relationship between sleep duration and cardiometabolic risk. To further reduce the risk of ASCVD, it may be of particular importance to emphasize adequate sleep duration.Clinical Trial Registration: UMIN (http://www.umin.ac.jp/) Study ID:　 UMIN000037643 retrospectively registered on 9 August 2019

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Obesity, Lifestyle Behaviors, and Dietary Habits of Saudi Adolescents Living in Riyadh (ATLS-2 Project): Revisited after a Ten-Year Period

Life ◽

10.3390/life11101078 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 1078

Author(s):

Hazzaa M. Al-Hazzaa ◽

Nada M. Albawardi

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Lifestyle Behaviors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Moderate Intensity Physical Activity ◽

The Past ◽

Intensity Physical Activity ◽

Cross Sectional Studies

Objective: Undesirable lifestyle behaviors are associated with many adverse health outcomes. This study revisited the lifestyle behaviors, dietary habits, and overweight/obesity status of Saudi adolescents from Riyadh during the year 2019/2020. We report on the rationale, design, and methodology of the current study and provide preliminary findings of the changes that occurred between the two cross-sectional studies within the span of a ten-year period. Methods: A comparison was made between two cross-sectional studies, one conducted in 2009/2010 and the other in 2019/2020, using the same design, methods, and instruments. A multistage stratified cluster random sampling technique was used to select adolescents attending public and private secondary schools. Measurements included demographics, weight, height, waist circumference, physical activity (using valid questionnaire and accelerometer), sedentary time, sleep duration, and dietary habits. Results: The total number of participants was 1262 adolescents, of which 52.4% were male, with a mean (SD) age of 16.4 ± 0.95 years. About 41% of paternal and 39.1% of maternal education levels were university degrees. Over 37% of the families earned more than SAR 20,000/month. Body mass index and waist circumference of males was larger than that of females and the overall prevalence of overweight/obesity was 40.5% with significance (p < 0.001) difference between males (47.3%) and females (32.8%). Between 2009/2010 and 2019/2020 datasets, there were significant changes in age (p < 0.001), waist circumference (p < 0.001), screen time (p < 0.001), moderate-intensity physical activity (p < 0.001), vigorous-intensity physical activity (p < 0.001), total physical activity (p < 0.001), and consumption of breakfast (p = 0.015) and fruits (p = 0.002). Conclusion: The most notable change between the two studies was a significant reduction in the prevalence of physical inactivity among Saudi adolescents, which was due to increased levels of moderate-intensity physical activity among Saudi females, as a result of recent positive sociopolitical changes occurring in the country over the past four years. The findings provided rich information that can be used to explore trends in overweight/obesity, lifestyle behaviors, and dietary habits among Saudi adolescents over the past ten-year period.

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Abstract P349: Accelerometer-measured Sleep Duration and Markers of Cardiometabolic Health: Findings From a Large Racially Ethnic Diverse Cohort of Older Adult Women

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.137.suppl_1.p349 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Kelsie M Full ◽

Jacqueline Kerr ◽

Dana Song ◽

Atul Malhotra ◽

Linda Gallo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sleep Duration ◽

Older Adult ◽

Cardiovascular Health ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Cardiometabolic Health ◽

Adult Women ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Race Ethnicity ◽

The Relationship

Background: Cross-sectional and prospective studies have demonstrated that self-reported short sleep is a predictor of cardiometabolic conditions including obesity, Type 2 Diabetes, and cardiovascular events. The relationship may be non-linear, with short and long sleep related to markers of cardiometabolic risk. Research on sleep duration and cardiometabolic health is limited by use of single item self-report sleep measures and homogeneous populations. The current study tested the hypothesis that accelerometer-measured sleep duration would be significantly associated with objective markers of cardiometabolic risk in older adult women. Methods: Cross-sectional data were analyzed in 2662 women (mean age: 79.05, 52.8% white, 29.8% black, 17.4% Hispanic), from the Objective Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health Study, ancillary study to the Women’s Health Initiative. Women wore accelerometers on the hip for 24 hours over 7 days and completed a daily sleep log. To be included in the present analysis women must have validated night wear for at least 3 nights. Sleep data were scored according to a standard protocol using sleep logs and visual inspection of the accelerometer data. Body mass index (BMI) and fasting blood samples were obtained at home visits prior to accelerometer monitoring. Adjusting for age and race/ethnicity, linear regression models estimated the relationship between sleep duration and BMI (kg/m 2 ), HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose (mg/dL each), and C-reactive protein (CRP; mg/L). A quadratic term for sleep was included in the models to evaluate nonlinearity. Results: The mean nightly sleep duration in the sample was 489.6 mins per night (8.16 hours) with 14.8% of the sample sleeping less than 7 hours per night and 21% sleeping more than 9 hours per night. After adjusting for age and race/ethnicity, sleep duration was significantly related to BMI (regression coefficient [ B ] :- 0.034, p<.01), and the relationship appeared to be non-linear (quadratic, p=.02). The estimated quadratic function indicated a decreasing BMI as sleep duration increased up to 500 minutes/night, and then an increasing BMI as sleep duration continued to increase beyond 500 minutes/night. Additionally, sleep duration was significantly related to CRP ( B: - 0.005, p=.03), triglycerides ( B: 0.002, p=.03) and glucose ( B: - 0.125, p=.05), with both the CRP (quadratic, p =.02) and glucose (quadratic, p =.03) relationships appearing to be u-shaped and the triglyceride relationship linear. Sleep duration was not significantly related to HDL cholesterol. Conclusions: In older women, there is a significant relationship between sleep duration and cardiometabolic risk factors, independent of age and race/ethnicity. These cross-sectional relationships should be further explored in prospective studies to inform sleep guidelines for better cardiovascular health in older adult women.

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Exploring New Relationships Between Physical Activity Volume and Intensity and Cardiometabolic Risk in U.S. Adolescents

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.2014-0418 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 1312-1319 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Daniel P. Hatfield ◽

Virginia R. Chomitz ◽

Kenneth Chui ◽

Jennifer M. Sacheck ◽

Christina D. Economo

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Research Policy ◽

Diastolic Pressure ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Individual Risk ◽

Cardiometabolic Health ◽

Inverse Association

Background:Associations between physical activity (PA) intensity and volume and adolescents’ cardiometabolic health have research, policy, and practice implications. This study compares associations between cardiometabolic risk factors and 1) moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) minutes versus total PA volume (accelerometer-derived total activity counts, TAC) and 2) light PA volume (counts at light intensity, L-TAC) versus moderate-to-vigorous PA volume (counts at moderate-to-vigorous intensity, MV-TAC).Methods:2105 adolescents from 2003– 2006 NHANES were included. Independent variables were MVPA minutes, TAC, L-TAC, and MV-TAC. Regression models tested associations between PA variables and continuous metabolic risk index (CMRI), waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, HDL, insulin, and triglycerides.Results:TAC demonstrated a slightly stronger inverse association with CMRI (P = .004) than did MVPA (P = .013). TAC and MVPA were both associated with systolic and diastolic pressure, HDL, and insulin; associations were similar or slightly stronger for TAC. L-TAC and MV-TAC were both associated with CMRI and HDL. Only L-TAC was associated with diastolic pressure. Only MV-TAC was associated with waist circumference, systolic pressure, and insulin.Conclusions:Compared with MVPA minutes, TAC demonstrates similar or slightly stronger associations with cardiometabolic risk factors. L-TAC and MV-TAC appear similarly associated with adolescents’ clustered risk but differently associated with individual risk factors.

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24-h Movement Guidelines and Substance Use among Adolescents: A School-Based Cross-Sectional Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18063309 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 3309

Author(s):

Hugues Sampasa-Kanyinga ◽

Ian Colman ◽

Gary S. Goldfield ◽

Ian Janssen ◽

JianLi Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Substance Use ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Screen Time ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cannabis Use ◽

Cross Sectional

Children and youth are recommended to achieve at least 60 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, no more than 2 h/day of recreational screen time, and a sleep duration of 9–11 h/night for 11–13-year-olds or 8–10 h/night for 14–17-year-olds. Meeting the physical activity, screen time, and sleep duration recommendations have previously been associated with substance use among adolescents. However, previous research has mainly examined these factors individually rather than looking at how these indicators could concurrently relate to substance use in this age group. Therefore, this study examined the associations between meeting the 24-h movement guidelines for screen time, sleep duration, and physical activity (independent variables) with substance use outcomes including alcohol consumption, cannabis use, and cigarette smoking (dependent variables) among adolescents. Self-reported data from a cross-sectional and representative sample of 10,236 students (mean age = 15.1 years) in Ontario, Canada were analyzed. Logistic regression models stratified by gender were adjusted for potential confounders. Combinations of 24-h movement guidelines was differentially associated with substance use in boys and girls. Overall, findings showed that meeting 24-h movement guidelines is associated with lower odds of alcohol consumption, cannabis use, and cigarette smoking differentially with type of recommendation met and gender. Given that the associations between 24-h movement guidelines and substance use differ between boys and girls, future efforts should take this into consideration.

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Lifestyle Factors and Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity in Youth. Findings from the OSPEL Study

10.20944/preprints202103.0476.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammed S. Ellulu ◽

Alex Brito ◽

Carine De Beaufort ◽

Torsten Bohn ◽

Benjamin Guinhouya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Lifestyle Factors ◽

Cardiometabolic Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sweetened Beverages ◽

Pediatric Clinic ◽

Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity ◽

The Relationship

Metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) was associated with increased cardiometabolic risk. However, it is not fully understood which lifestyle factors are associated with MUO in youth. We aimed to investigate the relationship between MUO and lifestyle patterns in youth. 7-17 years old youth with overweight (N=48; 60.4% girls) and obesity (N=71; 56.3% girls) were recruited in the Pediatric Clinic, Luxembourg (cross-sectional study). Eating and sedentary habits, moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and vigorous physical activity (VPA) were assessed. 72.3% of the participants had MUO. Multivariable logistic regressions showed that MUO is most likely to be associated with moderate to low weekly levels of MVPA [OR: 2.09 (95% CI: 1.07 – 4.09; p = 0.030)] and moderate to high weekly soda and lemonade drinks consumption [OR: 2.92 (95% CI: 1.32 – 6.48; p = 0.008)]. After adjustment for age, gender and Tanner stages, MUO was most likely to be associated with moderate to high soda and lemonade drinks consumption [OR: 2.72 (95% CI: 1.21– 6.12; p = 0.016)] and with Tanner stages [OR: 2.06 (95% CI: 1.08– 3.94; p = 0.029)]. We support the promotion of MVPA and the moderation in the sugar-sweetened beverages consumption to manage cardiometabolic health in youth with obesity.

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C-reactive protein and cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight or obese children and adolescents

Revista de Nutrição ◽

10.1590/1415-52732014000300002 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 279-288 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anajás da Silva Cardoso ◽

Renata Oliveira Cardoso ◽

Danielle Franklin de Carvalho ◽

Neusa Collet ◽

Carla Campos Muniz Medeiros

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Severe Obesity ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Reactive Protein

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between ultrasensitive C-reactive protein and cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight or obese childrenand adolescents. METHODS: Cross-sectional study conducted at the Center for Childhood Obesity in the period from April 2009 to April 2010, involving 185 overweight children and adolescents aged 2 to 18 years. Measures of ultrasensitive C-reactive protein according to age, nutritional status, gender, race, cardiometabolic risk factors (waist circumference, lipid profile, impaired fasting glucose, high blood pressure and presence of insulin resistance) were compared through the Chi-square test and analysis of variance. All analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 17.0, adopting a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: Altered high-density lipoprotein was the most frequent cardiometabolic risk factor, and there was a significant association between altered ultrasensitive C-reactive protein values and severe obesity (p=0.005), high waist circumference (p<0.001), hypertriglyceridemia (p=0.037) and insulin resistance (p=0.002), as well as significantly higher body mass index (p=0.000), waist circumference (p=0.001), insulin (p=0.005) and index of glucose homeostasis values(p=0.005). CONCLUSION: High prevalence of altered ultrasensitive C-reactive protein and significant association with severe obesity, waist circumference, hypertriglyceridemia and insulin resistance were observed.

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