How Do We Know If Birth Control Is Safe?

Birth Control ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth Sundstrom ◽  
Cara Delay
Keyword(s):  
Birth Control ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptive ◽  
Almost All

Hormonal contraceptive options are among the most well-studied medicines available today. Decades of research and experience show that they are safe. For more than 50 years, millions of women have taken “the pill” safely. Although hormonal birth control is safe for almost all women,...

Characteristics and attitudes of family planners in Khartoum, Sudan

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Khalifa
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Birth Control ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Age Group ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Almost All

SummaryIn a survey of 1475 urban Moslem wives in the age group 15–49 living in the capital city of the Sudan, knowledge of birth control was reported by almost all respondents while a significant proportion had used contraception at least once. The mean age of the users was 32·8 years, their duration of marriage was 15·1 years and their mean number of surviving children was 4·6. Those who had never used contraception had a higher mean age, a longer duration of marriage and more surviving children. Most of the users had an urban residential background and belonged to the high socioeconomic class. They held favourable attitudes to family planning. Although they thought that having a large family (more than five children) was not desirable, their mean preferred family size was no different from that of the never users.The results indicate that contraception is used for the purpose of spacing births rather than limiting their ultimate number. At this early stage of contraceptive adoption in Sudan, the characteristics of the pioneer acceptors are similar to those observed in other African countries.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN ANTARA TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN TENTANG IMPLANT DENGAN PEMAKAIAN KONTRASEPSI IMPLANT PADA AKSEPTOR DI BPS NY. HJ. FAROHAH DESA DUKUN GRESIK

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taqiyyah Barroh Thoyyib ◽  
Yunik Windarti
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Relationship

The purposed to find out the relationship between the knowledge about implant and implant contraceptive used of acceptors at BPS Farohah Gresik. Implant is one of hormone contraceptive methode with high effectiveness. But, know fact that there were acceptors refused to use implant. The caused factor is the less off acceptors knowledge about implant. Therefore, this research was purposed to find out the relationship between the knowledge about implant and implant contraceptive used of acceptors at BPS Farohah Gresik. The type of this research was analytic by cross sectional methode. The population involved 42 acceptors of hormonal contraceptive who attended on June at BPS Farohah Gresik. 38 respondents were taken as the samples using simple random sampling technique. The independent variable was knowledge where as, the dependent one was the used of implant. Questionnaires was used to collect the data. Analyzed by using MannWhitney test with the significance level α = 0,05. The result of this research showed that most of respondents (60,5%) had less knowledge and almost all respondents (89,5%) did not use implant. Furthermore, the statistic test has obtarned p = 0,039 < α = 0,05. So H0 was refused that there was a relationship between knowledge about implant and the used of implant contraceptive at BPS Farohah Gresik. The research concluded that the less of acceptors knowledge about implant. The used of this contraceptive is vower. Hence, the health workers should improve the counselling and implant extension to people.

Recent Advances in Hormonal Contraceptives for Women

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-206
Author(s):  
D. Samba Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Birth Control ◽  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Hormonal Contraception ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptive ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptives ◽  
Breakthrough Bleeding ◽  
Contraceptive Agents ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Hormone Injection

Currently, Contraceptive agents play a key role in family planning in India. Hormonal contraception is the marketed most common birth control option in women. An estimated 100 million women throughout the world use hormonal contraceptives for prevention of pregnancy. This article briefly describes the recent advances in hormonal contraceptive strategies that may minimize side effects while optimizing effective contraception. There are four types of hormonal contraceptive agents available for birth control. They include oral contraceptives pills (combined and mini-pills), contraceptive patches, hormonal implants, intrauterine devices and hormone injection agents. Oral contraceptives (OCs) are among the most widely used agents because they are highly effective when used properly. Generally, OCs are designed to simulate the 28 days of the menstrual cycle by daily intake of steroid hormones consisting of an estrogen and/or a progesterone. The primary mechanism underlying OC action is inhibition of ovulation. This action is achieved using a variety of OCs with substantially different components, doses, and side effect profile.  Two types of OC pills are widely available: combination pills; and progesterone only pills. The combined daily OC pill is composed of low dose of synthetic estrogen and progesterone. They are usually taken for 21 days with a 7 day gap during which menstruation-like bleeding occurs. Recently, there are several new OCs that have been approved to minimize the frequency and/or extent of breakthrough bleeding while achieving reliable means of contraception for the avoidance of unplanned pregnancies.

scholarly journals Gambaran Pengetahuan Ibu tentang KB Suntik 1 Bulan di Klinik Pratama Tanjung Deli Tua Tahun 2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-81
Author(s):  
Bernadetta Ambarita ◽  
AgnesDwiSari Hura
Keyword(s):  
Birth Control ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptive ◽  
Cervical Mucus ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Category Knowledge ◽  
Fertilized Egg ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

Introduction : Contraceptive injections are one of the contraceptive methods available in Indonesia that serve to prevent the occurrence of pregnancy through hormonal injections. Hormonal contraceptive type birth control injections one of them injectable kb 1 month. This 1-month injectable birth control can prevent egg release or ovulation every month. In addition, this kb also thickens cervical mucus, making it difficult for sperm to move through the cervix. This contraceptive also thins the lining of the uterus so that the fertilized egg is more difficult to implant in the uterus. Method : This study aims to find out an overview of the mother's knowledge about 1 month injectable birth control at Klinik Pratama Tanjung Deli Tua in 2021. This research uses descriptive methods. The samples in this study are all kb acceptors who are still active and visited Klinik Pratama Tanjung Deli Tua in 2021 with a total of 30 respondents. Researchers used primary and secondary data that was processed using SPSS and presented using open tables. Result : The results of the study were as follows: of 30 respondents who were knowledgeable with a good category of 8 people (26.7%), followed by enough category knowledge as many as 10 people (33.3%), and knowledge with a category of less than 12 people (40.0%). Conclusion : The lack of knowledge of the mother about the injectable kb 1 month, it is expected that health workers can provide counseling to the new and recurring KB acceptors about the injectable kb 1 month

scholarly journals FAKTOR YANG MELATARBELAKANGI UNMET NEED DI DUSUN JETAK DESA JASEM KECAMATAN NGORO KABUPATEN MOJOKERTO

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Ifa Roifah
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Birth Control ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Age Factor ◽  
High Level ◽  
Almost All

This study is based on the high level of unmet need in Indonesia. The high level of unmet need for spacing found among young women is less than 30 years old and a high level of unmet need for an end to the group of women are elderly and have a number of children as expected. This study aims to determine the factors behind unmet need in Jetak Jasem Village Ngoro District Mojokerto Regency. This study was descriptive. The populations in this study were all EFA that do not use family planning in Jetak Jasem Village Ngoro District Mojokerto Regency as many as 33 EFA. Sampling of this research is total sampling. The variables in this study were age, income, education, occupation, and number of children. The instrument used was a questionnaire. The results suggest that the age factor underlying the unmet need in Jetak Jasem Village Ngoro District Mojokerto Regency almost all respondents aged over 35 years, most of the income is less than or equal UMK, basic education, not working, and has two children. This suggests that the dominant factor behind the unmet need is the age factor. EFA did not use birth control due to feel old age, number of side effects that may arise as a result of birth control, forbidden by the husband to use birth control, the myth of the limit on the number of children that can be owned by the mother, and the herbal drink to not get pregnant.

scholarly journals Edukasi tentang Keuntungan Menggunakan KB IUD di Kelurahan Bagan Pete Kota Jambi

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Tuhu Perwitasari
Keyword(s):  
Birth Control ◽  
Intrauterine Device ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptive ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Effective Period ◽  
Medication Schedule ◽  
Birth Control Program

AbstractThe degree of health is influenced by many factors including the environment, behavior, health services and heredity. health is a basic human right and is one of the factors that determine the quality of human resources. The use of contraception is an effort to maintain health. there are various kinds of contraception one of which is the IUD. Intrauterine device (IUD) or also called an intrauterine device (IUD) is a very effective method of contraception to prevent pregnancy reaching 99.7%. IUD birth control has many advantages including a long effective period of contraception that is 3-5 years, no hassle to remember the medication schedule, no need to change devices, or refill prescriptions and return to the doctor or midwifeto repeat contraception and most importantly the return of fertility can occur immediately after removing the IUD. These advantages make IUD birth control a pregnancy delay tool that is most effective compared to other contraceptives. the lack of mother's knowledge about the benefits of using the IUD birth control program and the large amount of incorrect information makes mothers reluctant to use the IUD birth control program. Current conditions, the use of effective long-term contraceptive methods, especially the IUD, has relatively decreased while the use of hormonal contraceptive methods dominates. the provision of information through counseling is aimed at women of childbearing age and pregnant women so that they can provide appropriate information about the benefits of using KB IUDs and the awareness of mothers to use safer contraception andlong-term. long-range

scholarly journals Motivations to use hormonal contraceptive methods and condoms among HIV-positive and negative women randomized to a progestin contraceptive in Malawi: a qualitative study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agatha K. Bula ◽  
Kendra Hatfield-Timajchy ◽  
John Chapola ◽  
L. Chinula ◽  
Stacey A. Hurst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Condom Use ◽  
Unintended Pregnancy ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptive ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptives ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Hiv Acquisition ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Background Although many countries have been promoting hormonal contraceptives to prevent unintended pregnancy and condom use to prevent HIV transmission, little is known about how women targeted by these messages have interpreted and internalized them. We describe HIV-positive and negative women’s understanding of the benefits of contraception and condoms and their motivations to use them. Methods This is a qualitative sub-study from a clinical trial evaluating the effects of progestin contraception on HIV-positive and negative women aged 18–45 years randomly assigned to depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) injection or levonorgestrel (LNG) implant. We purposively recruited 41 women to participate in in-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) after randomization into the main study. We conducted a total of 30 IDIs and 6 FGDs comprised of 4–7 women (N = 32). All women were counselled about potential risks for HIV acquisition/transmission with progestin-only contraception, drug-drug interactions between the implant and efavirenz-based ART, and the need to use condoms with their assigned contraceptive to help prevent pregnancy and HIV acquisition and transmission. Results All women understood that HIV is transmitted through unprotected sex and that HIV transmission can be prevented through condom use but not DMPA injection or LNG implant use. Nearly all HIV-positive women knew or suspected that their partners were also HIV-positive and were most interested in using condoms to prevent infection with a drug-resistant HIV strain to keep their HIV viral load low. Almost all reported that their partners agreed to condom use, but few used them consistently. Most women believed that condoms were effective at preventing both HIV and pregnancy if used consistently. Nearly all women considered contraception and condom use as important in preventing unintended pregnancy and HIV because partner disclosure of HIV status is low. Conclusion Our results showed that both HIV-positive and negative women understood modes of HIV transmission and prevention and were aware that hormonal contraceptives are only effective for preventing pregnancy and not HIV. Although both HIV-negative and positive women were motivated to use condoms to prevent both HIV acquisition and infection with other HIV strains respectively, they all faced challenges from their partners in using condoms consistently.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN ANTARA TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN TENTANG IMPLANT DENGAN PEMAKAIAN KONTRASEPSI IMPLANT PADA AKSEPTOR DI BPS NY. HJ. FAROHAH DESA DUKUN GRESIK

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taqiyyah Barroh Thoyyib ◽  
Yunik Windarti
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Relationship

The purposed to find out the relationship between the knowledge about implant and implant contraceptive used of acceptors at BPS Farohah Gresik. Implant is one of hormone contraceptive methode with high effectiveness. But, know fact that there were acceptors refused to use implant. The caused factor is the less off acceptors knowledge about implant. Therefore, this research was purposed to find out the relationship between the knowledge about implant and implant contraceptive used of acceptors at BPS Farohah Gresik. The type of this research was analytic by cross sectional methode. The population involved 42 acceptors of hormonal contraceptive who attended on June at BPS Farohah Gresik. 38 respondents were taken as the samples using simple random sampling technique. The independent variable was knowledge where as, the dependent one was the used of implant. Questionnaires was used to collect the data. Analyzed by using Mann-Whitney test with the significance level  α = 0,05. The result of this research showed that most of respondents (60,5%) had less knowledge and almost all respondents (89,5%) did not use implant. Furthermore, the statistic test has obtarned p = 0,039 < α = 0,05. So H0  was refused that there was a relationship between knowledge about implant and the used of implant contraceptive at BPS Farohah Gresik. The research concluded that the less of acceptors knowledge about implant. The used of this contraceptive is vower. Hence, the health workers should improve the counselling and implant extension to people.

scholarly journals Systematic Review of Ovarian Activity and Potential for Embryo Formation and Loss during the Use of Hormonal Contraception

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-469
Author(s):  
Donna Harrison ◽  
Cara Buskmiller ◽  
Monique Chireau ◽  
Lester A. Ruppersberger ◽  
Patrick P. Yeung
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Birth Control ◽  
English Language ◽  
Hormonal Contraception ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptive ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptives ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Early Human

The purpose of this review was to determine whether there is evidence that ovulation can occur in women using hormonal contraceptives and whether these drugs might inhibit implantation. We performed a systematic review of the published English-language literature from 1990 to the present which included studies on the hormonal milieu following egg release in women using any hormonal contraceptive method. High circulating estrogens and progestins in the follicular phase appear to induce dysfunctional ovulation, where follicular rupture occurs but is followed by low or absent corpus luteum production of progesterone. Hoogland scoring of ovulatory activity may inadvertently obscure the reality of ovum release by limiting the term “ovulation” to those instances where follicular rupture is followed by production of a threshold level of luteal progesterone, sufficient to sustain fertilization, implantation, and the end point of a positive β-human chorionic gonadotropin. However, follicular ruptures and egg release with subsequent low progesterone output have been documented in women using hormonal contraception. In the absence of specific ovulation and fertilization markers, follicular rupture should be considered the best marker for egg release and potential fertilization. Women using hormonal contraceptives may produce more eggs than previously described by established criteria; moreover, suboptimal luteal progesterone production may be more likely than previously acknowledged, which may contribute to embryo loss. This information should be included in informed consent for women who are considering the use of hormonal contraception. Summary: For this study, the authors looked at English-language research articles that focused on how hormonal birth control, such as the birth control pill, may affect very early human embryos. The authors found that abnormal ovulation, or release of an egg followed by abnormal hormone levels, may often occur in women using hormonal birth control. This may increase the number of very early human embryos who are lost before a pregnancy test becomes positive. For women who are thinking about using hormonal birth control, this is important information to consider.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENGETAHUAN AKSEPTOR DENGAN PEMILIHAN KONTRASEPSI IMPLANT

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunik Windarti
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptive ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
High Effectiveness ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
Mann Whitney Test ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Selection Of

The influence of acceptor’s knowledge with the selection of implant contraception. Implant is one of hormone contraceptive methode with high effectiveness. But, know fact that there were acceptors refused to use implant. The caused factor is the less off acceptors knowledge about implant. Therefore, this research was influence of acceptor’s knowledge with the selection of implant contraception. The type of this research was analytic by non probability. The po samplingpulation involved 42 acceptors of hormonal contraceptive who attended on may at BPM Kusmawati Surabaya. 38 respondents were taken as the samples using accidental sampling technique. The independent variable was knowledge where as, the dependent one was the selection. Questionnaires was used to collect the data. Analyzed by using Mann-Whitney test with the significance level α = 0,05. The result of this research showed that most of respondents (60,5%) had less knowledge and almost all respondents (89,5%) did not use implant. Furthermore, the statistic test has obtarned p = 0,039 < α = 0,05. So H0 was refused that there was influence of acceptor’s knowledge with the selection of implant. The research concluded that the less of acceptors knowledge about implant. The used of this contraceptive is vower. Hence, the health workers should improve the counselling and implant extension to people.

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