A Diagnostic Guide for Phytophthora capsici infecting vegetable crops

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilo H. Parada-Rojas ◽  
Leah Granke ◽  
Rachel Naegele ◽  
Zachariah Hansen ◽  
Mary Hausbeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Oomycete Pathogen ◽  
Term Storage

Phytophthora capsici is an oomycete pathogen causing economically important diseases in a wide range of hosts worldwide including cucurbitaceous, solanaceous, and fabaceous crops. All plant parts, crown and roots, or only the fruit may be affected depending on the host, and symptoms can range from wilting to rot and plant death. Considered a hemibiotroph, P. capsici can be cultured in artificial media and maintained in long term storage. In this diagnostic guide, we describe methods to identify P. capsici infection based on disease symptoms and pathogen signs. We also outline methods for molecular identification, pathogen isolation, storage of single-sporangium cultures, and pathogenicity testing.

scholarly journals Investigation of the chemical composition of pumpkin pulp as a basis for soft drinks

Vestnik MGTU ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-449
Author(s):  
M. N. Shkolnikova ◽  
V. N. Abbazova
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Technological Potential ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Snack Products ◽  
Term Storage

Pumpkin fruits ( Cucurbita spp.) have a number of advantages and high technological potential, thanks to almost universal cultivation in a wide range of agro-climatic conditions, the ability to long-term storage, the content of dietary fibers, pectin and other polysaccharides, carotenoids, polyphenolic substances, vitamins, which cause a wide range of physiological orientation. In the process of researching the composition of local cultivars of pumpkin and the world experience of using Cucurbita spp. in the composition of food products, the need to use this ingredient in beverage recipes has been substantiated. The content of dry substances in the pumpkin samples is from 8.18 % ("Gribovskaya") to 11.6 % ("Orange bush"). The maximum sugar content is distinguished by the varieties "Winter Sweet" (6.87 %) and "Orange Bush" (7.40 %). The content of BAS-antioxidants is (without visible difference depending on the growing region): carotenoids from 1.3 mg/100 g in "Gribovskaya" to 2.0 mg/100 g - "Orange bush"; ascorbic acid - 8.7 mg/100 g in "Rossiyanka" to 14.2 mg/100 g - "Orange bush". Today all parts of the pumpkin fruit are used: the bark is a raw material for the production of feed flour and a substrate for the cultivation of lactobacilli, the seeds are traditionally used to produce pumpkin oil and flour, the pulp of the fruit is a raw material for juice-containing products, purees, carotenoid-containing and polysaccharide extracts, pectin, concentrates of first and second dishes, snack products, pasta, bakery, confectionery and meat products, etc.

Long-term room temperature storage of DNA molecules

Biomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 552-563
Author(s):  
R.R. Garafutdinov ◽  
A.R. Sakhabutdinova ◽  
A.V. Chemeris
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Dna Molecules ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Frozen Solutions ◽  
Term Storage

The simplest and most common method of long-term storage of DNA samples at present is the storage of their frozen solutions, which, however, has a number of disadvantages, including the destruction of DNA molecules during freezing and thawing, as well as energy consumption and the likelihood of losing valuable samples in the event of possible accidents. In this regard, long-term storage of DNA samples at room temperature in a dried state is preferable, especially since an even greater increase in the number of stored DNA samples is planned due to the planned preservation of non-biological data in this molecule, which is recognized at the International Economic Forum 2019 among the 10 most important innovative technologies as “DNA Data Storage” of the near future of mankind. Such storage requires the exclusion of hydrolysis and oxidation of DNA molecules under the action of water and reactive oxygen species, which can be achieved by placing DNA in an inert anhydrous atmosphere, including in the presence of additional ingredients in the form of, for example, trehalose, imitating wildlife, since it is known that this simple disaccharide, capable of vitrification, protects a wide range of anhydrobiont organisms from adverse environmental conditions. Currently, there are a number of technologies that provide long-term storage of DNA at room temperature, including those available from commercial sources, but not all problems have yet been solved, which is reflected in this review article.

scholarly journals The influence of long-term storage in liquid nitrogen on survival and pathogenicity of Phytophthora Infestans isolates

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylwester Sobkowiak ◽  
Hanna Zarzycka ◽  
Jadwiga Śliwka
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Paraffin Oil ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Nitrogen Treatment ◽  
Term Storage

Abstract A set of 14 aggressive Phythophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary isolates with a wide range of virulence, was stored for eight years (2002-2010) in liquid nitrogen at -196°C (209 samples) and under paraffin oil at 7°C (70 test tubes). The survival rate of samples stored in liquid nitrogen was scored as 88%, 45 days after thawing. The revived isolates were passaged through potato tissues four times and tested for virulence on a set of 11 Black’s differentials. The mean number of virulence factors per isolate, of these P. infestans isolates evaluated before storage, was 7.4. The isolates stored in liquid nitrogen and under paraffin oil and passaged four times through potato tissues showed a similar mean number of virulence factors per isolate, 7.3 and 6.9, respectively. Isolates stored under paraffin oil showed no expression of factor avr5, but expression of this factor occurred in six isolates after liquid nitrogen treatment. The initial expression of this factor occurred in four isolates. Before storage, the average aggressiveness of the tested isolates was assessed as 1.7, on a 1-9 scale, where 1 means the most aggressive. After storage and after four subsequent passages through potato tissues, the mean aggressiveness of isolates stored in liquid nitrogen and under paraffin oil reached the level of 1.5 and 2.1, respectively. The mean aggressiveness was not significantly different from the level of initial assessment.

scholarly journals UK Government Web Continuity: Persisting Access through Aligning Infrastructures

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Spencer ◽  
John Sheridan ◽  
David Thomas ◽  
David Pullinger
Keyword(s):  
Building Blocks ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Parliamentary Debates ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Term Storage ◽  
The Web

Government's use of the Web in the UK is prolific and a wide range of services are now available though this channel. The government set out to address the problem that links from Hansard (the transcripts of Parliamentary debates) were not maintained over time and that therefore there was need for some long-term storage and stewardship of information, including maintaining access. Further investigation revealed that linking was key, not only in maintaining access to information, but also to the discovery of information. This resulted in a project that affects the entire  government Web estate, with a solution leveraging the basic building blocks of the Internet (DNS) and the Web (HTTP and URIs) in a pragmatic way, to ensure that an infrastructure is in place to provide access to important information both now and in the future.

scholarly journals Characteristics of cryoprotectors used for long-term storage of donor dendritic cells

2021 ◽  
pp. 102-108
Author(s):  
Oksana V. Timohina ◽  
Andrei Y. Hancharou
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Term Storage

Monocyte-derived donor dendritic cells are promising for use in the treatment of cancer. However, there are some problems that currently limit their clinical use. One of which is the cryopreservation of cells followed by restoration on demand. А cryoprotector must be added to the nutrient medium in order to reduce or completely eliminate the damaging factors acting on cells during freezing. Cryoprotectors refer to a wide range of sugars, diols and amino acids that stabilise biomolecules in various ways, depending on their molecular weight and mechanism of action on cells. The work describes groups of cryoprotectors (endo- and exocellular, mixed and combined cryoprotectors), as well as presents techniques of cryopreservation of dendritic cells.

scholarly journals Evidence for Teaching in an Australian Songbird

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hollis Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Transmission ◽  
Vocal Learning ◽  
Active Teaching ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Vocal Instruction ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Open Question ◽  
Term Storage

Song in oscine birds (as in human speech and song) relies upon the rare capacity of vocal learning. Transmission can be vertical, horizontal, or oblique. As a rule, memorization and production by a naïve bird are not simultaneous: the long-term storage of song phrases precedes their first vocal rehearsal by months. While a wealth of detail regarding songbird enculturation has been uncovered by focusing on the apprentice, whether observational learning can fully account for the ontogeny of birdsong, or whether there could also be an element of active teaching involved, has remained an open question. Given the paucity of knowledge on animal cultures, I argue for the utility of an inclusive definition of teaching that encourages data be collected across a wide range of taxa. Borrowing insights from musicology, I introduce the Australian pied butcherbird (Cracticus nigrogularis) into the debate surrounding mechanisms of cultural transmission. I probe the relevance and utility of mentalistic, culture-based, and functionalist approaches to teaching in this species. Sonographic analysis of birdsong recordings and observational data (including photographs) of pied butcherbird behavior at one field site provide evidence that I assess based on criteria laid down by Caro and Hauser, along with later refinements to their functionalist definition. The candidate case of teaching reviewed here adds to a limited but growing body of reports supporting the notion that teaching may be more widespread than is currently realized. Nonetheless, I describe the challenges of confirming that learning has occurred in songbird pupils, given the delay between vocal instruction and production, as well as the low status accorded to anecdote and other observational evidence commonly mustered in instances of purported teaching. As a corrective, I press for an emphasis on biodiversity that will guide the study of teaching beyond human accounts and intractable discipline-specific burdens of proof.

scholarly journals Temperature and Seed Moisture Govern Storage Duration and Germination of Phlox drummondii

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-188
Author(s):  
W.J. Carpenter ◽  
E.R. Ostmark ◽  
J.A. Cornell
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Storage Duration ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Phlox Drummondii ◽  
Term Storage

Phlox drummondii Hook seed germinated well over a wide range of constant or alternating temperatures. Germination percentages at constant temperatures of 10 to 25C ranged from 94% to 98% for `Light Salmon' and from 83% to 88% for `Deep Salmon'. No seeds germinated at constant 30C. Total germination percentages at alternating temperatures ranged from 93% to 99% for `Light Salmon' and 67% to 82% for `Deep Salmon'. For both cultivars, the number of days to 50% of final germination (T50) and between 10% and 90% germination (T90-T10) decreased as constant temperatures or the median for alternating temperatures rose from 10 to 20C. The seeds had only limited desiccation tolerance. Reducing the moisture content of stored seed from 9 % to 5 % did not reduce total germination significantly, but 5% to 6% seed moisture levels increased the days to T50 and T90-T10 compared with higher moisture contents. The relative humidity and temperature that phlox seed received during long-term storage influenced germination. After seed was stored at 5C, germination generally was higher, earlier, and more uniform than after storage at 15 or 25C. The highest total germination percentages and shortest T50 and T90-T10 occurred following storage for 12 months at 5C and 20% to 40% relative humidity.

scholarly journals Effects of protatranes on the germination of wheat and triticale seeds after their long-term storage

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-280
Author(s):  
G. I. Filipenko ◽  
S. N. Adamovich ◽  
E. N. Oborina ◽  
I. B. Rozentsveig ◽  
G. F. Safina
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Germination Energy ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
High Germination ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
Term Storage

The article studies the chemical compounds of a number of protatranes as biostimulants of the germination of wheat and triticale seeds after their long-term storage. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to restore the germination of unique samples of grain crops from the collection of the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) (Saint Petersburg). The research objects were the seeds of different years of reproduction with various levels of original germination, as well as those with an initially high germination and subjected to accelerated aging. The experiments were conducted in the presence of the following physiologically active non-toxic protatranes 2-Me-C6H4OCH2COO- • HN+(CH2CH2OH)3 (1) and 4-Cl-C6H4SCH2COO-•HN+(CH2CH2OH)3 (2) across a wide range of concentrations (1•10-2 – 1•10-9M). At the first stage, the effect of protatrane 1 on the germination of soft spring wheat was investigated. It was observed that, under the influence of protatrane 1 at concentrations from 10-4 to 10-9 M, the seed germination and the germination energy increased by 8.7-20.0% and 4.7-8.0%, respectively. The use of protatrane 1 at higher concentrations (10-2M) resulted in a decrease in germination. Subsequently, experiments were carried out on 3 samples of soft winter wheat seeds stored for 52 years and having the germination of 19-26%. The 20-hour exposure of seeds to water solutions of protatrane 1 at concentrations of 5 • 10-7-10-9 M increased their germination by 3.7-10.0%. The best stimulating effect was achieved at a concentration of 5 • 10-7 M. At the next stage, the seeds with a high original germination (86-96%) and subjected to accelerated aging were investigated. The treatment of such samples with protatrane 1 at concentrations of 10-6 and 10-4 M turned out to be less effective: the germination and its energy either remained the same or increased insignificantly (by 3.5% and 7.5%, respectively). The treatment of triticale seeds with pro-tatranes 1 and 2 at a concentration of 5 • 10-7 M was carried out in a similar manner. It was shown that the action of protatranes 1 and 2 led to an increase in the germination by 3-7% and a significant increase in the germination energy by 7-45%. By further optimising the production process and selecting the most active protatranes, the described approach can provide for a significant recovery of seed germination.

Modelling of Moisture Movement in Wood during Outdoor Storage

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Baronas ◽  
F. Ivanauskas ◽  
I. Juodeikienė ◽  
A. Kajalavičius
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Finite Difference ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Moisture Movement ◽  
Finite Difference Technique ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Space Formulation ◽  
Term Storage

A model of moisture movement in wood is presented in this paper in a two-dimensional-in-space formulation. The finite-difference technique has been used in order to obtain the solution of the problem. The model was applied to predict the moisture content in sawn boards from pine during long term storage under outdoor climatic conditions. The satisfactory agreement between the numerical solution and experimental data was obtained.

Trehalose: a cryoprotectant that enhances recovery and preserves function of human pancreatic islets after long-term storage

Diabetes ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Beattie ◽  
J. H. Crowe ◽  
A. D. Lopez ◽  
V. Cirulli ◽  
C. Ricordi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Human Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Term Storage
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