Effect of Soybean Cyst Nematode on Fatty Acid Levels of Soybean Seed

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
P. R. Beuselinck
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Physiologic Maturity ◽  
Low Linolenic ◽  
The Impact

Growing soybean cyst nematode (SCN, Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) resistant varieties in fields infested with SCN can improve yield, but the impact of SCN on seed quality of lines with modified seed composition is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine if SCN resistant or susceptible rootstock influenced the composition of seed of soybean lines developed for desirable elevated levels of unsaturated fatty acids (FA). Five soybean lines with modified or normal levels of FA were Y-grafted to generate a 5-×-5 combination of plants with a SCN susceptible (SCNS) or resistant (SCNR) rootstock having a self-grafted branch, a scion (alien) grafted branch, or non-grafted branch; control plants were not grafted. In 2004 and 2005 plants were transplanted into blocks of Asgrow 3302 (SCNR) or Asgrow 3701 (SCNS) verified to be infested with SCN. Seeds were harvested at physiologic maturity (R8) in 2004 and 2005 and analyzed for five unsaturated FA. Differences in FA levels between 2004 and 2005 were significant (P < 0.05), but there were no significant (P = 0.05) block × year effects. Significant differences were observed between the FA levels of seed harvested from non-grafted control plants and self-grafted or non-grafted branches of grafted plants within lines. Seed oleic acid of the mid-oleic line S03-1379-2 was significantly greater when grafted onto an SCNR line than when grafted onto SCNS lines. The low linolenate trait appeared to be insensitive to SCN presence as seed linolenic acid of the low linolenic line IA-3017 was not different when grafted onto SCNR or SCNS lines. SCN can negatively impact the expression of seed quality of soybean if grown where SCN infestations are evident. Accepted for publication 8 September 2008. Published 3 November 2008.

Identification of novel haplotype of a cyst nematode resistance gene, GmSNAP18 in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ik-Young Choi ◽  
Prakash Basnet ◽  
Hana Yoo ◽  
Neha Samir Roy ◽  
Rahul Vasudeo Ramekar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Soybean Breeding ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Scn Resistance

Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) is one of the most damaging pest of soybean. Discovery and characterization of the genes involved in SCN resistance are important in soybean breeding. Soluble NSF attachment protein (SNAP) genes are related to SCN resistance in soybean. SNAP genes include five gene families, and 2 haplotypes of exons 6 and 9 of SNAP18 are considered resistant to the SCN. In present study the haplotypes of GmSNAP18 were surveyed and chacterized in a total of 60 diverse soybean genotypes including Korean cultivars, landraces, and wild-types. The target region of exons 6 and 9 in GmSNAP18 region was amplified and sequenced to examine nucleotide variation. Characterization of 5 haplotypes identified in present study for the GmSNAP18 gene revealed two haplotypes as resistant, 1 as susceptible and two as novel. A total of twelve genotypes showed resistant haplotypes, and 45 cultivars were found susceptible. Interestingly, the two novel haplotypes were present in 3 soybean lines. The information provided here about the haplotypic variation of GmSNAP18 gene can be further explored for soybean breeding to develop resistant varieties.

scholarly journals Improvement Growth, Yield, and Seed Quality of Pea Plants Using Glass Fertilizers and Bio-Fertilizers.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman G. Sayed ◽  
Mona A. Ouis
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
The Impact

Abstract A new glass fertilizer (GF) system of main composition 60P2O5.30K2O.3.5ZnO. 3.5MnO.3Fe2O3 was developed in response to the needs of pea plants with bio-fertilizers (Rhizobium leguminosarum. Bv.vicieae, Bacillus megaterium var phosphaticum, Bacillus circulans).GF was prepared by the traditional melt quenching technique at 1150°C. Characterization of prepared system was done using FTIR spectra before and after immersion in a simulated actual agriculture medium like 2% citric acid and distilled water. During two winter seasons, two successful field experiments were conducted at Cairo University's Eastern Farm to determine the impact of chemical, glass, and bio-fertilizers on plant growth, yield attributes, and seed quality of pea plant. Control treatment were without any addition of recommended chemical fertilizers and other treatments were full dose of recommended chemical fertilizers (100%RDF), glass fertilizers at rate 60 kg fed− 1, Glass fertilizers at rate30 kg fed− 1, 50% RDF ,100%RDF + bio-fertilizers, Glass fertilizers at rate 60 kg fed− 1 + bio-fertilizers, glass fertilizers at rate 30 kg fed− 1+ bio-fertilizers, 50%RDF + bio-fertilizers. Plots received 60 kg fed− 1 glass fertilizers + bio-fertilizers show the highest significant increment in plant growth, number and weight of pods plant− 1, number of grain pods− 1, grain yield, biological yield, P%, k% in pea leaves and quality of pea seeds compared with plots without any addition (control) in both seasons.

scholarly journals Improving Seed Quality of Soybean Suitable for Growing in Europe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Sudarić ◽  
Maja Matoša Kočar ◽  
Tomislav Duvnjak ◽  
Zvonimir Zdunić ◽  
Antonela Markulj Kulundžić
Keyword(s):  
Acid Composition ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Trade Deficit ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Future Production ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Insight Into

The potential of soybean for food, feed, and pharmaceutical industry arises from the composition of its seed. Since European countries import 95% of the annual demand for soybean grains, meal, and oil, causing an enormous trade deficit, the governments in Europe had started to introduce additional incentives to stimulate soybean cropping. To rebalance the sources of soybean supply in the future, production must be followed by continuous research to create varieties that would make European soybean more appealing to the processing industry and profitable enough to satisfy European farmers. This chapter is giving an overview of the European soybean seed quality research and an insight into soybean seed quality progress made at the Agricultural Institute Osijek, Croatia. The studies presented are mainly considering maturity groups suitable for growing in almost all European regions. The most important traits of soybean seed quality discussed are protein content and amino acid composition, oil content and fatty acid composition, soluble sugars, and isoflavones. Defining quality traits facilitates the parental selection in breeding programs aiming to improve the added value properties of final soybean products and enables the exchange of materials between different breeding and research institutions to introduce diversity, which is a prerequisite for genetic advance.

scholarly journals Quality of Harvested Seed Associated with Soybean Cultivars and Herbicides Under Weed-Free Conditions

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (9) ◽  
pp. 1036-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Bradley ◽  
G. L. Hartman ◽  
L. M. Wax ◽  
W. L. Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides ◽  
Field Plots

Different herbicides were applied to soybean plants in field plots planted to different soybean cultivars located at four locations in Illinois between 1997 and 2000. Treatments varied from hand weeded to preemergence herbicides to postemergence herbicides. Soybean seeds were harvested and evaluated for different seed quality parameters. The percentage of seeds infected with Phomopsis spp. ranged from 1 to 40%, and the percentage of seeds infected with Cercospora kikuchii was low, ranging from 0 to 4%. Herbicides had little or no effect on seed quality parameters such as percent germination and incidence of seed pathogens or on protein and oil concentrations. Soybean seed quality was affected by Phomopsis spp. in that there were significant (P ≤ 0.05) inverse correlations between Phomopsis spp. incidence and percentage seed germination. It appears that Phomopsis spp. may be a more prevalent seed pathogen than C. kikuchii for soybean fields in central to northern Illinois.

Effect of foliar application of growth activator, promoterand antioxidant on seed quality of soybean

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
P . Kuchlan ◽  
M. K. Kuchlan ◽  
S. M. Husain
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Seed Vigour ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Seed Health

Loss of seed quality in soybean is a serious problem in tropical and subtropical region. Foliar application of salicylic acid (SA), GA3 and acetyl salicylic acid (50 ppm) at seedling and pod filling stage, K2HPO4 (2%), a-tocopherol (100 ppm) at flowering and pod filling stage was done on soybean varieties – NRC 7 and JS 335. Foliar application of SA showed positive effect on seed yield, seed health, germination and seed vigour during storage. Plant height was significantly improved by the GA3 spray in both the varieties. Significantly higher seed yield was obtained with foliar spray of a-tocopherol. Application of SA was found effective to protect plants from various diseases to get quality seed. a-Tocopherol and K2HPO4 treatment significantly reduced MDA production in seeds. a-Tocopherol application increased super oxide dismutase activity as a result the lipid peroxidation of seed during storage was significantly reduced. Application of a-tocopherol, K2HPO4 and salicylic acid improved the storage or keeping quality of soybean seed.

scholarly journals Interactive effects of rice bran compost and chemical fertilizers on macronutrients, oil and protein content in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
M Alauddin ◽  
GM Mohsin ◽  
AHMZ Ali ◽  
MK Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Uptake Pattern ◽  
The Impact

A field experiment was conducted at the research farm of Charfasson Govt. College, Bhola, Bangladesh in rabi season in 2015-2016 to evaluate the impact of conjunctive use of chemical fertilizers with rice bran on concentration, uptake and seed quality of sunflower cv. BARI-2 (Keroni-2). The experiment was laid out in the randomized complete block design (RCBD) having sixteen treatments with three replications. The size of the plots were 3 m x 2 m. Treatments were T1 Control (- RB and -NPK), T2: 2.5 t RB ha-1, T3: 5.0 t RB ha-1,T4: 7.5 t RB ha-1, T5: N40P30K50 kg ha-1,T6: N80P60K100 kg ha-1, T7: N120P90K150 kg ha-1, T8: 2.5 t RB ha-1 + N40P30K50 kg ha-1, T9: 2.5 t RB ha-1 + N80P60K100 kg ha-1, T10: 2.5 t RB ha-1 + N120P90K150 kg ha-1, T11: 5.0 t RB ha-1 + N40P30K50 kg ha-1, T12: 5.0 t RB ha-1 + N80P60K100 kg ha-1, T13: 5.0 t RB ha-1 + N120P90K150 kg ha-1, T14: 7.5 t RB ha-1 + N40P30K50 kg ha-1, T15: 7.5 t RB ha-1 + N80P60K100 kg ha-1, T16: 7.5 t RB ha-1 + N120P90K150 kg ha-1. Results showed that the concentration, uptake and quality of seeds (oil and protein) of the crop increased with increasing rate of the amendments significantly (P<0.05) over the control and the variation between the treatments were also significant irrespective of the sources of amendments in most of the cases. Generally, combination of the treatments showed better performance than their individual application. Maximum values of NPKS concentration (%) in different organs of sunflower were 1.22, 0.35, 1.90, 0.18 for stem; 1.17, 0.35, 2.41, 0.16 for root; 3.98, 0.43, 4.28, 0.24 for leaf, 1.04, 0.65, 3.00, 0.22 for petiole; 2.16, 0.58, 2.21, 0.26 for inflorescence and 5.24, 0.83, 1.60, 0.47 for seed measured in treatments 5.0 t RB ha-1 + N120P90K150 kg ha-1 and 7.5 t RB ha-1 + N120P90K150 kg ha-1 in most of the cases. However, their uptake pattern also followed the same trend as in concentration and the highest values were found in those treatments in most of the cases. Significantly (P<0.05%) the highest content of oil (51.1%) in seed was measured in the treatment 5.0 t RB ha-1 + N120P90K150 kg ha-1 and protein (33.9%) was found in the treatment 5.0 t RB ha-1 +N80P60K100 kg ha-1. Their lowest values were found in control for oil and in 2.5 t RB ha-1 for protein, which was lower than control treatment. The overall findings of this study indicated that rice bran in combination with chemical fertilizers could be applied to achieve better concentration and uptake in different organs, oil and protein content in seeds of sunflower. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 10(2): 91-99, December 2020

scholarly journals The Effect of Potassium and Sulfur Fertilization on Seed Quality of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemysław Barłóg ◽  
Witold Grzebisz ◽  
Remigiusz Łukowiak
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
The Impact

Faba bean seeds are regarded as a highly valuable protein source for human and animal nutrition. High yield and quality of faba bean require adequate mineral nutrition. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of potassium (K) and elemental sulfur (S) on crude protein (CP) and tannin content (TC) in seeds, crude protein yield (CPY), and amino acid (AA) composition. Field trials were carried out during 2010–2013 in the temperate climate of Central Europe. The study assessed the influence of the following factors: variable soil K content and fertilization (K1, K2, K3, and K4) and elemental S application (0, 25, and 50 kg S ha−1). Plants were harvested at two growth stages to obtain immature seeds and mature seeds. K and S applications did not have a significant impact on CP and AA composition, including sulfur AA content. The TC decreased in response to increasing content of plant-available K in soil. In respect to CPY, the results indicate a positive response of faba bean to increasing K content in soil. The effect of S fertilization depended on the K treatment. The most beneficial influence of S on CPY was registered on K-poor soil.

scholarly journals Distribution and Virulence Phenotypes of Heterodera glycines in Missouri

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (8) ◽  
pp. 929-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Niblack ◽  
J. A. Wrather ◽  
R. D. Heinz ◽  
P. A. Donald
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Two Samples

The soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, is the most economically important pathogen of soybean in Missouri. Knowledge of the nematode's distribution and ability to adapt to resistant varieties is important for determining crop losses and establishing research priorities. No previous surveys of Missouri have provided reliable population density and phenotypic diversity data; therefore, we conducted a random survey to obtain both. Two samples from each of 200 fields were collected; 392 samples were processed for extractions of cysts and eggs. Two hundred and forty seven (63%) of the samples had detectable cyst nematode populations, which ranged from 15 to 149,700 eggs per 250 cm3 of soil. The lowest average population densities were observed in the east-central region of Missouri (2,260 eggs per 250 cm3 of soil), and the highest were observed in the northeast (9,238 eggs per 250 cm3 of soil), but among the eight regions sampled, mean population densities did not differ significantly. These population densities were potentially responsible for losses worth over $58 million in 1999 in Missouri. Race tests were conducted on populations from 183 samples. In order of frequency, races 3, 1, and 2 accounted for 86% of H. glycines populations. Nearly 60% of the populations were virulent (able to produce females) on plant introduction (PI) 88788, which is the source of resistance for most H. glycines-resistant cultivars. More than a third of the populations were virulent on cv. Peking, another common resistance source. Very few populations were virulent on PI 90763 or PI 437654, suggesting that these sources of resistance should be exploited more frequently.

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