scholarly journals Predicting range-shift success potential for tropical marine fishes using external morphology

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 20160505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannen M. Smith ◽  
Rebecca J. Fox ◽  
Jennifer M. Donelson ◽  
Megan L. Head ◽  
David J. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Range Shift ◽  
Tropical Fish ◽  
Range Shifts ◽  
Native Community ◽  
The Family ◽  
Moorish Idol ◽  
New Habitats

With global change accelerating the rate of species' range shifts, predicting which are most likely to establish viable populations in their new habitats is key to understanding how biological systems will respond. Annually, in Australia, tropical fish larvae from the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) are transported south via the East Australian Current (EAC), settling into temperate coastal habitats for the summer period, before experiencing near-100% mortality in winter. However, within 10 years, predicted winter ocean temperatures for the southeast coast of Australia will remain high enough for more of these so-called ‘tropical vagrants’ to survive over winter. We used a method of morphological niche analysis, previously shown to be an effective predictor of invasion success by fishes, to project which vagrants have the greatest likelihood of undergoing successful range shifts under these new climatic conditions. We find that species from the family of butterflyfishes (Chaetodontidae), and the moorish idol, Zanclus cornutus , are most likely to be able to exploit new niches within the ecosystem once physiological barriers to overwintering by tropical vagrant species are removed. Overall, the position of vagrants within the morphospace was strongly skewed, suggesting that impending competitive pressures may impact disproportionately on particular parts of the native community.

Systemic range shift lags among a pollinator species assemblage following rapid climate change1This article is part of a Special Issue entitled “Pollination biology research in Canada: Perspectives on a mutualism at different scales”.

Botany ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (7) ◽  
pp. 587-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicity E. Bedford ◽  
Robert J. Whittaker ◽  
Jeremy T. Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Range Shift ◽  
Range Shifts ◽  
Geographical Range ◽  
Large Species ◽  
Species Assemblage ◽  
Mobile Species ◽  
Recent Climate ◽  
Winter Temperatures

Contemporary climate change is driving widespread geographical range shifts among many species. If species are tracking changing climate successfully, then leading populations should experience similar climatic conditions through time as new populations establish beyond historical range margins. Here, we investigate geographical range shifts relative to changing climatic conditions among a particularly well-sampled assemblage of butterflies in Canada. We assembled observations of 81 species and measured their latitudinal displacement between two periods: 1960–1975 (a period of little climate change) and 1990–2005 (a period with large climate change). We find an unexpected trend for species’ northern borders to shift progressively less relative to increasing minimum winter temperatures in northern Canada. This study demonstrates a novel, systemic latitudinal gradient in lags among a large species assemblage in responses to recent climate change. Even among the most mobile species and without anthropogenic barriers to dispersal, these pollinators have been unable to extend their ranges as fast as required to keep pace with climate change.

Isolation, morphometry, and culture of Colurella sp. (Rotifera: Ploimida)

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Petrus P Letsoin ◽  
Henneke Pangkey ◽  
Julius Sampekalo ◽  
Inneke F.M Rumengan ◽  
Stenly Wullur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Marine Fish ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Nannochloropsis Oculata ◽  
Tropical Fish ◽  
Sampling Location ◽  
Larval Rearing ◽  
Brachionus Rotundiformis ◽  
Marine Fish Larvae ◽  
Significant Difference

The rotifer Brachionus rotundiformis (total body length 240.59±10.24 μm, lorica length 175.28±9.18 μm, and lorica width 124.28±7.76μm) is commonly used as starter food in the larval rearing of marine fish. But, larvae of some marine tropical fish species required starter food with body size smaller than B. rotundiformis. The present study was aimed to isolate minute rotifers from nature and to assess the possibility of culturing these rotifers. Sampling of rotifers was conducted in an estuary of Mangket (Kema-Minut), using plankton net (mesh size 40 µm). A trial of culturing the rotifers was conducted at salinities of 10, 20 and 30 ppt by using a microalga, Nannochloropsis oculata. A species of rotifer identified as Colurella sp. (family Lepadellidae) was successfully isolated from the sampling location. Body size of Colurella sp. was extremely small (Total length 123.22±5.45 μm, lorica length 95.96±3.81 μm, and lorica width 53.57±3.11 μm), which were smaller than Brachionus rotundiformis SS-type as a conventional starter food for marine fish larvae.  Results of culturing the minute rotifer Colurella sp. showed that the species grew well at salinities of 10, 20 and 30 ppt with no significant difference among treatments (ANOVA, p>0.05), indicating a potential use of minute rotifer Colurellasp. as starter food for marine fish larvae. Rotifera Branchionus rotundiformis (ukuran tubuh: panjang total 240,59±10,24 μm, panjang lorika 175,28±9,18 μm, dan lebar lorika 124,28±7,76μm) sering digunakan sebagai pakan awal pemeliharaan larva ikan laut. Namun, larva beberapa spesis ikan laut tropis membutuhkan pakan awal berukuran tubuh lebih kecil dari Branchionus rotundiformis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan minute rotifer dari alam (berukuran tubuh lebih kecil dari B. rotundiformis) dan menguji kemungkinan pemeliharaannya. Sampling rotifer dilakukan di perairan estuari Desa Mangket (Kema-Minut), menggunakan plankton net (ukuran mata jaring 40 µm). Uji coba pemeliharaan dilakukan pada salinitas (10, 20, dan 30 ppt) dengan menggunakan Nannochloropsis oculata. Satu spesies minute rotifer yang teridentifikasi sebagai Colurella sp. (family Lepadellidae) berhasil diisolasi dari lokasi sampling. Colurella sp. memiliki ukuran tubuh sangat kecil (panjang total [PT] 123,22±5,45 µm, panjang lorika [PL] 95,96±3,81 µm, dan lebar lorik [LL] 53,57±3,11 µm) yang mana lebih kecil dari Branchionus rotundiformis tipe-SS sebagai pakan awal larva ikan laut. Hasil uji coba pemeliharaan minute rotifer Colurella sp. menunjukkan bahwa spesis ini dapat tumbuh pada salinitas 10, 20, dan 30 ppt dengan perbedaan kepadatan populasi yang tidak signifikan antar perlakuan (Uji ANOVA, p > 0.05) mengindikasikan potensi pemanfaatan minute rotifer Colurella sp. sebagai pakan awal larva ikan laut.

scholarly journals Predispersal home range shift of an ocelot Leopardus pardalis (Carnivora: Felidae) on Barro Colorado Island, Panama

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Mares ◽  
Ricardo S. Moreno ◽  
Roland W. Kays ◽  
Martin Wikelski
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Radio Telemetry ◽  
Barro Colorado Island ◽  
Range Shift ◽  
Range Shifts ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Subadult Male ◽  
Leopardus Pardalis ◽  
Natal Home

Home range shifts prior to natal dispersal have been rarely documented, yet the events that lead a subadult to abandon a portion of its home range and venture into unfamiliar territories, before eventually setting off to look for a site to reproduce, are probably related to the causes of dispersal itself. Here, we used a combination of manual radio-tracking and an Automated Radio Telemetry System to continuously study the movements of a subadult male ocelot (Leopardus pardalis), a solitary carnivore with sex-biased dispersal, on Barro Colorado Island, Panama, for 18 months from May 2003 through October 2004. The subadult ocelot?s parents were also radio-tracked to record possible parent-offspring interactions within their home ranges. At the age of ca. 21 months the subadult gradually began to shift its natal home range, establishing a new one used until the end of the study, in an area that had previously been used by another dispersing subadult male. Only three parent-offspring interactions were recorded during the four months around the time the range-shift occurred. The apparent peaceful nature of these encounters, along with the slow transition out of a portion of his natal home range, suggest the subadult was not evicted from his natal area by his parents. The timing of the shift, along with the subadult?s increase in weight into the weight range of adult ocelots four months after establishing the new territory, suggests that predispersal home range shifts could act as a low risk and opportunistic strategy for reaching adult size, while minimizing competition with parents and siblings, in preparation for an eventual dispersal into a new breeding territory.

scholarly journals DNA screening of Drosophila suzukii predators in berry field orchards shows new predatory taxonomical groups

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249673
Author(s):  
Sara Sario ◽  
Conceição Santos ◽  
Fátima Gonçalves ◽  
Laura Torres
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Gut Content ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Potential Predator ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Time ◽  
South Europe ◽  
New Habitats

Drosophila suzukii (spotted wing drosophila, SWD) is a pandemic quarantine pest that attacks mostly red fruits. The high number of life cycles per year, its ability to rapidly invade and spread across new habitats, and highly polyphagous nature, makes this a particularly aggressive invasive species, for which efficient control methods are currently lacking. The use of native natural predators is particularly promising to anchor sustainable and efficient measures to control SWD. While several field studies have suggested the presence of potential predatory species in infested orchards, only a few confirmed the presence of SWD DNA in predators’ gut content. Here, we use a DNA-based approach to identify SWD predators among the arthropod diversity in South Europe, by examining the gut content of potential predator specimens collected in SWD-infested berry fields in North Portugal. These specimens were morphologically identified to the family/order, and their gut content was screened for the presence of SWD DNA using PCR. New SWD predatory taxonomical groups were identified, as Opiliones and Hemerobiidae, in addition to known SWD predators, such as Hemerobiidae, Chrysopidae, Miridae, Carabidae, Formicidae and Araneae. Additionally, the presence of a spider family, Uloboridae, in the orchards was recorded for the first time, posing this family as another SWD-candidate predator. This study sets important bases to further investigate the potential large-scale use of some of these confirmed predator taxa for SWD control in South Europe.

ETHNOBOTANICAL RESEARCH OF THE PERSPECTIVE MEDICINAL PLANT OFCISTANCHE SALSA (С.А. МEY.) G. BECK

Vestnik ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 252-255
Author(s):  
Д.К. Айдарбаев ◽  
А.Ж. Жарқынбек
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
Research Recommendations

В статье рассматриваются биологические и экологические особенности цистанхе, а также предусматривается этноботанические исследования, рекомендации по рациональному использованию. Выявлены некоторые значения Cistanchе, которое произрастает в Казахстане. Определена область использования в народной медицине цистанхе из семейства Orobanchaceae. В исследовании показана роль цистанхе, как растения с широким спектром фармакологических свойств. Проведен анализ маршрутно-рекогносцировочных исследований популяции цистанхе, определены распределение, запасы и объемы ежегодных заготовок по основным расположенным флористическим районам. Проведен расчет среднего суммарного объема заготовок сырья, собранных в Прибалхашье Алматинской области. В настоящее время в результате глобального потепления климатические условия меняются, и многие виды растений вымирают. Поэтому защита и эффективное использование растений является одной из самых актуальных проблем. Также важно изучить цистанхе, используемый в народной медицине как лекарственное растение. The article discusses the biological and ecological features of cistanche, as well as provides for ethnobotanical research, recommendations for rational use. Some values of Cistanche, which grows in Kazakhstan, are revealed. The scope of use in folk medicine of cistanha from the family Orobanchaceae is determined. The study shows the role of cistanche as a plant with a wide range of pharmacological properties. Conducted analysis of route-reconnaissance studies of cisterna populations, determined the distribution, stock and volumes of annual preparations for the main floristic areas. Calculated the average total volume of raw materials collected in the Balkhash region of Almaty region. As a result of global warming, climatic conditions are changing and many plant species are dying. Therefore, the protection and efficient use of plants is one of the most pressing problems. It is also important to study the tanks used in folk medicine as a medicinal plant.

An alternative method for the preservation of tropical fish larvae

2006 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 634-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gagliano ◽  
S. Kowalewsky ◽  
M. I. McCormick
Keyword(s):  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Tropical Fish ◽  
Alternative Method

scholarly journals Composition, biological properties and therapeutic effects of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia L). A review

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Prusinowska ◽  
Krzysztof B. Śmigielski
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Lavandula Angustifolia ◽  
The Family ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) is a shrub of the family Lamiaceae, native to the Mediterranean region. The material used for herbal purposes includes lavender flowers (Lavandula flores) containing essential oil (3%), anthocyanins, phytosterols, sugars, minerals, and tannins. The qualitative and quantitative composition of the essential oil of lavender is variable and depends on genotype, growing location, climatic conditions, propagation, and morphological features. The essential oil contains over 300 chemical compounds. The dominant components are linalool, linalyl acetate, terpinen-4-ol, acetate lavandulol, oci-mene, and cineole. Lavender essential oil has good antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and a significant positive effect on the digestive and nervous systems. Lavender extract prevents dementia and may inhibit the growth of cancer cells, while lavender hydrolate is recommended for the treatment of skin problems and burns.

Temporal patterns in distributions of tropical fish larvae on the North West Shelf of Australia

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 473 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sampey ◽  
M. G. Meekan ◽  
J. H. Carleton ◽  
A. D. McKinnon ◽  
M. I. McCormick
Keyword(s):  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Zooplankton Biomass ◽  
Tropical Fish ◽  
North West ◽  
Larval Fishes ◽  
The North ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

Information on the temporal distributions of tropical fish larvae is scarce. Early stage larval fishes were sampled using towed bongo plankton nets at sites on the southern North West Shelf of Australia (21°49′S, 114°14′E), between October and February of 1997/98 and 1998/99. The first summer was characterised by El Niño–Southern Oscillation-driven upwelling and high primary productivity, whereas in the second summer water temperatures were warmer and primary production was lower. Benthic percoid shorefishes dominated surface assemblages in both summers and this pattern may be typical of tropical shelf environments.The abundance and diversity of larval fishes were lowest in October and increased from November through to February. Assemblages displayed weak cross-shelf patterns, with a few taxa being more abundant at inshore sites (e.g. monacanthids), whereas others were more abundant offshore (e.g. scombrids). Although the composition of assemblages remained relatively consistent, many taxa (e.g. pomacentrids and carangids) showed differences in abundance between summers. Multivariate analyses found no relationships between abundance patterns of larval fishes and biophysical variables, such as temperature, salinity, and zooplankton biomass. Thus, seasonal changes in abundance may reflect differences in the spawning activities of adult fishes and/or larval survival.

scholarly journals A fully resolved backbone phylogeny reveals numerous dispersals and explosive diversifications throughout the history of Asteraceae

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (28) ◽  
pp. 14083-14088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer R. Mandel ◽  
Rebecca B. Dikow ◽  
Carolina M. Siniscalchi ◽  
Ramhari Thapa ◽  
Linda E. Watson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Range Shift ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
Biogeographic Patterns ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Flowering Plant Species ◽  
Patterns And Processes

The sunflower family, Asteraceae, comprises 10% of all flowering plant species and displays an incredible diversity of form. Asteraceae are clearly monophyletic, yet resolving phylogenetic relationships within the family has proven difficult, hindering our ability to understand its origin and diversification. Recent molecular clock dating has suggested a Cretaceous origin, but the lack of deep sampling of many genes and representative taxa from across the family has impeded the resolution of migration routes and diversifications that led to its global distribution and tremendous diversity. Here we use genomic data from 256 terminals to estimate evolutionary relationships, timing of diversification(s), and biogeographic patterns. Our study places the origin of Asteraceae at ∼83 MYA in the late Cretaceous and reveals that the family underwent a series of explosive radiations during the Eocene which were accompanied by accelerations in diversification rates. The lineages that gave rise to nearly 95% of extant species originated and began diversifying during the middle Eocene, coincident with the ensuing marked cooling during this period. Phylogenetic and biogeographic analyses support a South American origin of the family with subsequent dispersals into North America and then to Asia and Africa, later followed by multiple worldwide dispersals in many directions. The rapid mid-Eocene diversification is aligned with the biogeographic range shift to Africa where many of the modern-day tribes appear to have originated. Our robust phylogeny provides a framework for future studies aimed at understanding the role of the macroevolutionary patterns and processes that generated the enormous species diversity of Asteraceae.

Widespread polyploid forms off Lumbricillus lineatus (Müller) (Enchytraeidae: Oligochaeta): comments on polyploidism in the enchytraeids

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 1727-1734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn A. Coates
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Global Distribution ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
The Family ◽  
Ecological Breadth ◽  
New Habitats

Studies of a small fresh collection of the marine intertidal enchytraeid oligochaete Lumbricillus lineatus (Müller) and taxonomic collections from 27 additional locations in Europe, Canada, and Australia reveal the presence of morphotypes corresponding to parthenogenetic autopolyploid forms, triploid, tetraploid, and pentaploid, of the species in all the regions represented by the collections. The extension of the range of these cytotypes from Europe to a virtually global distribution raises questions about the significance of parthenogenesis and polyploidism to their invasion of new habitats. Differences in reproduction rates and the ecological breadth of the different ploidy levels are not known. The geographical distribution and abundance of polyploids of L. lineatus, in themselves, do not provide conclusive evidence for the repeated origins of polyploids within the species, but strongly suggest that possibility. General theories link evolutionary polyploidy among animals with parthenogenesis, as seen in the polyploid forms of L. lineatus. However, polyploidism combined with out-crossing underlies the present taxonomic diversity of the family Enchytraeidae.

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