scholarly journals The impact of incorrect social information on collective wisdom in human groups

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (170) ◽  
pp. 20200496
Author(s):  
Bertrand Jayles ◽  
Ramón Escobedo ◽  
Stéphane Cezera ◽  
Adrien Blanchet ◽  
Tatsuya Kameda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Group Performance ◽  
Social Information ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Collective Wisdom ◽  
The Social ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Incorrect Information

A major problem resulting from the massive use of social media is the potential spread of incorrect information. Yet, very few studies have investigated the impact of incorrect information on individual and collective decisions. We performed experiments in which participants had to estimate a series of quantities, before and after receiving social information. Unbeknownst to them, we controlled the degree of inaccuracy of the social information through ‘virtual influencers’, who provided some incorrect information. We find that a large proportion of individuals only partially follow the social information, thus resisting incorrect information. Moreover, incorrect information can help improve group performance more than correct information, when going against a human underestimation bias. We then design a computational model whose predictions are in good agreement with the empirical data, and sheds light on the mechanisms underlying our results. Besides these main findings, we demonstrate that the dispersion of estimates varies a lot between quantities, and must thus be considered when normalizing and aggregating estimates of quantities that are very different in nature. Overall, our results suggest that incorrect information does not necessarily impair the collective wisdom of groups, and can even be used to dampen the negative effects of known cognitive biases.

scholarly journals The impact of incorrect social information on collective wisdom in human groups

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Theraulaz ◽  
Bertrand Jayles ◽  
Ramon Escobedo ◽  
Stéphane Cezera ◽  
Adrien Blanchet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Social Information ◽  
Collective Wisdom ◽  
Social Media Networks ◽  
True Value ◽  
The Social ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Incorrect Information

A major problem that results from the massive use of social media networks is the possible spread of incorrect information. However, very few studies have investigated the impact of incorrect information on individual and collective decisions. We performed experiments in which participants had to estimate a series of quantities before and after receiving social information. Unbeknownst to them, we controlled the degree of inaccuracy of the social information through “virtual influencers”, who provided some incorrect information. We find that a large proportion of individuals only partially follow the social information, thus resisting incorrect information. Moreover, we find that incorrect social information can help a group perform better when it overestimates the true value, by partly compensating a human underestimation bias. Overall, our results suggest that incorrect information does not necessarily impair the collective wisdom of groups, and can even be used to dampen the negative e↵ects of known cognitive biases.

scholarly journals Crowd control: Reducing individual estimation bias by sharing biased social information

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. e1009590
Author(s):  
Bertrand Jayles ◽  
Clément Sire ◽  
Ralf H. J. M. Kurvers
Keyword(s):  
Social Influence ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Social Information ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
True Value ◽  
Crowd Control ◽  
Human Tendency ◽  
The Impact

Cognitive biases are widespread in humans and animals alike, and can sometimes be reinforced by social interactions. One prime bias in judgment and decision-making is the human tendency to underestimate large quantities. Previous research on social influence in estimation tasks has generally focused on the impact of single estimates on individual and collective accuracy, showing that randomly sharing estimates does not reduce the underestimation bias. Here, we test a method of social information sharing that exploits the known relationship between the true value and the level of underestimation, and study if it can counteract the underestimation bias. We performed estimation experiments in which participants had to estimate a series of quantities twice, before and after receiving estimates from one or several group members. Our purpose was threefold: to study (i) whether restructuring the sharing of social information can reduce the underestimation bias, (ii) how the number of estimates received affects the sensitivity to social influence and estimation accuracy, and (iii) the mechanisms underlying the integration of multiple estimates. Our restructuring of social interactions successfully countered the underestimation bias. Moreover, we find that sharing more than one estimate also reduces the underestimation bias. Underlying our results are a human tendency to herd, to trust larger estimates than one’s own more than smaller estimates, and to follow disparate social information less. Using a computational modeling approach, we demonstrate that these effects are indeed key to explain the experimental results. Overall, our results show that existing knowledge on biases can be used to dampen their negative effects and boost judgment accuracy, paving the way for combating other cognitive biases threatening collective systems.

Impact of Social Media on Teenagers: Nigerian Experience

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Akintola Ismail ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
P Value ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
The Impact

The paper investigated impact of social media on teenagers, using Abuja as the study area. Specifically, the study: find out the various social media platforms mostly used by the teenagers in Nigeria; ascertain the means that teenagers use in accessing the social media; ascertain the motivating interests to social media exposure; find out the specific areas of their use of the social media; and find out the impact of the social media on the lifestyles of the teenagers. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data from secondary school teenagers who were between age 13 and 19 years. The data obtained were subjected to descriptive statistics and inferential statistical analysis, and were and presented in tables that contain frequencies and percentages, while the research hypothesis was tested with Chi-square statistic (χ2 ). The result of the hypothesis testing revealed that the use of social media has a significant impact on teenagers’ lifestyle. (α=0.05,χ2 =0.344, p-value=0.002). This study viewed the impacts of social media and how the social media influence teenagers in their lifestyle and learning behavior. Even though it creates negative impacts on teenagers, we cannot think of a world without social media today. The paper recommended the use of corrective and preventive measures towards the negative effects and teenagers should be well educated and must have proper awareness regarding such problems of Social media.

scholarly journals Debiasing the crowd: how to select social information for improving collective judgments?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertrand Jayles ◽  
Ralf Kurvers
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Social Information ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
True Value ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Human Tendency ◽  
Group Members

Cognitive biases are wide spread in humans and animals alike, and can impair the quality of collectivejudgments and decisions. One such prime bias in judgment is the human tendency to underestimate largequantities. Former research on social influence in estimation tasks has generally focused on the impactof single estimates on individual and collective judgments, showing that randomly sharing estimates doesnot reduce the underestimation bias. Here we test a method of social information sharing that exploits theknown relationship between the true value and the level of underestimation, and study if it can counteractthe underestimation bias. We performed estimation experiments in which participants had to estimate aseries of quantities twice, before and after receiving estimates from one or several group members. Ourpurpose was threefold: to study (i) whether restructuring the sharing of social information can reducethe underestimation bias, (ii) how the number of estimates received affects improvement in accuracy,and (iii) the mechanisms underlying the integration of multiple estimates. Our restructuring of socialinteractions was successful and substantially boosted collective accuracy, countering the underestimationbias. Moreover, we find that sharing more than one estimate also reduces the underestimation bias.Underlying our results are a human tendency to herd, to trust larger estimates than one’s own morethan smaller estimates, and to follow disparate social information less. Using a computational modelingapproach, we demonstrate that these effects are indeed key to explain the experimental results. We usethe model to explore the conditions under which estimation accuracy can be improved further. Overall,our results show that existing knowledge on biases can be used to dampen their negative effects and boostjudgment accuracy, paving the way for combating other cognitive biases threatening collective systems.

The Impact of War on Population Health

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Turkan Ahmet
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Physical Environments ◽  
The Social ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
The Impact

The past few decades of ongoing war in Iraq has had a dramatic impact on the health of Iraq’s population. Wars are known to have negative effects on the social and physical environments of individuals, as well as limit their access to the available health care services. This paper explores the personal experiences of my family members, who were exposed to war, as well as includes information that has been reviewed form many academic sources. The data aided in providing recommendations and developing strategies, on both local and international levels, to improve the health status of the populations exposed to war.

Conversations About Opioids: Impact of the Opioid Overdose Epidemic on Social Interactions for People Who Live With Chronic Pain

2021 ◽  
pp. 104973232110030
Author(s):  
Lise Dassieu ◽  
Angela Heino ◽  
Élise Develay ◽  
Jean-Luc Kaboré ◽  
M. Gabrielle Pagé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Opioid Overdose ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Self Advocacy ◽  
Social Lives ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Depth Interviews

The objective of this study was to understand the impact of the opioid overdose epidemic on the social lives of people suffering from chronic pain, focusing on interactions within their personal and professional circles. The study was based on 22 in-depth interviews with people living with chronic pain in Canada. Using thematic analysis, we documented three main impacts of the opioid overdose epidemic: (a) increased worries of people in pain and their families regarding the dangers of opioids; (b) prejudices, stigma, and discrimination faced during conversations about opioids; and (c) stigma management attempts, which include self-advocacy and concealment of opioid use. This study represents important knowledge advancement on how people manage stigma and communicate about chronic disease during everyday life interactions. By showing negative effects of the epidemic’s media coverage on the social experiences of people with chronic pain, we underscore needs for destigmatizing approaches in public communication regarding opioids.

Mobile Business Effects on Employees' Social Life

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Husam Alfahl
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Work Family Conflict ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Mobile Business ◽  
Business Services ◽  
Work Related ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

The use of mobile devices and smartphones is increasingly becoming a critical part of many people’s lifestyle. Such usage can vary from playing games to accomplishing work-related tasks. Being able to use organizations’ persuasive technologies via mobile business services or to achieve work-related tasks ubiquitously at any time means that such devices provide a valuable service, especially for employees who are working online. This paper explores the impact of mBusiness on the social life of employees. In the research, structural equation modeling was applied to validate the research model. Employees in Saudi organizations were surveyed to test the research hypotheses. The research results confirmed that there are some negative effects of using mBusiness technologies on the social life of employees. Based on the analysis, the findings revealed that addiction to mBusiness technologies significantly increases the perceived work overload, which also significantly increases work-family conflict. The paper concludes with some implications of this research.

scholarly journals The Impact of Corporate Sustainability Index on BIST Sustainability Index

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-390
Author(s):  
Luan VARDARI ◽  
Rrezarta GASHI ◽  
Hana GASHI AHMETI
Keyword(s):  
Stock Returns ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Corporate Sustainability ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Sustainability Index ◽  
Important Benefit ◽  
The Social ◽  
Context Data ◽  
The Impact

Mass production, which started with the industrial revolution, caused both the unconscious consumption of the resources and the damages to the ecological system after the production. In this respect, the concept of sustainability, which is one of the most important conception of responsibility, is gradually gaining value in terms of protecting resources and transferring them to future generations. (Mori and Christodoulou, 2012: 94-106). Sustainability In the first place, it has started to be used mostly in the management of natural resources; later, it was used in different fields such as sectoral practices and energy tourism (Diaz - Baltciro, Voces, Romero, 2011: 761-773). Today, the expectations of the society from the enterprises have changed compared to the past. These changing expectations lead businesses to new searches. The most important concept that guides these quests is to be sustainable. The concept of sustainability for enterprises gains a new dimension in the form of corporate sustainability”. For corporate sustainability, it is possible for organizations to achieve individual results only to a certain extent. Because companies are affected to a great extent by all kinds of economic, social and even cultural formations occurring in their environment (Kuşat, 2012: 238). The most important benefit of sustainability indices is that it leads to improvements in transparency without the need for regulations, better understanding of the social and environmental impacts of companies and guiding them to reduce the negative effects of company activities. The BIST Index serves as a guide for companies on what to measure, what needs to be developed and what can be explained. Thus, it creates opportunities for companies to see social and environmental risks and opportunities and to manage their sustainability performances correctly. The index, on the other hand, provides information to investors and the community about the sustainability performance of companies. The aim of this study is whether the BIST Sustainable Index makes a difference for companies compared to BIST 100. "Does the BIST Sustainability Index really make a difference?" will be examined. In this context, data between 2014-2018 of BIST Sustainability and BIST 100 index will be examined. Based on the results obtained in the study, it shows that there is no strong evidence of the impact of inclusion in the BIST Sustainability Index on the stock returns of companies. At the same time, the BIST Sustainability Index has been shown to have similar returns to the BIST 100 Index. Key Words: Sustainability Index, BIST, Corporate.

HuDA_COVID Human Disposition Analysis during COVID-19 using Machine Learning

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Mass Survey ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Methodical Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

Coronavirus has greatly impacted various aspects of human life, including human psychology & human disposition. In this paper, we attempted to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on human health. We propose Human Disposition Analysis during COVID-19 using machine learning (HuDA_COVID), where factors such as age, employment, addiction, stress level are studied for human disposition analysis. A mass survey is conducted on individuals of various age groups, regions & professions, and the methodology achieved varied accuracy ranges of 87.5% to 98%. The study shows people are worried about lockdown, work & relationships. Furthermore, 23% of the respondents have not had any effect. 45% and 32% have had positive and negative effects, respectively. It is a novel study in human disposition analysis in COVID-19 where a novel weighted assignment indicating the health status is also proposed. HuDA_COVID clearly indicates a need for a methodical approach towards the human psychological needs to help the social organizations formulating holistic interventions for affected individuals.

The Impact of Social Media on Children

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Tuncay Dilci ◽  
Anıl Kadir Eranıl
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Great Power ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Training

This chapter examines the impacts of social media on children. Advantages and disadvantages of social media are always available. Positive aspects of social media include allowing children to be brought up as multicultural individuals, enabling education and training environments to design for purposes, using as the main or supplementary source of education, a great power in creating and sharing information. Its negative aspects include leading to a reduction of their academic, social, and cognitive skills in the early periods when children were exposed to the social media, causing the children to develop obesity, mostly bringing up as consumption-centered individuals, perceive the world as a screenshot, and have low critical, creative, and reflective thinking skills. Therefore, one of the most important tasks undertaken to reduce or eliminate the negative effects is to raise and educate media-literate individuals.

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