scholarly journals Social networks predict selective observation and information spread in ravens

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 160256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ipek G. Kulahci ◽  
Daniel I. Rubenstein ◽  
Thomas Bugnyar ◽  
William Hoppitt ◽  
Nace Mikus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Rank ◽  
Interaction Network ◽  
Social Connections ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Aggressive Interactions ◽  
Diffusion Analysis ◽  
Observation Network ◽  
Transmission Of Information ◽  
Group Member

Animals are predicted to selectively observe and learn from the conspecifics with whom they share social connections. Yet, hardly anything is known about the role of different connections in observation and learning. To address the relationships between social connections, observation and learning, we investigated transmission of information in two raven ( Corvus corax ) groups. First, we quantified social connections in each group by constructing networks on affiliative interactions, aggressive interactions and proximity. We then seeded novel information by training one group member on a novel task and allowing others to observe. In each group, an observation network based on who observed whose task-solving behaviour was strongly correlated with networks based on affiliative interactions and proximity. Ravens with high social centrality (strength, eigenvector, information centrality) in the affiliative interaction network were also central in the observation network, possibly as a result of solving the task sooner. Network-based diffusion analysis revealed that the order that ravens first solved the task was best predicted by connections in the affiliative interaction network in a group of subadult ravens, and by social rank and kinship (which influenced affiliative interactions) in a group of juvenile ravens. Our results demonstrate that not all social connections are equally effective at predicting the patterns of selective observation and information transmission.

scholarly journals Methylation and Expression of the Exercise-Related TLR1 Gene Is Associated With Low Grade Glioma Prognosis and Outcome

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lichun Lu ◽  
Yifang Hu ◽  
Chen Wang ◽  
Feng Jiang ◽  
Chuyan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cell ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Interaction Network ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Low Grade Glioma ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Related Gene

Background: Exercise improves function, reduces disability, maintains independence, and improves quality of life for low-grade glioma (LGG) patients. Exercise can also improve the effectiveness of cancer treatment. The goal of this research was to find potential exercise related genes that may be used to predict exercise levels and may be used as a biomarker for cancer outcomes.Methods: The GSE111551 database was thoroughly examined in this research, and the resulting conclusion of exercise-related genes was reached. The protein interaction network (PPI) was used to examine the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Then the exercise-related gene TLR1 was chosen. The expression, methylation degree, prognosis, and immune relevance of TLR1 were investigated using bioinformatics. In addition, we verified the role of TLR1 in Glioma cell lines.Results: LGG patients with reduced TLR1 expression and hypermethylation had a better overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS), using the TCGA database. Low TLR1 expression and hypermethylation of TLR1 were found to be independent biomarkers for OS using Cox regression. Furthermore, the CGGA database was used to confirm the prognostic function of TLR1 in this cancer. Finally, most methylation sites of TLR1 were strongly correlated with immune infiltration and immune checkpoint. Then, reducing TLR1 expression substantially slowed the cell cycle and decreased LGG cell proliferation, emigration, and infiltration in vitro.Conclusions: Exercise-related gene TLR1 has the potential to be a useful prognostic biomarker, and it is thought to be involved in immune cell infiltration and immunotherapy in LGG.

The role of personality traits in initiating and maintaining addictive behavior

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S307-S307
Author(s):  
M. Manea ◽  
B. Savu
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Psychiatric Clinic ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Addictive Disorder ◽  
Substance Disorders ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionIt is well known that certain personality traits are more linked to drug abuse than others. Psychiatrists are more likely to emphasize the importance of impulsivity in the connection with substance disorders but in the following study we found an important percentage of patients that have a substance abuse were linked to anxiety through impulsiveness as a personality trait.ObjectivesMost youths admitted for a substance abuse are highly impulsive. Our quest was to differentiate what component of impulsivity was more frequently linked to a substance use disorder.MethodsIn the study were included 50 patients admitted in the 3rd Psychiatric Clinic, Substance Dependences Department, Cluj-Napoca. For the identification of the drug abused we used the multitest screening kit in correlation with the results from the Forensic Medicine Institute of Cluj-Napoca. Each patient completed the Barratt Impulsivity Scale and the Swedish Universities Scales of Personality.ResultsHigh scores on BIS-11 strongly correlated with attentional impulsiveness (Pearson's r correlation = .838) which means high inattention and cognitive instability this being linked with anxiety disorders. Cognitive Instability was correlated with Psychic Trait Anxiety (r = 0.29) and Motor Impulsiveness with Somatic Trait Anxiety (r = 0.3). Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE.ConclusionsThe underrecognized anxiety disorders in young adults whom are admitted for an addictive disorder prefrontal cortex is known to be the source of both impulsivity and could be linked to anxiety as well (valence asymmetry hypothesis). Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Variation in the morphology and flowering time of cluster clover (Trifolium glomeratum L.) and its relationship to distribution in southern Australia

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
FP Smith ◽  
PS Cocks ◽  
MA Ewing
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Summer Maximum ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
Pattern Of Variation ◽  
Growth Habits

Cluster clover is a widely distributed and ecologically successful introduced legume in southern Australia. In an attempt to understand the role of genetic variation in this success, morphological and physiological traits were measured in 94 accessions from southern Australia and 6 from the Mediterranean basin. Flowering time ranged from 105 to 185 days after sowing, but was not strongly correlated with annual rainfall or length of growing season at the site of collection. Variation in other traits partitioned the populations into two morphs which, apart from flowering time and leaf marker, were largely homogeneous. The morphs differed significantly in floret number per inflorescence (22 v. 32-37) and seed mass (379 8g v. 523 8g), had different growth habits and strong within-morph associations between leaf markers and stipule and petal coloration. The morphs differed in their distributions within southern Australia and the pattern of distribution was related to summer maximum temperatures, winter minimum temperatures and spring rainfall. These results demonstrate that genetic variation has been important to the success of cluster clover and suggests that the variation is organized. The pattern of variation observed and its relationship to ecogeography is consistent with findings for other highly inbreeding species. A map of the species distribution in Western Australia is presented.

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification of the GATA transcription factor family and their expression patterns under temperature and salt stress in Aspergillus oryzae

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunmiao Jiang ◽  
Gongbo Lv ◽  
Jinxin Ge ◽  
Bin He ◽  
Zhe Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Interaction Network ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Gata Transcription Factor ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Evolutionary Features ◽  
First Time

AbstractGATA transcription factors (TFs) are involved in the regulation of growth processes and various environmental stresses. Although GATA TFs involved in abiotic stress in plants and some fungi have been analyzed, information regarding GATA TFs in Aspergillusoryzae is extremely poor. In this study, we identified and functionally characterized seven GATA proteins from A.oryzae 3.042 genome, including a novel AoSnf5 GATA TF with 20-residue between the Cys-X2-Cys motifs which was found in Aspergillus GATA TFs for the first time. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that these seven A. oryzae GATA TFs could be classified into six subgroups. Analysis of conserved motifs demonstrated that Aspergillus GATA TFs with similar motif compositions clustered in one subgroup, suggesting that they might possess similar genetic functions, further confirming the accuracy of the phylogenetic relationship. Furthermore, the expression patterns of seven A.oryzae GATA TFs under temperature and salt stresses indicated that A. oryzae GATA TFs were mainly responsive to high temperature and high salt stress. The protein–protein interaction network of A.oryzae GATA TFs revealed certain potentially interacting proteins. The comprehensive analysis of A. oryzae GATA TFs will be beneficial for understanding their biological function and evolutionary features and provide an important starting point to further understand the role of GATA TFs in the regulation of distinct environmental conditions in A.oryzae.

scholarly journals Low level of plasminogen increases risk for mortality in COVID-19 patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Della-Morte ◽  
Francesca Pacifici ◽  
Camillo Ricordi ◽  
Renato Massoud ◽  
Valentina Rovella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Multidimensional Analysis ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Inflammatory Parameters ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Caucasian Patients ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Organ Dysfunctions

AbstractThe pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and especially of its complications is still not fully understood. In fact, a very high number of patients with COVID-19 die because of thromboembolic causes. A role of plasminogen, as precursor of fibrinolysis, has been hypothesized. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between plasminogen levels and COVID-19-related outcomes in a population of 55 infected Caucasian patients (mean age: 69.8 ± 14.3, 41.8% female). Low levels of plasminogen were significantly associated with inflammatory markers (CRP, PCT, and IL-6), markers of coagulation (D-dimer, INR, and APTT), and markers of organ dysfunctions (high fasting blood glucose and decrease in the glomerular filtration rate). A multidimensional analysis model, including the correlation of the expression of coagulation with inflammatory parameters, indicated that plasminogen tended to cluster together with IL-6, hence suggesting a common pathway of activation during disease’s complication. Moreover, low levels of plasminogen strongly correlated with mortality in COVID-19 patients even after multiple adjustments for presence of confounding. These data suggest that plasminogen may play a pivotal role in controlling the complex mechanisms beyond the COVID-19 complications, and may be useful both as biomarker for prognosis and for therapeutic target against this extremely aggressive infection.

scholarly journals Role of the Ndc1 interaction network in yeast nuclear pore complex assembly and maintenance

2009 ◽  
Vol 185 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeny Onischenko ◽  
Leslie H. Stanton ◽  
Alexis S. Madrid ◽  
Thomas Kieselbach ◽  
Karsten Weis
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Pore Complex ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Interaction Network ◽  
Nucleocytoplasmic Transport ◽  
Nuclear Pore ◽  
Binding Partners ◽  
Interaction Partners ◽  
Redundant Functions

The nuclear pore complex (NPC) mediates all nucleocytoplasmic transport, yet its structure and biogenesis remain poorly understood. In this study, we have functionally characterized interaction partners of the yeast transmembrane nucleoporin Ndc1. Ndc1 forms a distinct complex with the transmembrane proteins Pom152 and Pom34 and two alternative complexes with the soluble nucleoporins Nup53 and Nup59, which in turn bind to Nup170 and Nup157. The transmembrane and soluble Ndc1-binding partners have redundant functions at the NPC, and disruption of both groups of interactions causes defects in Ndc1 targeting and in NPC structure accompanied by significant pore dilation. Using photoconvertible fluorescent protein fusions, we further show that the depletion of Pom34 in cells that lack NUP53 and NUP59 blocks new NPC assembly and leads to the reversible accumulation of newly made nucleoporins in cytoplasmic foci. Therefore, Ndc1 together with its interaction partners are collectively essential for the biosynthesis and structural integrity of yeast NPCs.

scholarly journals The role of social network support in treatment outcomes for medication for opioid use disorder: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navin Kumar ◽  
William Oles ◽  
Benjamin A. Howell ◽  
Kamila Janmohamed ◽  
Selena T. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Social Connections ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Network Support ◽  
Social Network Support ◽  
Partner Relationships

AbstractBackgroundSocial connections can lead to contagion of healthy behaviors. Successful treatment of patients with opioid use disorder, as well as recovery of their communities from the opioid epidemic, may lay in rebuilding social networks. Strong social networks of support can reinforce the benefits of medication treatments that are the current standard of care and the most effective tool physicians have to fight the opioid epidemic.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of electronic research databases, specialist journals and grey literature up to August 2020 to identify experimental and observational studies of social network support in patient populations receiving medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD). We place the studies into a conceptual framework of dynamic social networks, examining the role of networks before MOUD treatment is initiated, during the treatment, and in the long-term following the treatment. We analyze the results across three sources of social network support: partner relationships, family, and peer networks. We also consider the impact of negative social connections.ResultsOf 5193 articles screened, 46 studies were identified as meeting inclusion criteria (12 were experimental and 34 were observational). 39 studies indicated that social network support, or lack thereof, had a statistically significant relationship with improved MOUD treatment outcomes. We find the strongest support for the positive impact of family and partner relationships when integrated into treatment attempts. We also identify strong evidence for a negative impact of maintaining contacts with the drug-using network on treatment outcomes.ConclusionsSocial networks significantly shape effectiveness of opioid use disorder treatments. While negative social ties reinforce addiction, positive social support networks can amplify the benefits of medication treatments. Targeted interventions to reconstruct social networks can be designed as a part of medication treatment with their effects evaluated in improving patients’ odds of recovery from opioid use disorder and reversing the rising trend in opioid deaths.

scholarly journals Impact of earthquake-triggered landslides on catchment sediment yield

2015 ◽  
Vol 367 ◽  
pp. 291-296
Author(s):  
M. Vanmaercke ◽  
F. Obreja ◽  
J. Poesen
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Seismic Activity ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sediment Export

Abstract. This study explores the role of seismic activity in explaining spatial and temporal variation in sediment export from the Siret basin in Romania. Based on long-term (>30 years) sediment export measurements for 38 subcatchments, we found that spatial variation in sediment yield (SY) is strongly correlated to the degree of seismic activity and catchment lithology. Combined, these factors explain 80% of the variation in SY. To investigate the role of earthquake-triggered landslides in explaining these correlations, we studied the temporal variability in sediment concentrations before and after the 7.4 Mw earthquake of 1977 for ten subcatchments. Despite the fact that this earthquake triggered many landslides, only one subcatchment showed a clear (3-fold) increase in sediment concentration per unit discharge after the earthquake. This shows that, although prolonged seismic activity strongly controls average SY, individual earthquakes do not necessarily affect sediment export at short timescales.

scholarly journals Neighborhood Density in Phonological Alternations

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sverre Stausland Johnsen
Keyword(s):  
Word Identification ◽  
Word Production ◽  
Neighborhood Density ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Phonological Structure

in lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt:Neighborhood density (ND) is a measure of how similar a word is to other words in the lexicon. In response to the growing evidence of the significance of ND for word identification and word production, linguists have started asking what role ND could play in phonological alternations, without reaching a consensus. This paper assesses the role of ND in a phonological alternation in Norwegian, by asking whether the alternation is best predicted by ND or by the phonological structure of the alternators. The results reveal how these factors are strongly correlated and equally good predictors of alternations.

scholarly journals Telemedicine and Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Quentin Eichbaum
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Remote Locations ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Transmission Of Information ◽  
Utilization Patterns ◽  
Provide Health Care

Abstract Telemedicine refers to the use of telecommunication technologies for the purpose of transmitting medical information between physically separated clinical sites, in order to provide health care to patients at such remote locations. Additionally, telemedicine can be used to educate health care workers and students at distant locations. Telemedicine technologies can be categorized as either ‘store-andforward’ or ‘interactive’ (or ‘synchronous/asynchronous’) depending on the timing of the transmission of information. This review focuses on applications of telemedicine to the field of obstetric and gynecologic (Obs/Gyne) ultrasound. It also examines the utilization patterns of telemedicine, as well as its costs and benefits. Finally, this article examines the role of telemedicine in medical education, specifically also with reference to Obs/Gyne ultrasound.

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