scholarly journals Biocatalytic recycling of polyethylene terephthalate plastic

2020 ◽  
Vol 378 (2176) ◽  
pp. 20190273
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Enzymatic Degradation ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Microbial Enzymes

The global production of plastics made from non-renewable fossil feedstocks has grown more than 20-fold since 1964. While more than eight billion tons of plastics have been produced until today, only a small fraction is currently collected for recycling and large amounts of plastic waste are ending up in landfills and in the oceans. Pollution caused by accumulating plastic waste in the environment has become worldwide a serious problem. Synthetic polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) have widespread use in food packaging materials, beverage bottles, coatings and fibres. Recently, it has been shown that post-consumer PET can be hydrolysed by microbial enzymes at mild reaction conditions in aqueous media. In a circular plastics economy, the resulting monomers can be recovered and re-used to manufacture PET products or other chemicals without depleting fossil feedstocks and damaging the environment. The enzymatic degradation of post-consumer plastics thereby represents an innovative, environmentally benign and sustainable alternative to conventional recycling processes. By the construction of powerful biocatalysts employing protein engineering techniques, a biocatalytic recycling of PET can be further developed towards industrial applications. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Science to enable the circular economy’.

scholarly journals Synthesis of biscoumarin derivatives by the reaction of aldehydes and 4-hydroxycoumarin using ruthenium (III) chloride hydrate as a versatile homogeneous catalyst

2012 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalil Tabatabaeian ◽  
Hannaneh Heidari ◽  
Alireza Khorshidi ◽  
Manouchehr Mamaghani ◽  
Nosrat Mahmoodi
Keyword(s):  
Michael Reaction ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Homogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
One Pot ◽  
The One ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Chloride Hydrate ◽  
Short Times

The one-pot domino Knoevenagel-type condensation/Michael reaction of aromatic, heteroaromatic and aliphatic aldehydes with 4-hydroxycoumarin in aqueous media in the presence of ruthenium salt as homogeneous catalyst was investigated. It was found that 5 mol% of RuCl3.nH2O catalyzes biscoumarin synthesis in high yields (70-95%) under optimised, mild, green and environmentally benign reaction conditions in short times (25-35min).

Potassium phthalimide-catalysed one-pot multi-component reaction for efficient synthesis of amino-benzochromenes in aqueous media

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamzeh Kiyani ◽  
Fatemeh Ghorbani
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Ethyl Cyanoacetate ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Aromatic Aldehydes ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Efficient Synthesis ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
One Pot ◽  
High Yields

Abstract2-Amino-4-aryl-4H-benzo[h]chromenes and 3-amino-1-aryl-1H-benzo[f]chromenes were prepared by treating cyano-methylene compounds (malononitrile or ethyl cyanoacetate), substituted aromatic aldehydes, and naphtholic compounds in the presence of potassium phthalimide as a green, mild, efficient, and commercially available organocatalyst in aqueous media. The procedure was readily conducted and affords remarkable advantages such as safety, short reaction times, environmentally benign milder reaction conditions, no organic solvent required, and high yields.

scholarly journals Discovery and Biochemical Characterization of a Novel Polyesterase for the Degradation of Synthetic Plastics

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Efstratios Nikolaivits ◽  
Phaedra Dimopoulou ◽  
Veselin Maslak ◽  
Jasmina Nikodinovic-Runic ◽  
Evangelos Topakas
Keyword(s):  
Food Web ◽  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Enzymatic Degradation ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Degrading Enzyme ◽  
Gene Coding

Plastic waste poses an enormous environmental problem as a result of soil and ocean contamination, causing the release of microplastics that end up in humans through the food web. Enzymatic degradation of plastics has emerged as an alternative to traditional recycling processes. In the present work, we used bioinfomatics tools to discover a gene coding for a putative polyester degrading enzyme (polyesterase). The gene was heterologously expressed, purified and biochemically characterized. Furthermore, its ability to degrade polyethylene terephthalate (PET) model substrates and synthetic plastics was assessed.

scholarly journals Mechanical Performance of Concrete Made with the Addition of Recycled Macro Plastic Fibres

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 9862
Author(s):  
Pietro A. Vaccaro ◽  
Adela P. Galvín ◽  
Jesús Ayuso ◽  
Auxi Barbudo ◽  
Antonio López-Uceda
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Second Life ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Hardened Concrete ◽  
Sustainable Solutions

For many decades, researchers have been working on finding innovative and sustainable solutions to address the enormous quantities of plastic waste that are produced every year which, after being collected, are transformed into energy, recycled, or sent to landfills. Giving a second life to plastic waste as a material to be incorporated, in the form of macro-fibres, into concrete, could be one such solution. The purpose of this study was to analyse the mechanical and physical behaviour of the hardened concrete reinforced with macro plastic fibres (RPFs) obtained from food packaging waste (FPW) discarded during the packaging phase. By varying the quantity of macro-fibres used, physical and mechanical properties such as compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, flexural strength, and toughness were evaluated. It was observed that, although the presence of macro plastic fibres reduced the mechanical resistance capacity compared to that of traditional concrete, their contribution proved to be of some importance in terms of toughness, bringing an improvement in the post-crack resistance of the composite material. This innovative mixture provides a further impulse to the circular economy.

Biocatalytic synthesis of novel electronic and photovoltaic materials

2005 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 263-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Mosurkal ◽  
Rajesh Kumar ◽  
Ferdinando F. Bruno ◽  
Ramaswamy Nagarajan ◽  
Lynne Samuelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ruthenium Complex ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Dinuclear Complex ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Polystyrene Sulfonate ◽  
Polymeric Complex ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
New Class ◽  
Photovoltaic Materials ◽  
Biomimetic Method

A new class of ruthenium complex-based macrodye and a dinuclear complex were synthesized via a biocatalytic route employing hematin as an efficient biocatalyst. The photovoltaic overall efficiency of the dinuclear complex was found to be 2.1 % and higher than the polymeric complex (0.33 %). Furthermore, we have developed an environmentally benign methodology for the synthesis of novel pegylated polyphenolics. The reaction conditions used do not require any organic solvents, and all the reactions were performed in aqueous media. The synthesized polymers were soluble in both organic and aqueous media, and provide further opportunity to tailor the properties. Finally, a novel biomimetic method for the synthesis of a conducting molecular complex of polypyrrole and of thiophene substitute in the presence of a polyelectrolyte, such as polystyrene sulfonate (SPS), is presented. A synthetic enzyme based on hematin was used to catalyze the polymerization of pyrrole (PYR) and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) in the presence of SPS. Copolymers of EDOT and PYR have also been synthesized, and these novel materials have been shown to exhibit high electrical conductivity.

scholarly journals Analisis Kalor Pada Alat Pengolah Sampah Plastik Dengan Metode Pyrolisis Dengan Perbandingan Tipe Sampah Plastik

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Ahmad Yunus Nasution
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
The Third ◽  
Analysis Process ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Fourth Experiment ◽  
Modern Era

In this modern era, the use of plastic is very much in the community, this alone makes the accumulation of plastic waste. And the nature of plastic waste has properties that are difficult to decompose and even need hundreds of years, this is also what makes the accumulation of plastic waste. Of the menabahnya amount of plastic such as plastic materials that can only be used and thrown for example are mineral water bottles, plastic bags or plastic food wrappers and This type of sterofoam waste is the most widely used and most piles of garbage collection.In my analysis process the plastic that will be processed using the pyrolysis method is rubbish whose category is plastic waste made from vinyl chloride, polyethylene, acrylic, silicone, urethane , which we can find most of its use as food packaging or household plastic appliances. Comparison of the first plastic garbage type of type 1: Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET or PETE or Polyester) and type 2: High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) , with the amount of plastic waste ratio of 1: 1. Comparison to two types of 1: Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET or PETE or Polyester) and type 4: Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) , with a ratio of 1: 1 plastic waste. Comparison of all three types of 1 : Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET or PETE or Polyester) and type 6: Polystyrene (PS) , the amount of plastic waste ratio of 1: 1.Results from this study obtain data Data obtained from PET & HDPE experiments obtained oil and heat obtained from experiments 1 to 5. On The first experiment oil obtained was 0.15 Liters and Heat for evaporation of material was 2829.78 kJ. On The Second experiment oils obtained were 0.74 Liters and Heat for the evaporation of material 2829.78 kJ . On The third experiment oil obtained was 0.74 liters and heat for the evaporation of material 2829.78 kJ. On The Fourth experiment oils obtained were 0.74 Liters and Heat for the evaporation of material 2829.78 kJ . On The Fifth experiment oils obtained were 0.74 Liters and Heat for evaporation of the material 2829.78 Kj .Data obtained from PET & LDPE experiments obtained oil and heat obtained from experiments 1 to 5. On The First experiment oil obtained was 0.47 Liters and Heat for evaporation of 4119.3 kJ material . On The Second experiment oils obtained were 0.51 Liters and Heat for evaporation of 4334.22 kJ material . On The third experiment oil obtained was 0.36 liters and heat for evaporation of material 4226.76 kJ . On The Fourth experiment oils obtained were 0.44 Liters and Heat for evaporation of 5014.8 kJ material . On The Fifth experiment oils obtained were 0.5 Liters and Heat for the evaporation of ingredients 4477.5 Kj.

Naturally Occurring Organic Acid-catalyzed Facile Diastereoselective Synthesis of Biologically Active (E)-3-(arylimino)indolin-2-one Derivatives in Water at Room Temperature

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (16) ◽  
pp. 1778-1788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurpreet Kaur ◽  
Arvind Singh ◽  
Kiran Bala ◽  
Mamta Devi ◽  
Anjana Kumari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Diastereoselective Synthesis ◽  
Substituted Anilines ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Acid Catalyzed ◽  
Reaction Media ◽  
Column Chromatographic

A simple, straightforward and efficient method has been developed for the synthesis of (E)-3-(arylimino)indolin-2-one derivatives and (E)-2-((4-methoxyphenyl)imino)- acenaphthylen-1(2H)-one. The synthesis of these biologically-significant scaffolds was achieved from the reactions of various substituted anilines and isatins or acenaphthaquinone, respectively, using commercially available, environmentally benign and naturally occurring organic acids such as mandelic acid or itaconic acid as catalyst in aqueous medium at room temperature. Mild reaction conditions, energy efficiency, good to excellent yields, environmentally benign conditions, easy isolation of products, no need of column chromatographic separation and the reusability of reaction media are some of the significant features of the present protocol.

scholarly journals Nanocomposites for Food Packaging Applications: An Overview

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Jawad Sarfraz ◽  
Tina Gulin-Sarfraz ◽  
Julie Nilsen-Nygaard ◽  
Marit Kvalvåg Pettersen
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Nanocomposites ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Nanocomposite Materials ◽  
Consumer Acceptability ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Packaging Materials ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Low Concentrations

There is a strong drive in industry for packaging solutions that contribute to sustainable development by targeting a circular economy, which pivots around the recyclability of the packaging materials. The aim is to reduce traditional plastic consumption and achieve high recycling efficiency while maintaining the desired barrier and mechanical properties. In this domain, packaging materials in the form of polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) can offer the desired functionalities and can be a potential replacement for complex multilayered polymer structures. There has been an increasing interest in nanocomposites for food packaging applications, with a five-fold rise in the number of published articles during the period 2010–2019. The barrier, mechanical, and thermal properties of the polymers can be significantly improved by incorporating low concentrations of nanofillers. Furthermore, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties can be introduced, which are very relevant for food packaging applications. In this review, we will present an overview of the nanocomposite materials for food packaging applications. We will briefly discuss different nanofillers, methods to incorporate them in the polymer matrix, and surface treatments, with a special focus on the barrier, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. On the practical side migration issues, consumer acceptability, recyclability, and toxicity aspects will also be discussed.

scholarly journals Monomers, Materials and Energy from Coffee By-Products: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6921
Author(s):  
Laura Sisti ◽  
Annamaria Celli ◽  
Grazia Totaro ◽  
Patrizia Cinelli ◽  
Francesca Signori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Material Technology ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Coffee Pulp ◽  
Coffee Waste ◽  
By Products

In recent years, the circular economy and sustainability have gained attention in the food industry aimed at recycling food industrial waste and residues. For example, several plant-based materials are nowadays used in packaging and biofuel production. Among them, by-products and waste from coffee processing constitute a largely available, low cost, good quality resource. Coffee production includes many steps, in which by-products are generated including coffee pulp, coffee husks, silver skin and spent coffee. This review aims to analyze the reasons why coffee waste can be considered as a valuable source in recycling strategies for the sustainable production of bio-based chemicals, materials and fuels. It addresses the most recent advances in monomer, polymer and plastic filler productions and applications based on the development of viable biorefinery technologies. The exploration of strategies to unlock the potential of this biomass for fuel productions is also revised. Coffee by-products valorization is a clear example of waste biorefinery. Future applications in areas such as biomedicine, food packaging and material technology should be taken into consideration. However, further efforts in techno-economic analysis and the assessment of the feasibility of valorization processes on an industrial scale are needed.

scholarly journals Potential application of gold nanoparticles in food packaging: a mini review

Gold Bulletin ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Paidari ◽  
Salam Adnan Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Microbial Load ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
The Past ◽  
Industry Applications

AbstractIn the past few decades, there have been remarkable advances in our knowledge of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and synthesizing methods. AuNPs have become increasingly important in biomedical and industrial applications. As a newly implemented method, AuNPs are being used in nanopackaging industries for their therapeutic and antibacterial characteristics as well as their inert and nontoxic nature. As with other NPs, AuNPs have privileges and disadvantages when utilized in the food sector, yet a significant body of research has shown that, due to the specific nontoxic characteristics, AuNPs could be used to address other NP flaws. In this mini review, we present synthesizing methods, food industry applications, and mechanisms of action of gold nanoparticles. Regarding the investigations, gold nanoparticles can play a major role to reduce microbial load in foodstuff and therefore can be implemented in food packaging as an effective approach.

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