Trace elements in soils and crops

To demonstrate the total amounts to be expected in soils, the ranges of contents of some 60 trace elements in ten representative Scottish arable surface soils are compared with ranges in soil-forming rocks and with crustal averages. It is, however, the amounts potentially available to plants rather than the total contents that are biologically significant. In temperate climates, trace element mobilization is greatest when weathering takes place under conditions of impeded pedological drainage, leading to the formation of gleyed soils. Mobilized trace elements occur in arable surface soils largely in adsorbed and chelated forms, which are available to plants to a greater or smaller extent depending on the prevailing soil parameters and on the element in question. Different species take up different amounts of trace elements: the proportions in the various plant parts vary with the element and the stage of growth. Information is required about the mobilization and uptake of many elements about which little is at present known but which may affect the functions of essential elements through inter-element interactions. Systematic soil surveys in which soils are mapped by associations related to parent material, with their series related to genetic soil types, provide a useful countrywide guide to trace element status.

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How the Soil Supplies Nutrients

Soils for Fine Wines ◽

10.1093/oso/9780195141023.003.0006 ◽

2003 ◽

Author(s):

Robert E. White

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Trace Element ◽

N2 Fixation ◽

Dry Deposition ◽

Water Sources ◽

Essential Elements ◽

Parent Material ◽

Biological Fixation ◽

Parent Materials ◽

Biological N2 Fixation

Most plants need 16 elements to grow normally and reproduce. Some of these elements are required in relatively large concentrations, ideally >1,000 mg/kg (0.1%) in the dry matter (DM); these are called macronutrients. The others, called micronutrients, generally are required in concentrations <100 mg/kg DM (0.01%). Of the essential elements, C and O are supplied as CO2 from the atmosphere, whereas H and O are supplied in H2O from the atmosphere and water sources. Chlorine is also abundant in the air and oceans as the Cl_ ion. Winds whip sea spray containing Cl, Na, Mg, Ca, and S into aerosols to be deposited by rain on the land or as “dry deposition” on vegetation. Nitrogen as N2 gas in the atmosphere enters soil–plant systems primarily by “biological fixation” (section 4.2.2.1), although small amounts are also deposited as NH4+ and NO3_ ions from the air. Cobalt (Co) is essential for biological N2 fixation in legumes and blue-green algae. For the remaining essential elements, the major source is minerals that weather in the soil and parent material. Another term frequently used is trace element, which can include both essential and nonessential elements. A trace element normally occurs at a concentration <1,000 mg/kg in the soil. There are three categories of trace elements: 1. The essential micronutrients Cu, Zn, Mn, B, and Mo, which are beneficial at normal concentrations in the plant (ranging from 0.1 mg/kg for Mo to 100 mg/kg for Mn) but which become toxic at higher concentrations. Iron is the only micronutrient that is not strictly a trace element. 2. Elements such as chromium (Cr), selenium (Se), iodine (I), and Co that are not essential for plants, but are essential for animals. 3. Elements such as arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), cadium (Cd), lead (Pb), and nickel (Ni), which are not required by plants or animals and are toxic to either group at concentrations in the organism greater than a few mg/kg. Trace elements in the soil are normally derived from the parent material. Examples of concentrations of trace elements in soils derived from different parent materials are given in table 4.2.

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Trace element nutrition in the tropical zebu cattle type. Lessons from the Gilgel Gibe catchment, Ethiopia

Afrika Focus ◽

10.21825/af.v27i1.4916 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Veronique Dermauw

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Trace Element ◽

Bos Indicus ◽

Zebu Cattle ◽

Health Production ◽

Animal Products ◽

Trace Element Status ◽

Trace Element Nutrition ◽

The Tropics ◽

The Impact

In the tropics, cattle are majorly dependent on natural pastures growing on poor soils and as a result prone to trace element deficiencies. This work investigated several aspects of trace element nutrition in zebu (Bos indicus) cattle, the most widely used cattle type in the tropics. Through several trials conducted at the Gilgel Gibe catchment, Ethiopia, we aimed to study factors influencing the flow of trace elements from soil to plant and grazing zebu cattle, and to investigate the impact of trace element status on health, production and trace elements in animal products. Overall, trace element, e.g., Cu, deficiencies were widely prevalent. Environment and certain grazing strategies were intimately related and affected trace element supply whereas cattle type affected trace element status. The effect of trace element status on trace elements in animal products was obvious, whereas the impact on health and production was less clear-cut. Key words: trace elements, minerals, cattle, zebu, Bos indicus, Ethiopia, tropics

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Trace element status in old people of European and Asian parts of the North of russia

Hygiene and Sanitation ◽

10.18821/0016-9900-2016-95-5-432-439 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 95 (5) ◽

pp. 432-439

Author(s):

A. L. Gorbachev ◽

Elena A. Lugovaya ◽

E. M. Stepanova

Keyword(s):

Trace Element ◽

Regional Differences ◽

Essential Elements ◽

The Body ◽

The North ◽

Ecological Features ◽

Geographical Regions ◽

Hair Samples ◽

Trace Element Status ◽

The City

To determine age-relatedpeculiarities of trace element system in oldpeople, residing in different natural and geographical regions, the content of 25 trace elements in hair samples of women from Arkhangelsk (average age is 87,0±0,98 years) and Magadan (average age is 80,1±1,25 years) was determined by spectrometric methods. In both groups there was established element misbalance characterized by lower concentration of such essential elements as Ca, Mg, Co, Cu and higher concentration of Na. The excess of K and Zn is more expressed in hair of female residents of Arkhangelsk in comparison with the city of Magadan there was revealed significantly more higher content of aluminum, boron, silicon, in the city of Magadan there are significantly higher concentrations of selenium and tin. According to the frequency of occurrence the excess of elements in the body of residents of the city of Arkhangelsk is comparable to that of residents of the city of Magadan, but has its own features. In Arkhangelsk there is more pronounced the excess ofpotassium, there was found high content of zinc, whereas in the city of Magadan there was revealed an excess of manganese and arsenic. Square of the figure, reflecting the deficiency of elements in female residents of the city of Magadan is more than in the city of Arkhangelsk, which is manifested by larger deficiency of chromium, zinc, iron. Identified regional differences in the content of macro- and microelements are related to biogeochemical and ecological features of the regions, which can determine the specifics of the aging diseases and time of their occurrence.

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A study of some brigalow soils based on trace-element profiles

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr9640162 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 162 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

AC Oertel ◽

JB Giles

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Trace Element ◽

Ph Sensitive ◽

Parent Material ◽

Taxonomic Group ◽

Field Observations ◽

Parent Materials ◽

Buried Soil ◽

Trace Element Profiles ◽

Nickel Lead

Evidence indicative of layering in the original parent material of a soil can be obtained from trace-element profiles. Some of the layers detected by this means in the parent materials of the brigalow soils examined were not apparent in the field. Trace element profiles also provided confirmatory evidence for the occurrence of a buried soil. The present alkaline-acid boundary of brigalow soils with acid substrata frequently did not coincide with a layer interface, and two distinct levels of concentration of pH-sensitive trace elements were found in the alkaline layer of some of these soils. These observations are compatible with movement of the alkaline-acid boundary during pedogenesis. Of the elements boron, cobalt, copper, gallium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, lead, vanadium, and zirconium, all but cobalt, manganese, and nickel, which were pH-sensitive, had profiles that were typical of grey and brown soils of heavy texture. In addition, the average silt-plus-clay profile of the brigalow soils examined was almost identical with that of typical soils of this taxonomic group. These results support the conclusion from field observations that, apart from reaction, brigalow soils are mostly typical grey or brown soils of heavy texture.

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Development and Validation of an ICP-MS Method and Its Application to Determine Multiple Trace Elements in Small Volumes of Whole Blood and Plasma

Journal of Analytical Toxicology ◽

10.1093/jat/bkaa033 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

E M Tanvir ◽

Karen M Whitfield ◽

Jack C Ng ◽

P Nicholas Shaw

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Trace Element ◽

Human Blood ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Essential Elements ◽

Small Sample ◽

Plasma Samples ◽

Element Concentrations

Abstract Essential and nonessential element concentrations in human blood provide important information on the nutritional status of individuals and can assist in the screening or diagnosis of certain disorders and their association with other causative factors. A simple and sensitive method, suitable for use with small sample volumes, for quantification of multiple trace element concentrations in whole blood and plasma has been developed using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Method validation was performed using standard reference materials of whole blood and serum using varying sample treatments with nitric acid, water and hydrogen peroxide. The method was applied to quantify the trace element concentrations in whole blood and plasma samples (0.1 mL) from 50 adult blood donors in Queensland. The whole blood sample (5 mL) was collected in Vacutainer tubes with K2EDTA as anticoagulant. The developed method was able to quantify, in blood and plasma samples over a wide range of concentrations, several essential elements: cobalt, copper, zinc, iron, manganese and selenium; the nutritionally probably essential elements vanadium and strontium; and nonessential elements including lead, cadmium, arsenic, caesium, barium, thallium and uranium. Significant differences (P < 0.0001) were observed between whole blood and plasma concentrations for 13 elements; 5 of the measured elements, cobalt (0.49 vs. 0.36 μg/L), copper (1.0 vs. 0.75 mg/L), strontium (28 vs. 16 μg/L), barium (1.5 vs. 0.64 μg/L) and thallium (0.06 vs. 0.03 μg/L), had higher mean concentrations in plasma than in blood. Whole blood concentrations of nine trace elements were significantly correlated (P < 0.0001) with plasma concentrations. The distribution of the trace elements between human blood and plasma varied considerably for the different elements. These results indicate that, using a small sample volume, this assay is suitable for the evaluation of nutritional status as well as in monitoring human toxic elemental exposures.

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Trace element nutrition in the tropical zebu cattle type. Lessons from the Gilgel Gibe catchment, Ethiopia

Afrika Focus ◽

10.1163/2031356x-02701006 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 87-95

Author(s):

Veronique Dermauw

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Trace Element ◽

Bos Indicus ◽

Zebu Cattle ◽

Health Production ◽

Animal Products ◽

Clear Cut ◽

Trace Element Status ◽

The Tropics ◽

The Impact

In the tropics, cattle are majorly dependent on natural pastures growing on poor soils and as a result prone to trace element deficiencies. This work investigated several aspects of trace element nutri¬tion in zebu (Bos indicus) cattle, the most widely used cattle type in the tropics. Through several trials conducted at the Gilgel Gibe catchment, Ethiopia, we aimed to study factors influencing the flow of trace elements from soil to plant and grazing zebu cattle, and to investigate the impact of trace element status on health, production and trace elements in animal products. Overall, trace element, e.g., Cu, deficiencies were widely prevalent. Environment and certain grazing strategies were inti-mately related and affected trace element supply whereas cattle type affected trace element status. The effect of trace element status on trace elements in animal products was obvious, whereas the impact on health and production was less clear-cut.

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PLASMA TRACE ELEMENT STATUS IN BETA-THALASSEMIA TRAIT PATIENTS

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2019.v12i1.28922 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 232

Author(s):

Prabhakaran N ◽

Sudha K ◽

Reshma K ◽

Durgarao Y

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Trace Element ◽

High Performance ◽

Absorption Spectrometry ◽

Beta Thalassemia ◽

Plasma Zinc ◽

Trace Element Status ◽

Apparent Decrease ◽

Thalassemia Trait ◽

Student’S T

Objective: The study aims to evaluate the plasma trace element status in beta-thalassemia trait (BTT) patients and demonstrate the correlation between trace elements and hemoglobin (Hb)-A1, HbA2, and HbF.Methods: The study population consisted of 20 normal individuals and 40 patients with BTT aged between 25 and 55 years of both the sex. Hemoglobin variant analysis was performed in blood samples using cation exchange high-performance liquid chromatography. Patients were labeled as beta-thalassemia trait only if they had HbA2 >3.5% or HbF >2.0%. Plasma zinc was estimated by atomic absorption spectrometry, copper by bathocuproine disulfonate method, and iron by ferrozine method spectrophotometrically. Data were analyzed statistically by Student’s t -test and Pearson’s correlation using software SPSS version 20. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Plasma zinc and copper decreased significantly in BTT patients compared to healthy controls. There was an apparent decrease in plasma iron in these patients. Degree of decline in zinc (p<0.001) was much greater than that of copper (p<0.04). Moreover, there was significant elevation of copper-zinc ratio and iron-zinc ratio (p<0.001) in BTT patients compared to controls. Both HbA1 and HbA2 correlated positively with both copper and iron. Interestingly, HbF showed negative correlation with all the three trace elements in BTT patients.Conclusion: The study highlights marked deficiency of plasma trace elements, hence, the need for periodic assessment and prompt administration of these micronutrients to reduce the complications in BTT patients. Further, ratios are more valuable markers in the determination of trace element status than individual elements.

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Blood and hair as non-invasive trace element biological indicators in growing rabbits

World Rabbit Science ◽

10.4995/wrs.2019.10654 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 21

Author(s):

George Papadomichelakis ◽

Athanasios C Pappas ◽

Evangelos Zoidis ◽

Georgios Danezis ◽

Konstantinos A Georgiou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Trace Element ◽

Biological Indicators ◽

Organic Selenium ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Trace Element Status ◽

Element Profile ◽

Trace Element Contents ◽

Highly Correlated ◽

Toxic Trace Element

The suitability of blood and hair as non-invasive tools to monitor trace element contents was studied in 48 Hyla male growing rabbits. Three diets with increasing organic selenium (Se) addition (0.1, 0.5 and 2.5 mg/kg) were used to induce alterations in the concentrations of trace elements vs. an unsupplemented diet. In blood, a linear decrease in Co (P<0.001), Cu (P<0.001), Mn (P<0.05), Zn (P<0.05), Sb (P<0.001), As (P<0.001), Cr (P<0.001), Mo (P<0.001), Ni (P<0.001) and Cd (P<0.001) concentrations with increasing dietary Se was observed. In hair, a cubic effect of dietary Se on Co (P<0.01), Cu (P<0.05), Mn (P<0.001), Pb (P<0.05), Mo (P<0.05) and Cd (P<0.05) concentrations was found, while As, Cr and Ni concentrations decreased linearly (P<0.01, P<0.01 and P<0.001, respectively) with increasing dietary Se. Selenium was negatively correlated to Sb, As, Cr, Mo, Ni and Cd, (P<0.001) in blood, and to As (P<0.05), Cr, Ni (P<0.01) and Pb (P<0.05) in hair. The contents of Se, As, Cr and Ni in blood were highly correlated (P<0.001) to those in hair. Blood appeared to be more sensitive than hair in detecting small changes in the trace element profile in rabbits, as was indicated by the discriminant analysis. In conclusion, blood and hair can be suitable biological indicators of essential, toxic and potentially toxic trace element status in rabbits, particularly when used complementarily.

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Crosstalk of Nrf2 with the Trace Elements Selenium, Iron, Zinc, and Copper

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11092112 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 2112 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Maria Schwarz ◽

Kristina Lossow ◽

Johannes F. Kopp ◽

Tanja Schwerdtle ◽

Anna P. Kipp

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Trace Element ◽

Metal Binding ◽

Target Genes ◽

Selenium Deficiency ◽

Whole Body ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Trace Element Status ◽

Nrf2 Knockout ◽

Feeding Diets

Trace elements, like Cu, Zn, Fe, or Se, are important for the proper functioning of antioxidant enzymes. However, in excessive amounts, they can also act as pro-oxidants. Accordingly, trace elements influence redox-modulated signaling pathways, such as the Nrf2 pathway. Vice versa, Nrf2 target genes belong to the group of transport and metal binding proteins. In order to investigate whether Nrf2 directly regulates the systemic trace element status, we used mice to study the effect of a constitutive, whole-body Nrf2 knockout on the systemic status of Cu, Zn, Fe, and Se. As the loss of selenoproteins under Se-deprived conditions has been described to further enhance Nrf2 activity, we additionally analyzed the combination of Nrf2 knockout with feeding diets that provide either suboptimal, adequate, or supplemented amounts of Se. Experiments revealed that the Nrf2 knockout partially affected the trace element concentrations of Cu, Zn, Fe, or Se in the intestine, liver, and/or plasma. However, aside from Fe, the other three trace elements were only marginally modulated in an Nrf2-dependent manner. Selenium deficiency mainly resulted in increased plasma Zn levels. One putative mediator could be the metal regulatory transcription factor 1, which was up-regulated with an increasing Se supply and downregulated in Se-supplemented Nrf2 knockout mice.

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