Crosstalk of Nrf2 with the Trace Elements Selenium, Iron, Zinc, and Copper

Trace elements, like Cu, Zn, Fe, or Se, are important for the proper functioning of antioxidant enzymes. However, in excessive amounts, they can also act as pro-oxidants. Accordingly, trace elements influence redox-modulated signaling pathways, such as the Nrf2 pathway. Vice versa, Nrf2 target genes belong to the group of transport and metal binding proteins. In order to investigate whether Nrf2 directly regulates the systemic trace element status, we used mice to study the effect of a constitutive, whole-body Nrf2 knockout on the systemic status of Cu, Zn, Fe, and Se. As the loss of selenoproteins under Se-deprived conditions has been described to further enhance Nrf2 activity, we additionally analyzed the combination of Nrf2 knockout with feeding diets that provide either suboptimal, adequate, or supplemented amounts of Se. Experiments revealed that the Nrf2 knockout partially affected the trace element concentrations of Cu, Zn, Fe, or Se in the intestine, liver, and/or plasma. However, aside from Fe, the other three trace elements were only marginally modulated in an Nrf2-dependent manner. Selenium deficiency mainly resulted in increased plasma Zn levels. One putative mediator could be the metal regulatory transcription factor 1, which was up-regulated with an increasing Se supply and downregulated in Se-supplemented Nrf2 knockout mice.

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Trace elements geochemistry in high-incidence areas of liver-related diseases, northwestern Ethiopia

Environmental Geochemistry and Health ◽

10.1007/s10653-019-00387-3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 (5) ◽

pp. 1235-1254

Author(s):

Jemal Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Trace Element ◽

Selenium Deficiency ◽

Stream Sediments ◽

Low Grade ◽

Geochemical Background ◽

Water Stream ◽

Icp Ms ◽

History Of ◽

Trace Element Contents

Abstract This paper reports the results of trace elements geochemistry from Tigray national state, northwestern Ethiopia. The area is part of the Arabian-Nubian Shield, where the dominant exposure is low-grade metamorphic rocks and has a long history of liver-related diseases. The increase in the number of liver-related disease patients of the area has been an environmental health issue of national concern. The aim of the study is to determine the level of trace element concentrations and distributions in water and stream sediments of the area and identify the possible sources in relation to human health. Water, stream sediment and rocks samples (20 water, 20 stream sediments, and 6 rock samples) were collected in March 2011 and analyzed for major and trace element contents using ICP-MS, ICP-OES, ion Chromatography, and XRF methods. Bromine, aluminum, fluorine, arsenic, and nitrate values exceed the WHO maximum acceptable concentration (MAC) for drinking purpose. Bromine ranges from 0.11 to 1.48 mg/l show higher values in all samples, and fluorine ranges from 0.21 to 16.49 mg/l show higher values in 20% of the samples. Other trace elements are aluminum—30%, arsenic—10%, and nitrate (NO3)—10%, and they are examples of elements which have above MAC for drinking water. Selenium deficiency may be the other problematic element in the area for which its deficiency is associated with liver damage and heart muscle disorder. The concentration of cobalt and chromium exceeded world geochemical background value in average shale at most sample stations indicated that these stations were in potential risk.

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Trace element nutrition in the tropical zebu cattle type. Lessons from the Gilgel Gibe catchment, Ethiopia

Afrika Focus ◽

10.21825/af.v27i1.4916 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Veronique Dermauw

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Trace Element ◽

Bos Indicus ◽

Zebu Cattle ◽

Health Production ◽

Animal Products ◽

Trace Element Status ◽

Trace Element Nutrition ◽

The Tropics ◽

The Impact

In the tropics, cattle are majorly dependent on natural pastures growing on poor soils and as a result prone to trace element deficiencies. This work investigated several aspects of trace element nutrition in zebu (Bos indicus) cattle, the most widely used cattle type in the tropics. Through several trials conducted at the Gilgel Gibe catchment, Ethiopia, we aimed to study factors influencing the flow of trace elements from soil to plant and grazing zebu cattle, and to investigate the impact of trace element status on health, production and trace elements in animal products. Overall, trace element, e.g., Cu, deficiencies were widely prevalent. Environment and certain grazing strategies were intimately related and affected trace element supply whereas cattle type affected trace element status. The effect of trace element status on trace elements in animal products was obvious, whereas the impact on health and production was less clear-cut. Key words: trace elements, minerals, cattle, zebu, Bos indicus, Ethiopia, tropics

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Effect of cobalt supplementation on lamb growth rates in the face of cobalt deficiency

Veterinary Record Case Reports ◽

10.1136/vetreccr-2020-001099 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. e001099

Author(s):

Kim Hamer ◽

Hannah Mylin ◽

Donald Barrie ◽

Valentina Busin ◽

Katharine Denholm

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Trace Element ◽

Blood Sample ◽

Growth Rates ◽

Selenium Deficiency ◽

Blood Samples ◽

The Face ◽

Cobalt Deficiency ◽

Lamb Growth

A hill farm in eastern Scotland had noted poor lamb growth rates since 2014. Cobalt, selenium and copper deficiencies were reported from historical blood sample results, and trace element supplementation had been administered to the ewes, but not the lambs. A supplementation trial was undertaken in 2018 to compare the daily liveweight gain (DLWG) between lambs supplemented with trace elements and unsupplemented lambs. The trace element supplements used were intraruminal boluses containing 51-mg cobalt, 10-mg selenium and 60-mg iodine (Downland Essential Lamb bolus, Downland). Blood samples taken two months postsupplementation showed that unsupplemented lambs had cobalt-deficient status, but not selenium deficiency. Lambs supplemented with the trace element boluses had an increase in DLWG of 49 g/day compared with unsupplemented lambs. This case confirms that cobalt supplementation on deficient farms can be associated with a significant improvement in growth rates of growing lambs on Scottish hill farms.

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Trace element nutrition in the tropical zebu cattle type. Lessons from the Gilgel Gibe catchment, Ethiopia

Afrika Focus ◽

10.1163/2031356x-02701006 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 87-95

Author(s):

Veronique Dermauw

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Trace Element ◽

Bos Indicus ◽

Zebu Cattle ◽

Health Production ◽

Animal Products ◽

Clear Cut ◽

Trace Element Status ◽

The Tropics ◽

The Impact

In the tropics, cattle are majorly dependent on natural pastures growing on poor soils and as a result prone to trace element deficiencies. This work investigated several aspects of trace element nutri¬tion in zebu (Bos indicus) cattle, the most widely used cattle type in the tropics. Through several trials conducted at the Gilgel Gibe catchment, Ethiopia, we aimed to study factors influencing the flow of trace elements from soil to plant and grazing zebu cattle, and to investigate the impact of trace element status on health, production and trace elements in animal products. Overall, trace element, e.g., Cu, deficiencies were widely prevalent. Environment and certain grazing strategies were inti-mately related and affected trace element supply whereas cattle type affected trace element status. The effect of trace element status on trace elements in animal products was obvious, whereas the impact on health and production was less clear-cut.

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PLASMA TRACE ELEMENT STATUS IN BETA-THALASSEMIA TRAIT PATIENTS

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2019.v12i1.28922 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 232

Author(s):

Prabhakaran N ◽

Sudha K ◽

Reshma K ◽

Durgarao Y

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Trace Element ◽

High Performance ◽

Absorption Spectrometry ◽

Beta Thalassemia ◽

Plasma Zinc ◽

Trace Element Status ◽

Apparent Decrease ◽

Thalassemia Trait ◽

Student’S T

Objective: The study aims to evaluate the plasma trace element status in beta-thalassemia trait (BTT) patients and demonstrate the correlation between trace elements and hemoglobin (Hb)-A1, HbA2, and HbF.Methods: The study population consisted of 20 normal individuals and 40 patients with BTT aged between 25 and 55 years of both the sex. Hemoglobin variant analysis was performed in blood samples using cation exchange high-performance liquid chromatography. Patients were labeled as beta-thalassemia trait only if they had HbA2 >3.5% or HbF >2.0%. Plasma zinc was estimated by atomic absorption spectrometry, copper by bathocuproine disulfonate method, and iron by ferrozine method spectrophotometrically. Data were analyzed statistically by Student’s t -test and Pearson’s correlation using software SPSS version 20. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Plasma zinc and copper decreased significantly in BTT patients compared to healthy controls. There was an apparent decrease in plasma iron in these patients. Degree of decline in zinc (p<0.001) was much greater than that of copper (p<0.04). Moreover, there was significant elevation of copper-zinc ratio and iron-zinc ratio (p<0.001) in BTT patients compared to controls. Both HbA1 and HbA2 correlated positively with both copper and iron. Interestingly, HbF showed negative correlation with all the three trace elements in BTT patients.Conclusion: The study highlights marked deficiency of plasma trace elements, hence, the need for periodic assessment and prompt administration of these micronutrients to reduce the complications in BTT patients. Further, ratios are more valuable markers in the determination of trace element status than individual elements.

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Trace elements in soils and crops

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rstb.1979.0087 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 288 (1026) ◽

pp. 15-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Trace Element ◽

Essential Elements ◽

Parent Material ◽

Soil Parameters ◽

Surface Soils ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Trace Element Status ◽

Element Mobilization ◽

Soil Surveys

To demonstrate the total amounts to be expected in soils, the ranges of contents of some 60 trace elements in ten representative Scottish arable surface soils are compared with ranges in soil-forming rocks and with crustal averages. It is, however, the amounts potentially available to plants rather than the total contents that are biologically significant. In temperate climates, trace element mobilization is greatest when weathering takes place under conditions of impeded pedological drainage, leading to the formation of gleyed soils. Mobilized trace elements occur in arable surface soils largely in adsorbed and chelated forms, which are available to plants to a greater or smaller extent depending on the prevailing soil parameters and on the element in question. Different species take up different amounts of trace elements: the proportions in the various plant parts vary with the element and the stage of growth. Information is required about the mobilization and uptake of many elements about which little is at present known but which may affect the functions of essential elements through inter-element interactions. Systematic soil surveys in which soils are mapped by associations related to parent material, with their series related to genetic soil types, provide a useful countrywide guide to trace element status.

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Blood and hair as non-invasive trace element biological indicators in growing rabbits

World Rabbit Science ◽

10.4995/wrs.2019.10654 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 21

Author(s):

George Papadomichelakis ◽

Athanasios C Pappas ◽

Evangelos Zoidis ◽

Georgios Danezis ◽

Konstantinos A Georgiou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Trace Element ◽

Biological Indicators ◽

Organic Selenium ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Trace Element Status ◽

Element Profile ◽

Trace Element Contents ◽

Highly Correlated ◽

Toxic Trace Element

The suitability of blood and hair as non-invasive tools to monitor trace element contents was studied in 48 Hyla male growing rabbits. Three diets with increasing organic selenium (Se) addition (0.1, 0.5 and 2.5 mg/kg) were used to induce alterations in the concentrations of trace elements vs. an unsupplemented diet. In blood, a linear decrease in Co (P<0.001), Cu (P<0.001), Mn (P<0.05), Zn (P<0.05), Sb (P<0.001), As (P<0.001), Cr (P<0.001), Mo (P<0.001), Ni (P<0.001) and Cd (P<0.001) concentrations with increasing dietary Se was observed. In hair, a cubic effect of dietary Se on Co (P<0.01), Cu (P<0.05), Mn (P<0.001), Pb (P<0.05), Mo (P<0.05) and Cd (P<0.05) concentrations was found, while As, Cr and Ni concentrations decreased linearly (P<0.01, P<0.01 and P<0.001, respectively) with increasing dietary Se. Selenium was negatively correlated to Sb, As, Cr, Mo, Ni and Cd, (P<0.001) in blood, and to As (P<0.05), Cr, Ni (P<0.01) and Pb (P<0.05) in hair. The contents of Se, As, Cr and Ni in blood were highly correlated (P<0.001) to those in hair. Blood appeared to be more sensitive than hair in detecting small changes in the trace element profile in rabbits, as was indicated by the discriminant analysis. In conclusion, blood and hair can be suitable biological indicators of essential, toxic and potentially toxic trace element status in rabbits, particularly when used complementarily.

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Effects of a Cumulative, Suboptimal Supply of Multiple Trace Elements in Mice: Trace Element Status, Genomic Stability, Inflammation, and Epigenetics

Molecular Nutrition & Food Research ◽

10.1002/mnfr.202000325 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 64 (16) ◽

pp. 2000325 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hannah Finke ◽

Nicola Winkelbeiner ◽

Kristina Lossow ◽

Barbara Hertel ◽

Viktoria K. Wandt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Trace Element ◽

Genomic Stability ◽

Trace Element Status

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Trace element status of the patients with alopecia areata

Russian Journal of Skin and Venereal Diseases ◽

10.18821/1560-9588-2016-19-3-148-151 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 148-151

Author(s):

Tatiyana V. Nikolaeva

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Trace Element ◽

Alopecia Areata ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Trace Element Analysis ◽

Study Group ◽

Cobalt Chromium ◽

Element Analysis ◽

Iron Copper ◽

Trace Element Status

The issue of trace elements participation in the pathogenesis of alopecia areata and the mechanisms of change in bio-concentrated trace remains unresolved and requires further consideration. Goal. To rate trace element balance in patients with alopecia areata. Material and methods. The study group consisted of patients with focal forms of alopecia areata (n = 100), the comparison group - healthy individuals (n = 100). The estimate of trace element status was performed by comparative analysis of the contents 11 trace elements (zinc, iron, copper, cobalt, chromium, manganese, nickel, strontium, bismuth, cadmium, lead) in whole blood and hair in the study group. Results. The study reported a significant decrease in the level of zinc and iron in a patient’s blood and an increase in bio-concentrate iron, copper, chromium and nickel in hair ofpatients compared with healthy participants. Trace element analysis of whole blood and hair allowed to suggeste that a cause of an arising microelement imbalance is probably an autoimmune inflammation in the skin ofpatients suffering from alopecia areata. Confirmation of this hypothesis requires further comprehensive studies.

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NRF2 Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effects in LPS-Induced gEECs by Inhibiting the Activation of the NF-κB

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2021/9960721 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Hongchu Bao ◽

Qinglan Qu ◽

Wei Zhang ◽

Xinrong Wang ◽

Jianye Fang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽

Target Genes ◽

Related Factor ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Downstream Target ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Nrf2 Knockout ◽

Nuclear Abundance ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Nrf2 Expression

Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) plays an anti-inflammatory role in several pathological processes, but its function in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced goat endometrial epithelial cells (gEECs) is still unknown. We designed a study to investigate the function of NRF2 in LPS-induced gEECs. LPS was found to increase the NRF2 expression and the nuclear abundance of NRF2 in gEECs in a dose-dependent manner. NRF2 knockout (KO) not only increased the expression of LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8) but also increased the expression of TLR4, p-IκBα/IκBα, and p-p65/p65 proteins. Immunoprecipitation experiments showed that NRF2 directly binds to p65 in the nucleus and inhibits the binding of p65 to downstream target genes (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8). Even though a NF-κB/p65 inhibitor (PDTC) reduced the LPS-induced NRF2 expression and nuclear abundance of NRF2, overexpressing TNF-α reversed the inhibitory effects of PDTC on the NRF2 expression and on its abundance in the nucleus. Similarly, knockdown of the proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, or IL-8) significantly decreased the LPS-induced NRF2 expression and NRF2 in the nucleus. In conclusion, our data suggest that proinflammatory cytokines induced by LPS through the TLR4/NF-κB pathway promote the NRF2 expression and its translocation into the nucleus. Our work also suggests that NRF2 inhibits the expression of proinflammatory cytokines by directly binding to p65.

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