scholarly journals Targeted re-sequencing reveals the genomic signatures of multiple barley domestications

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artem Pankin ◽  
Janine Altmüller ◽  
Christian Becker ◽  
Maria von Korff
Keyword(s):  
Wild Barley ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
List Type ◽  
Selective Sweeps ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Genomic Signatures ◽  
Fertile Crescent ◽  
Origin Of Agriculture ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryBarley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is an established model to study domestication of the Fertile Crescent cereals. Recent molecular data suggested that domesticated barley genomes consist of the ancestral blocks descending from multiple wild barley populations. However, the relationship between the mosaic ancestry patterns and the process of domestication itself remained unclear.To address this knowledge gap, we identified candidate domestication genes using selection scans based on targeted resequencing of 433 wild and domesticated barley accessions. We conducted phylogenetic, population structure, and ancestry analyses to investigate the origin of the domesticated barley haplotypes separately at the neutral and candidate domestication loci.We discovered multiple selective sweeps that occurred on all barley chromosomes during domestication in the background of several ancestral wild populations. The ancestry analyses demonstrated that, although the ancestral blocks of the domesticated barley genomes descended from all over the Fertile Crescent, the candidate domestication loci originated specifically in its eastern and western parts.These findings provided first molecular evidence in favor of multiple barley domestications in the Levantine and Zagros clusters of the origin of agriculture.

scholarly journals A note on the systematic position of the Bathynellacea (Crustacea, Malacostraca) using molecular evidence

2002 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 123-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Isabel Camacho ◽  
Isabel Rey ◽  
Beatriz A. Dorda ◽  
Annie Machordom ◽  
Antonio G. Valdecasas
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Data ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Gene Fragment ◽  
16S Rdna Gene ◽  
Internal Morphology ◽  
Mt 16S Rdna ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

Molecular data for the mt 16S rDNA gene fragment of a bathynellacean is here presented for the first time and used to analyze the relationship of the group within the crustacean class Malacostraca (Arthropoda, Bathynellacea). Two contrasting views have classified the bathynelids as being either within the order Syncarida or in a separate super-order Podophallocarida belonging to the infra-class Eonomostraca, a disagreement based mainly on debates over external and internal morphology. The preliminary analyses offered here in question the placement of this Bathynellacea within the Syncarida, and suggest the need for a further study of relationships among the malacostracan groups.

Molecular evidence for the hybrid origin of Rosa lichiangensis (Rosaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 222 (3) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhangming Zhu ◽  
Xinfen Gao
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Natural Hybridization ◽  
Hybrid Origin ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Nuclear Marker

Natural hybridization was assumed to play a significant role in the diversification of Rosa. Rosa lichiangensis was suspected to be of hybrid origin based on its intermediate morphological characters between R. soulieana and R. multiflora var. cathayensis. In this study, four chloroplast regions (ndhC-trnV, ndhF-rpl32, ndhJ-trnF, and psbJ-petA) and a single copy nuclear marker (GAPDH) were used to test the hybrid origin of R. lichiangensis. The results from molecular data supported the hybrid origin of R. lichiangensis and further identified R. soulieana as its maternal progenitor and R. multiflora var. cathayensis as the paternal progenitor.

scholarly journals Metabolic syndrome in psychiatry: advances in understanding and management

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyrus S. H. Ho ◽  
Melvyn W. B. Zhang ◽  
Anselm Mak ◽  
Roger C. M. Ho
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Learning Objectives ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryMetabolic syndrome comprises a number of cardiovascular risk factors that increase morbidity and mortality. The increase in incidence of the syndrome among psychiatric patients has been unanimously demonstrated in recent studies and it has become one of the greatest challenges in psychiatric practice. Besides the use of psychotropic drugs, factors such as genetic polymorphisms, inflammation, endocrinopathies and unhealthy lifestyle contribute to the association between metabolic syndrome and a number of psychiatric disorders. In this article, we review the current diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome and propose clinically useful guidelines for psychiatrists to identify and monitor patients who may have the syndrome. We also outline the relationship between metabolic syndrome and individual psychiatric disorders, and discuss advances in pharmacological treatment for the syndrome, such as metformin.LEARNING OBJECTIVES•Be familiar with the definition of metabolic syndrome and its parameters of measurement.•Appreciate how individual psychiatric disorders contribute to metabolic syndrome and vice versa.•Develop a framework for the prevention, screening and management of metabolic syndrome in psychiatric patients.

Effect of Vibration on Rapeseed Header Loss and Optimization of Header Frame

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 1247-1258
Author(s):  
Yang Li ◽  
Lizhang Xu ◽  
Zhipeng Gao ◽  
En Lu ◽  
Yaoming Li
Keyword(s):  
Modal Analysis ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Vibration Measurement ◽  
List Type ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Combine Harvesters ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

HighlightsThe relationship of vibration and header loss was studied by multi-point vibration measurement and loss collection test.There was an approximately linear positive correlation between total header vibration and total rapeseed header loss.The header frame was analyzed and optimized through modal simulation and testing.The total rapeseed header loss of the improved header was reduced by 33.2% to 46.9%.Abstract. In view of the current large rapeseed header losses of rape combine harvesters, the effects of the header on rapeseed header loss were studied from the perspective of vibration. First, the vibrations at various measuring points on the header during rape harvest were studied using a data acquisition and analysis system while performing collection tests of rapeseed header loss with the sample slot method. The relationships between total header vibration and total rapeseed header loss and between vertical cutter vibration and rapeseed vertical cutter loss were shown to have a positive correlation, and they all increased with the increase in engine speed. Vertical cutter loss accounted for 31.2% to 42.4% of the total rapeseed header loss. Modal analysis and optimization of the header frame were then performed by simulation and test. The natural frequencies of the first-order and second-order modes of the optimized header were increased, and the possibility of resonance with other working parts was eliminated. Finally, the improved header was tested during rape harvest. The results showed that the total vibration of the improved header was reduced by 19.9% to 43.9%, and the total rapeseed header loss was reduced by 33.2% to 46.9%. The vertical cutter vibration was reduced by 30.5% to 49.8%, and the rapeseed vertical cutter loss was reduced by 20.8% to 34.7%. In addition, the vibration and rapeseed loss of the improved header had relatively slow rates of increase with the increase in engine speed. The method of reducing rapeseed loss by reducing the header vibration achieved an obvious and positive effect. Keywords: Frame optimization, Modal analysis, Rape combine harvester, Rapeseed header loss, Vibration.

An ecological explanation for hyperallometric scaling of reproduction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomos Potter ◽  
Anja Felmy
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Resource Competition ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Scaling Exponent ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIn wild populations, large individuals have disproportionately higher reproductive output than smaller individuals. We suggest an ecological explanation for this observation: asymmetry within populations in rates of resource assimilation, where greater assimilation causes both increased reproduction and body size. We assessed how the relationship between size and reproduction differs between wild and lab-reared Trinidadian guppies. We show that (i) reproduction increased disproportionately with body size in the wild but not in the lab, where effects of resource competition were eliminated; (ii) in the wild, the scaling exponent was greatest during the wet season, when resource competition is strongest; and (iii) detection of hyperallometric scaling of reproduction is inevitable if individual differences in assimilation are ignored. We propose that variation among individuals in assimilation – caused by size-dependent resource competition, niche expansion, and chance – can explain patterns of hyperallometric scaling of reproduction in natural populations.

Entomophilic nematodes, Diploscapter coronatus and Oscheius tipulae from Afghanistan

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4926 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-416
Author(s):  
MOHAMMAD HUSSAIN FALAHZADAH ◽  
EBRAHIM SHOKOOHI ◽  
GHOLAM HOSSEIN MORAVEJ ◽  
PHATU WILLIAM MASHELA ◽  
ABDUL KHALID MADADI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morphometric Data ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
The Relationship

Several soil samples from different habitats in Badakhshan province of Afghanistan were collected to isolate and characterize bacteria feeding nematodes. The Galleria mellonella-baiting method was used for the isolation of the Afghan insect-associated nematodes. The nematodes were studied using morphological and morphometric data. The Oscheius specimen was characterized by a longer body (630–820 µm) and shorter pharynx (125–145 µm), whereas other morphological characters were not unusual. The Diploscapter specimen had an annulated cuticle, with lip region width 1.5 times shorter than the stoma, and had separated pharyngeal corpus from the isthmus and vulva located in the middle of the body. The molecular data were derived using three loci; 18S, 28S (D2/D3 segment), and ITS rRNA region, which were utilized to measure the genetic distance. The phylogenetic analysis was conducted to reconstruct the relationship tree. Both morphological and molecular approaches confirmed the identity of nematode isolates as Oscheius tipulae and Diploscapter coronatus. This is the first report of insect-associated nematodes from the soil of Afghanistan. Both species were capable of infecting and killing G. mellonella larvae in less than 96 h. 

Depression impact on the sexual desire

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1549-1549
Author(s):  
M. Lourenço ◽  
L.P. Azevedo ◽  
J.L. Gouveia
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Desire ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
List Type ◽  
Sexual Performance ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

IntroductionDepression as a pathology and the side effects of pharmacology therapy have been pointed proven to be as responsible for the lack of sexual desire. Among the drugs used in the treatment of depression, anti-depressives are the ones mostly connected to sexual dysfunction.Aims /objectivesTo study the relationship between depression and its impact on the sexual desire in psychiatric patients.MethodsThe chosen sample is composed of 89 subjects, 73 females and 16 males, with ages ranging from 21 to 70 years, who present with depressive symptomatology (mild to moderate symptomatology (MMS) and severe symptomatology (SS).To each patient 3 instruments were applied: 1)Questionnaire used to collect demographic and clinical data from the sample;2)Instrument of estimation of the depression degree (BDI - Beck Depression Inventory);3)Instrument of valuation of the sexual desire (SDS - Sexual Desire Scale).ResultsDepression average value obtained with BDI was 25.58 (SD = 11.86). The majority was satisfied with their marital relationship (72.7% and 52.9%, respectively), and the group with most sexual damaged (actual sexual performance regarding sexual desire) being the one with severe depression (54.5% versus 82.4%, respectively). Regarding total SDS value, the group with MMD present with higher levels of sexual desire (M = 54.93; DP = 14.56) than the group with SD (M = 41.82; DP = 11.86).ConclusionsThis study presents an exploratory character and the obtained results revealed that depressive symptomatology severity is directly related with sexual desire, by saying the higher the depression's severity is the lower sexual desire will be.

Riethia (Kieffer 1917) (Diptera: Chironomidae) revised for the Austro-Pacific region

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4646 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER S. CRANSTON
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Standing Waters ◽  
Flowing Waters ◽  
Male Pupa

Riethia Kieffer, known previously from New Zealand for a species stated to be also in Australia plus several Australian and South American species, is revised for the Austro-Pacific region. The three previously-described Australian species Riethia stictoptera Kieffer (the genotype), Riethia cinctipes Freeman and Riethia plumosa Freeman are distinct and valid, and are redescribed in all stages. In contrast, Riethia zeylandica Freeman now is restricted to New Zealand: Australian specimens previously allocated to R. zeylandica belong to several new species recognised on morphology of adult male, pupa and larva, with guidance from molecular data. Most belong to a widespread eastern Australian Riethia azeylandica sp. n.: others are allocated to Riethia hamodivisa sp. n., Riethia paluma sp. n., Riethia phengari sp. n. and Riethia queenslandensis sp. n., each with a more restricted range. From Western Australia three species, Riethia donedwardi sp. n., Riethia noongar sp. n. and Riethia wazeylandica sp. n., are described as new from adult male, pupa and larva. Riethia kakadu sp. n. is described from the monsoonal tropics of Northern Territory from the adult male and tentatively associated pupa. From New Caledonia a reared species is described as Riethia neocaledonica sp. n.. Illustrated identification keys are provided for the males, pupae and larvae. Unassociated larvae that key to reared described species are excluded from type status, and based on morphology and molecular evidence three unreared larval types, ‘A’, ‘B’ and ‘C’, are also described and keyed. Previously reported molecular vouchers are reviewed, and certain Genbank accessions re-identified. Extensive data shows Riethia are distributed almost throughout Australia from standing and flowing waters, from tropics and subtropics to cool temperate Tasmania, but probably only in permanent and standing waters. The immature stages of several taxa can co-occur: as many as four can be found simultaneously in one site. Terminology of the volsellae of the male genitalia and the dorsal head and maxilla of the larva is reviewed. 

Phylogeny of Echiura updated, with a revised taxonomy to reflect their placement in Annelida as sister group to Capitellidae

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryutaro Goto ◽  
James Monnington ◽  
Marija Sciberras ◽  
Isao Hirabayashi ◽  
Greg W. Rouse
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Monterey Bay ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Littoral Zones ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Echiura (commonly called spoon worms) are derived annelids that have an unsegmented sausage-shaped body with a highly extensible anterior end (i.e. a proboscis). Echiura currently contains two superfamilies: Echiurioidea (with Echiuridae, Urechidae and Thalassematidae) and Bonellioidea (with Bonelliidae, and Ikedidae). Ikedidae contains only Ikeda, which is distinctive in having a huge trunk, a highly elongate proboscis with stripes or dots, and numerous gonoducts. A recent molecular phylogeny of Echiura recovered Ikedidae as the sister group to Bonelliidae. However, due to relatively low support values for the monophyly of Bonelliidae, this relationship remains problematic. In this study, we reinvestigated the relationship of Bonelliidae and Ikedidae using an expanded dataset with more taxa and genes. In contrast to the previous results, our analyses strongly support that Ikeda is nested within Bonelliidae due to the placement of Maxmuelleria. On the basis of this result, we synonymise Ikedidae with Bonelliidae and transfer Ikeda to the latter, the diagnosis of which is amended. In addition, we synonymise Urechidae with its sister group Echiuridae because they share the synapomorphy of having anal chaetae rings. Furthermore, considering that recent phylogenetic studies have consistently recovered Echiura as the sister group to Capitelliidae within Annelida, we drop the rank of the echiuran clade to family-level and propose a revised classification: Thalassematidae with two subfamilies, Thalassematinae (with two tribes Echiurini and Thalassematini) and Bonelliinae. In addition, we identified a sample collected from the deep sea (~1820 m) of Monterey Bay, California, based on its molecular data. This terminal unexpectedly formed the sister group to the eight genera of Thalassematini, most members of which are inhabitants of littoral zones.

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