Sclerotinia sclerotiorum hijacks copper from its host for infection

AbstractSclerotinia sclerotiorum induces host reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which leads to necrosis in the host, allowing the pathogen to absorb nutrients from the dead tissues. Here, we found that three S. sclerotiorum genes involved in copper ion import/transport, SsCTR1, SsCCS and SsATX1, were significantly up-regulated during infection of Brassica oleracea. Function analysis revealed that these genes involved in fungal ROS detoxification, oxalic acid production, pathogen establishment and virulence. On the host side, four genes putatively involved in copper ion homeostasis, BolCCS, BolCCH, BolMT2A and BolDRT112, were significantly down-regulated in susceptible B. oleracea, but stably expressed in resistant B. oleracea during infection. Their homologs were found to promote resistance to necrotrophic pathogens and increase antioxidant activity in Arabidopsis thaliana. Furthermore, copper concentration analysis indicated that copper is transported into the necrotic area from healthy area during infection. Collectively, our data suggest that S. sclerotiorum hijacks host copper to detoxify ROS, whereas the resistant hosts restrict the supply of essential copper nutrients to S. sclerotiorum by maintaining copper ion homeostasis during infection.

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Possible Mechanisms of Fullerene C60Antioxidant Action

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2013/821498 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

V. A. Chistyakov ◽

Yu. O. Smirnova ◽

E. V. Prazdnova ◽

A. V. Soldatov

Keyword(s):

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Density Functional Theory ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Mitochondrial Respiration ◽

Density Functional ◽

Positive Charge ◽

Ros Production ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Functional Theory ◽

Mild Uncoupling

Novel mechanism of antioxidant activity of buckminsterfullerene C60based on protons absorbing and mild uncoupling of mitochondrial respiration and phosphorylation was postulated. In the present study we confirm this hypothesis using computer modeling based on Density Functional Theory. Fullerene's geroprotective activity is sufficiently higher than those of the most powerful reactive oxygen species scavengers. We propose here that C60has an ability to acquire positive charge by absorbing inside several protons and this complex could penetrate into mitochondria. Such a process allows for mild uncoupling of respiration and phosphorylation. This, in turn, leads to the decrease in ROS production.

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Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid Attenuates the Oxidative Stress-Induced Decrease of CD33 Expression in Human Monocytes

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2013/375893 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Silvia Guzmán-Beltrán ◽

José Pedraza-Chaverri ◽

Susana Gonzalez-Reyes ◽

Fernando Hernández-Sánchez ◽

Ulises E. Juarez-Figueroa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Oxidant Stress ◽

Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid ◽

Larrea Tridentata ◽

Ros Production ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Human Monocytes

Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) is a natural lignan with recognized antioxidant and beneficial properties that is isolated fromLarrea tridentata. In this study, we evaluated the effect of NDGA on the downregulation of oxidant stress-induced CD33 in human monocytes (MNs). Oxidative stress was induced by iodoacetate (IAA) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and was evaluated using reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and cell viability. NDGA attenuates toxicity, ROS production and the oxidative stress-induced decrease of CD33 expression secondary to IAA or H2O2in human MNs. It was also shown that NDGA (20 μM) attenuates cell death in the THP-1 cell line that is caused by treatment with either IAA or H2O2. These results suggest that NDGA has a protective effect on CD33 expression, which is associated with its antioxidant activity in human MNs.

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Plastoquinone: possible involvement in plant disease resistance.

Acta Biochimica Polonica ◽

10.18388/abp.2002_3785 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 49 (3) ◽

pp. 775-780 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Urszula Maciejewska ◽

Lidia Polkowska-Kowalczyk ◽

Ewa Swiezewska ◽

Anna Szkopinska

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Disease Resistance ◽

Plant Disease Resistance ◽

Plant Disease ◽

Solanum Nigrum ◽

Ros Production ◽

Oxygen Species

The plant Solanum nigrum treated with the pathogen Phytophthora infestans-derived elicitor responded by elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, lipid peroxidation and lipoxygenase (EC 1.13.11.12) activity in comparison with control plants indicating that oxidative stress took place. We demonstrate that these events are accompanied by a significant increase in plastoquinone (PQ) level. It is postulated that PQ may be associated with mechanisms maintaining a tightly controlled balance between the accumulation of ROS and antioxidant activity that determines the full expression of effective defence.

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Nanotechnologies. 5-(and 6)-Chloromethyl-2',7' Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (CM-H2DCF- DA) assay for evaluating nanoparticle-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line

10.3403/30284328u ◽

2016 ◽

Keyword(s):

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Cell Line ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Raw 264.7 ◽

Ros Production ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Macrophage Cell Line ◽

Macrophage Cell ◽

Raw 264.7 Macrophage

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Reactive Oxygen Species in Host Plant Are Required for an Early Defense Response against Attack of Stagonospora nodorum Berk. Necrotrophic Effectors SnTox

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10081586 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1586

Author(s):

Svetlana Veselova ◽

Tatyana Nuzhnaya ◽

Guzel Burkhanova ◽

Sergey Rumyantsev ◽

Igor Maksimov

Keyword(s):

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Early Stage ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Redox Status ◽

Stagonospora Nodorum ◽

Ros Generation ◽

Ros Production ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Necrotrophic Effectors

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a central role in plant immune responses. The most important virulence factors of the Stagonospora nodorum Berk. are multiple fungal necrotrophic effectors (NEs) (SnTox) that affect the redox-status and cause necrosis and/or chlorosis in wheat lines possessing dominant susceptibility genes (Snn). However, the effect of NEs on ROS generation at the early stages of infection has not been studied. We studied the early stage of infection of various wheat genotypes with S nodorum isolates -Sn4VD, SnB, and Sn9MN, carrying a different set of NE genes. Our results indicate that all three NEs of SnToxA, SnTox1, SnTox3 significantly contributed to cause disease, and the virulence of the isolates depended on their differential expression in plants (Triticum aestivum L.). The Tsn1–SnToxA, Snn1–SnTox1and Snn3–SnTox3 interactions played an important role in inhibition ROS production at the initial stage of infection. The Snn3–SnTox3 inhibited ROS production in wheat by affecting NADPH-oxidases, peroxidases, superoxide dismutase and catalase. The Tsn1–SnToxA inhibited ROS production in wheat by affecting peroxidases and catalase. The Snn1–SnTox1 inhibited the production of ROS in wheat by mainly affecting a peroxidase. Collectively, these results show that the inverse gene-for gene interactions between effector of pathogen and product of host sensitivity gene suppress the host’s own PAMP-triggered immunity pathway, resulting in NE-triggered susceptibility (NETS). These results are fundamentally changing our understanding of the development of this economical important wheat disease.

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Production and scavenging of reactive oxygen species both affect reproductive success in male and female Drosophila melanogaster

Biogerontology ◽

10.1007/s10522-021-09922-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Biz R. Turnell ◽

Luisa Kumpitsch ◽

Klaus Reinhardt

Keyword(s):

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Cellular Aging ◽

Ros Production ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Wild Type ◽

Ros Scavenging ◽

Respiratory Pathway ◽

Male And Female

AbstractSperm aging is accelerated by the buildup of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which cause oxidative damage to various cellular components. Aging can be slowed by limiting the production of mitochondrial ROS and by increasing the production of antioxidants, both of which can be generated in the sperm cell itself or in the surrounding somatic tissues of the male and female reproductive tracts. However, few studies have compared the separate contributions of ROS production and ROS scavenging to sperm aging, or to cellular aging in general. We measured reproductive fitness in two lines of Drosophila melanogaster genetically engineered to (1) produce fewer ROS via expression of alternative oxidase (AOX), an alternative respiratory pathway; or (2) scavenge fewer ROS due to a loss-of-function mutation in the antioxidant gene dj-1β. Wild-type females mated to AOX males had increased fecundity and longer fertility durations, consistent with slower aging in AOX sperm. Contrary to expectations, fitness was not reduced in wild-type females mated to dj-1β males. Fecundity and fertility duration were increased in AOX and decreased in dj-1β females, indicating that female ROS levels may affect aging rates in stored sperm and/or eggs. Finally, we found evidence that accelerated aging in dj-1β sperm may have selected for more frequent mating. Our results help to clarify the relative roles of ROS production and ROS scavenging in the male and female reproductive systems.

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The Effects of Bioactive Compounds from Blueberry and Blackcurrant Powder on Oat Bran Pastes: Enhancing In Vitro Antioxidant Activity and Reducing Reactive Oxygen Species in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Raw264.7 Macrophages

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10030388 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 388

Author(s):

Xiao Dan Hui ◽

Gang Wu ◽

Duo Han ◽

Xi Gong ◽

Xi Yang Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Raw264.7 Macrophages ◽

Oat Bran

In this study, blueberry and blackcurrant powder were chosen as the phenolic-rich enrichments for oat bran. A Rapid Visco Analyser was used to form blueberry and blackcurrant enriched oat pastes. An in vitro digestion process evaluated the changes of phenolic compounds and the in vitro antioxidant potential of extracts of pastes. The anthocyanidin profiles in the extracts were characterised by the pH differential method. The results showed that blueberry and blackcurrant powder significantly increased the content of phenolic compounds and the in vitro antioxidant capacity of pastes, while the total flavonoid content decreased after digestion compared to the undigested samples. Strong correlations between these bioactive compounds and antioxidant values were observed. Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages were used to investigate the intracellular antioxidant activity of the extracts from the digested oat bran paste with 25% enrichment of blueberry or blackcurrant powder. The results indicated that the extracts of digested pastes prevented the macrophages from experiencing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation, mainly by the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signalling pathway. These findings suggest that the bioactive ingredients from blueberry and blackcurrant powder enhanced the in vitro and intracellular antioxidant capacity of oat bran pastes, and these enriched pastes have the potential to be utilised in the development of the functional foods.

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Reactive oxygen species rescue regeneration after silencing the MAPK–ERK signaling pathway in Schmidtea mediterranea

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-79588-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

V. Jaenen ◽

S. Fraguas ◽

K. Bijnens ◽

M. Heleven ◽

T. Artois ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Light Therapy ◽

Erk Signaling ◽

Model Organisms ◽

Ros Production ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Planarian Regeneration ◽

Egfr Signaling Pathway

AbstractDespite extensive research on molecular pathways controlling the process of regeneration in model organisms, little is known about the actual initiation signals necessary to induce regeneration. Recently, the activation of ERK signaling has been shown to be required to initiate regeneration in planarians. However, how ERK signaling is activated remains unknown. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are well-known early signals necessary for regeneration in several models, including planarians. Still, the probable interplay between ROS and MAPK/ERK has not yet been described. Here, by interfering with major mediators (ROS, EGFR and MAPK/ERK), we were able to identify wound-induced ROS, and specifically H2O2, as upstream cues in the activation of regeneration. Our data demonstrate new relationships between regeneration-related ROS production and MAPK/ERK activation at the earliest regeneration stages, as well as the involvement of the EGFR-signaling pathway. Our results suggest that (1) ROS and/or H2O2 have the potential to rescue regeneration after MEK-inhibition, either by H2O2-treatment or light therapy, (2) ROS and/or H2O2 are required for the activation of MAPK/ERK signaling pathway, (3) the EGFR pathway can mediate ROS production and the activation of MAPK/ERK during planarian regeneration.

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Somatic production of reactive oxygen species does not predict its production in sperm cells across Drosophila melanogaster lines

BMC Research Notes ◽

10.1186/s13104-021-05550-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Biz R. Turnell ◽

Luisa Kumpitsch ◽

Anne-Cécile Ribou ◽

Klaus Reinhardt

Keyword(s):

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Future Research ◽

Ros Production ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Loss Of Function ◽

Wild Type ◽

Ros Scavenging ◽

Transport Chain

Abstract Objective Sperm ageing has major evolutionary implications but has received comparatively little attention. Ageing in sperm and other cells is driven largely by oxidative damage from reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by the mitochondria. Rates of organismal ageing differ across species and are theorized to be linked to somatic ROS levels. However, it is unknown whether sperm ageing rates are correlated with organismal ageing rates. Here, we investigate this question by comparing sperm ROS production in four lines of Drosophila melanogaster that have previously been shown to differ in somatic mitochondrial ROS production, including two commonly used wild-type lines and two lines with genetic modifications standardly used in ageing research. Results Somatic ROS production was previously shown to be lower in wild-type Oregon-R than in wild-type Dahomey flies; decreased by the expression of alternative oxidase (AOX), a protein that shortens the electron transport chain; and increased by a loss-of-function mutation in dj-1β, a gene involved in ROS scavenging. Contrary to predictions, we found no differences among these four lines in the rate of sperm ROS production. We discuss the implications of our results, the limitations of our study, and possible directions for future research.

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