scholarly journals Potentials of Aqueous Extract of Bambusa vulgaris to Reactivate β-Cells of Pancreas in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
MO. Akiibinu ◽  
OS. Folawuyo ◽  
IO. Oyekan ◽  
I. Ibikunle ◽  
OT. Kolawole ◽  
...  

AbstractAbility of the damaged pancreas to generate new β-cells when activated with external stimuli has been documented. This study assessed the potentials of aqueous extract of bambusa vulgaris leaf to reactivate damaged β-cells in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Eighteen healthy male Wistar rats (12 weeks old; weight= between 150 and 200g) were used for this study. The rats were randomly divided into three groups (six per group); group A (un-induced); group B (untreated alloxan-induced diabetics); group C (alloxan-induced diabetics treated with 200mg/kg body weight of freshly prepared extract of bambusa vulgaris leaf). Fasting blood sugar (FBS) and plasma insulin levels were determined in all animals using glucometer and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay methods respectively. Sections of pancreas tissues were prepared for histology. IDDM was confirmed in groups B and C (FBS increased significantly=p<0.05) after 2 days of alloxan administration). The FBS remained significantly (p>0.05) higher in group B, compared to group A, but reduced significantly (p<0.05) in group C after 7 days of treatment with bambusa vulgaris leaf extract. On the 7th day, plasma insulin level decreased significantly (p<0.05) in group B, but no significant difference observed in group C compared with group A. Histology reports showed damaged pancreas in group B, while Group C showed normal islet cells after 7 days of oral administration of bambusa vulgaris extract. In conclusion, aqueous extract of Bambusa vulgaris could restore the activities of alloxan-damaged pancreas. The extract could be a reliable alternative to synthetic pharmaceuticals in the treatment IDDM.

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Z Abijo ◽  
O O Adeeyo ◽  
O A Komolafe ◽  
O S Saka ◽  
V K Abodunrin

The study evaluated the effects of moringa oleifeira on the histoarchitecture of the cerebral cortex, the body weight and brain weight of young wistar rats. Fifteen (15) young wistar rats of both sexes weighing 20-30g were used for this study. They were randomly assigned into three groups (A, B and C) of five rats each. Group A served as control and received distilled water, group B and C received 100 mg/kg and 200mg/kg of moringa oleifera respectively. Treatment lasted for a period of 6 weeks (orally). Rats were weighed and sacrificed under ketamine (30 mg/kg) anaesthesia. The cerebrum was harvested and fixed immediately in 10% formolcalcium, for further histological processing. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze data, followed by Newan-Keuls (SNK) for multiple comparisons. The results showed that there was significant increase in the feed intake of animals in groups B and C starting from the 4th week of administration. There was no significant difference in the relative brain weight and the mean weight of the rats in group B and C when compared with group A. Histological findings revealed that there was slight distortion in group B and more distortion in group C when compared with the normal histoarchitecture in control group A. The results obtained from this study showed that high doses of Moringa oleifera caused damage of some parts of histoarchitecture of the frontal cortex of developing wistarKey words: MORINGA OLEIFERA; Cerebrum; Frontal Cortex


QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gamal Elsayed Mady ◽  
Walid Ahmed Bichari ◽  
Mostafa Abdelnassier Abdelgawad ◽  
Lina Essam Khedr ◽  
Khaled Mohamed Rezk ◽  
...  

Abstract Introduction Inflammation in patients with ESRD undergoing HD is an increasing concern for physicians and has been related to increase the rates of morbidity and mortality. Interestingly, patients with ESRD in conventional HD have frequent infections and a suboptimal response to vaccines; this is probably related to an immune inflammatory disorder associated either with uremia and/or nutritional status. In addition to CRP, which seems to be the most important marker for the identification and control of inflammation in clinical practice, many other markers are also available for the evaluation of inflammatory state. Decreased renal clearance clearly accounts for higher levels of circulating cytokines, although increased production has also been described. Hemodiafiltration has been shown to improve cardio-protection and the immunologic system and reduces infection and mortality compared with conventional HD. A recent study showed that hemodiafiltration compared with conventional HD reduced the risk of mortality in ESRD patients. Analysis of pooled individual participant data from randomized controlled trials has shown survival benefits of high volume-HDF on all-cause mortality and especially cardiovascular mortality rate. The mechanisms that lead to improved outcomes are not clear, but it is thought that HDF may reduce the production of inflammatory mediators through the use of biocompatible dialysers and ultrapure dialysate and also improve clearance of larger molecular weight substances, many of which are associated with oxidative stress, inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. Objective The aim of this study is to detect, prospectively, the effect of 3 months dialysis with Hemodiafiltration on inflammatory and nutritional biomarkers in comparison to conventional dialysis with high flux dialyzer in stable HD patients. Patients and methods 30 adults aged 20-75 years who were selected from Dialysis Unit, Kobary El-Kobba Military Hospital. 30 male patients known to have chronic kidney disease and are on dialysis with high flux dialyzer more than 3 months were divided into 2 groups:15 Patients are shifted to be on dialysis with HDF and 15 Patients are continued to be on Regular Hemodialysis with high flux dialyzer. Full medical history and clinical examination. Anthropometric measurements and Laboratory investigations including Complete Blood Picture (WBCs, platelets, Hb), Coagulation profile PT, PTT&INR, Liver function tests (ALT, AST, T. Bilirubin and S. Albumin), Lipid profile (Triglycerides, total cholesterol, VLDL), S. creatinine, BUN, Na, K, Uric acid, Total Proteins, Serum Calcium, Serum Phosphorus, PTH, Serum ferritin, High sensitivity CRP (Enzyme- Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)) and IL6 (ELISA). Results The current study was conducted on 30 patients with chronic kidney disease on regular dialysis. The patients were divided into two groups A representing patients on hemodiafiltration (n = 15) and group B representing patients on dialysis with high flux dialyzer (n = 15). A high statistical significant difference (P &lt; 0.01) was found regarding K 4.3±0.6 meq/l in group A while it is 5.2±0.5 meq/l in group B, a high statistical significant difference (P &lt; 0.01) was found regarding phosphorus 4.6±1.0 mg/dl in group A while it is 6.1±0.9 mg/dl in group B and no statistical significant difference (P &gt; 0.05) was found as regard the uric acid. A statistical significant difference (P &lt; 0.05) was found regarding CRP 63.5±40.9 mg/dl in group A while it is 73.4±33.2 mg/dl in group B, a statistical significant difference (P &lt; 0.01) was found regarding IL6 85.3±37.6 mg/dl in group A while it is 156.7±151.9 mg/dl in group B after 3 months and no statistical significant difference (P &gt; 0.05) was found as regard those inflammatory markers before 3 months. A statistical significant difference (P &lt; 0.05) was found regarding CRP. A statistical significant difference (P &lt; 0.05) was found regarding IL6. Conclusion The present study revealed that there was no significant change in CRP and IL6 in patients on HDF compared to patients undergoing hemodialysis with high flux dialyzer before 3 months but there was a significant decrease in CRP and IL6 in patients on HDF compared to patients undergoing hemodialysis with high flux dialyzer after 3 months.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiao-bin CHEN ◽  
Dong-mei LI ◽  
Qiong FANG ◽  
Lang CHEN ◽  
Xin ZHENG

Abstract Background Epilepsy in children seriously affects the quality of life and learning ability of children.And it is very important for repairing the brain function of children after seizure.In this study ,we will investigates the neuroprotective effects of NGF and FPS-ZM1 by measuring HMGB1of hippocampus and serum after intervening the rats with NGF and FPS-ZM1. It would provide theoretical basis for the treatment of brain injury caused by epilepsy. Methods 130 Wistar male young rats were randomly divided into three groups: Group A (normal control group including 31 rats), group B (epilepsy group including 33 rats), group C (NGF group including 33 rats), group D (FPS-ZM1 group including 33 rats).9 living rats were randomly selected at 3hours,24hours and 72hours after the intervention from each group, blood samples and the hippocampus were taken .The expression of HMGB1 in hippocampus was measured by Western-blot, and the content of HMGB1 in serum was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The expression of HMGB1 in hippocampus and serum at each time point of group B was significantly higher than that of group A (P < 0.01 ). And there was no significant difference among of 3h, 24h and 72h. The expression of HMGB1 in hippocampus and serum of group C and D was lower than that of group B at each time point, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). In group D, the expressions of HMGB1 in hippocampus and serum of group D were lower than that of group C at 3hours and 24 hours, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05), But there was no significant difference between group C and group D at 72 hours (P > 0.05). Conclusion HMGB1 was significantly increased in hippocampus and serum of epileptic rats, it was suggested that HMGB1 was involved in the inflammatory process of epilepsy and HMGB1 could be used as a marker of brain injury degree after seizure. NGF and FPS-ZM1 had the effect of repairing the brain after seizure. FPS-ZM1 is superior to NGF in the protection of nervous system.


2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Richard Agbonluai Ehimigbai

ABSTRACT The aim of the study is to assess the effect of aqeueous extract of  bitter leaf on egg yolk induced kidney toxicity in adult wistar rat. A total of 44 (forty four) adult wistar rats weighing between 220 g to 250 g were separated into 4 groups of 11 rats per group. Group A rats were placed on normal diet only while Group B rats received 300 mg/ kg body weight / day (BWT/D) of egg yolk. Group C rats received 250mg / kg BWT/D of bitter leaf. Group D rats received 300 mg/ kg BWT/D of egg yolk and 250mg / kg BWT/D of bitter leaf. The dosage were given for 32 days via orogastric method. The biochemical outcome showed that group B revealed marked elevation in the urea, SOD, cholesterol level when compared with the other groups. Histologically, group B showed a mild vascular obstruction and patchy tubular necrosis, while group A, C and D revealed normal architecture of the kidney. We can therefore concluded that the aqueous extract of bitter leaf have antioxidative and neproprotective properties against egg yolk induced kidney toxicity in wistar rat.


Author(s):  
A. J. Ajibade ◽  
P. B. Fakunle ◽  
T. J. Adetunji ◽  
B. D. Kehinde

Carica papaya Linn. (Family: Caricaceae) is a perennial, herbaceous plant used traditionally among the Yoruba tribe of Nigeria for the treatment of various human and veterinary diseases including malaria, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, Jaundice, intestinal helminthiasis. Therefore, this study was designed to assess some of the effects of aqueous extract of C. papaya leaf on the liver of Streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic adult wistar rats. Experimental diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg STZ freshly dissolved in 0.1M Sodium Citrate at PH buffer at 4.5. Hyperglycemia was confirmed four days after injection by measuring the tail vein blood glucose level with an Accu-Check Sensor Comfort Glucometer (Roche, Mexico City). Only the animals with fasting blood glucose levels <200 mg/dl were considered diabetic. A total number of 48 adult wistar rats weighing between 100 -250 g of both sexes were used for this study. The rats were acclimatized to the experimental room having temperature of 25°C. Four groups were used for this study, group A served as the control which were fed with feeds and water ad libitum daily for six weeks and group B,C &D  were induced with 60 mg/kg of STZ after which were diagnosed of diabetes after 4 days of induction. Group B served as the diabetic control group and were fed with only feed and water ad libitum daily for six weeks whereas, group C and D were treated with different doses of C. papaya extract (1.5 and 3.0 mg/100 mL) as drinking water daily for six week and were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and the liver was removed and weighed before fixing in 10% formol saline for histological procedures. The result showed a significant decrease in body weight of diabetic -induced rats (P<0.05) while the body weights  increased significantly (P<0.05) in diabetic induced rats treated  with 1.5 and 3.0 g/100 mL of the aqueous extract of C. Papaya leaves when the initial and final weights of the rats were compared at the end of treatment. However, the liver weights increased significantly (P<0.05) in diabetic induced rats when compared with the diabetic rats treated with extract. The aqueous extract of C. papaya (1.5 and 3.0 g/100 mL) significantly decreased (P<0.05) blood glucose levels in diabetic treated rats. There was significant increase in serum biomarker enzymes: ALT, AST and ALP in diabetic rats (Group B) at P<0.05 when compared with control rats (Group A). Conversely, biomarker hepatic enzymes: ALT, AST and ALP decreased significantly (P<0.05) in diabetic rats treated with 1.5 and 3.0 g/100 mL aqueous extract of C. papaya leaves when compared with both Group A and Group B. The histological section of the liver of diabetic rats treated with 3.0 g/100 mL aqueous extract of C. papaya leaves showed improvement in hepatic histo-architecture as the extract ameliorated hepatic morphological disruption occasioned by induced diabetes in wistar rats. This study concluded that aqueous extract of C. papaya leaf ameliorated hepatic induced damage in the liver of Streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic adult wistar rats.


2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 133-139
Author(s):  
Yasser Hamdy ◽  
Mohammed Mahmoud Mostafa ◽  
Ahmed Elminshawy

Background: Functional tricuspid valve regurgitation secondary to left-sided valve disease is common. DeVega repair is simple, but residual regurgitation with subsequent impairment of the right ventricular function is a concern. This study aims to compare tricuspid valve repair using DeVega vs. ring annuloplasty and their impact on the right ventricle in the early postoperative period and after six months. Methods: This is a prospective cohort study of 51 patients with rheumatic heart disease who underwent tricuspid valve repair for secondary severe tricuspid regurgitation. Patients were divided into two groups: group A; DeVega repair (n=34) and group B; ring annuloplasty repair (n=17). Patients were assessed clinically and by echocardiography before discharge and after six months for the degree of tricuspid regurgitation, right ventricular diameter and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE). Results: Preoperative echocardiographic assessment showed no difference in left ventricular end-systolic diameter, end-diastolic diameter, ejection fraction and right ventricular diameter, however; group A had significantly better preoperative right ventricular function measured by TAPSE (1.96 ± 0.27 vs1.75 ± 0.31 cm; p=0.02). Group B had significantly longer cardiopulmonary bypass time (127.65 ± 13.56 vs. 111.74 ± 18.74 minutes; p= 0.003) and ischemic time (99.06 ± 11.80 vs. 87.15 ± 16.01 minutes; p= 0.009). Pre-discharge, there was no statistically significant difference in the degree of tricuspid regurgitation, but the right ventricular diameter was significantly lower in group B (2.66 ± 0.41 and 2.40 ± 0.48 cm; p=0.049). After six months of follow up, the degree of tricuspid regurgitation (p= 0.029) and the right ventricular diameter were significantly lower in the ring annuloplasty group (2.56 ± 0.39 and 2.29 ± 0.44 cm; p=0.029). Although there was a statistically significant difference in preoperative TAPSE, this difference disappeared after six months. Conclusion: Both DeVega and ring annuloplasty techniques were effective in the early postoperative period, ring annuloplasty was associated with lesser residual regurgitation and better right ventricular remodeling in severe functional tricuspid regurgitation than DeVega procedure after 6-months of follow up.


2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tayyaba Gul Malik ◽  
Hina Nadeem ◽  
Eiman Ayesha ◽  
Rabail Alam

Objective: To study the effect of short-term use of oral contraceptive pills on intra-ocular pressures of women of childbearing age.   Methods: It was a comparative observational study, conducted at Arif memorial teaching hospital and Allied hospital Faisalabad for a period of six months. Hundred female subjects were divided into two groups of 50 each. Group A, included females, who had been taking oral contraceptive pills (OCP) for more than 6 months and less than 36 months. Group B, included 50 age-matched controls, who had never used OCP. Ophthalmic and systemic history was taken. Careful Slit lamp examination was performed and intraocular pressures (IOP) were measured using Goldman Applanation tonometer. Fundus examination was done to rule out any posterior segment disease. After collection of data, we analyzed and compared the intra ocular pressures between the two groups by using ANOVA in SPSS version 21.   Results: Average duration of using OCP was 14.9 months. There was no significant difference of Cup to Disc ratios between the two groups (p= 0.109). However, significant difference was noted between the IOP of OCP group and controls. (p=0.000). Conclusion: OCP significantly increase IOP even when used for short time period.


Author(s):  
Rajendra Joshi ◽  
N. B. Mashetti ◽  
Rakesh Kumar Gujar

Dushta Vrana is a common and frequently encountered problem faced in surgical practice. The presence of Dushta Vrana worsens the condition of the patient with different complications and may become fatal. Local factors on wound like slough, infection and foreign body, affect the normal process of healing. A healthy wound in a normal body heals earlier with a minimum scar as compared to a contaminated wound. Therefore in this study all the efforts are made to make a Dushta Vrana into a Shuddha Vrana. Once the Vrana becomes Shuddha, Ropana of the Vrana will start. The objective of the study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Jatyadi Taila and Jatyadi Ghrita in Dushta Vrana. Clinically diagnosed 60 Patients of Dushta Vrana were randomly divided into two groups, each consisting of 30 Patients. Group A were treated with the Jatyadi Taila and Group B was treated by Jatyadi Ghrita. The results observed was based on the relief obtained on the subjective and objective parameters taken for consideration for this study viz, size of ulcer, discharge, smell, pain, burning sensation, itching and granulation were found significant (P Lass Than 0.05). On the basis of assessment criteria and overall result of treatment, the patients of Jatyadi Taila group showed better results when compared to Jatyadi Ghrita group. Even though statistically there is no much significant difference between the two groups, but by seeing the effect on individual parameters (subjective and objective) and over all response, Jatyadi Taila seems to be effective when compared to Jatyadi Ghrita. It is having more Ropana qualities when compared to Shodhana.


Author(s):  
Patil Aniket ◽  
Dindore Pallavi ◽  
Arbar Aziz ◽  
Kadam Avinash ◽  
Saroch Vikas

The quest for excellence in mental and physical health is not new. We find various references and formulations in Ayurvedic classics meant for promoting mental and physical health of a child. Suvarna Prashan is one of the formulations explained in age old Ayurvedic classic Kashyap Samhita. This formulation is very widely used now days as a memory and immune booster for children. But there is very little systematic documented study which can be used to evaluate the efficacy of the formulation. Suvarna Bhasma was prepared in Ayurved Rasayani Pharmacy, Pune. Madhu and Ghrita were collected from KLE Ayurveda Pharmacy, Belgaum. Suvarna Bindu Prashan was prepared in KLE Ayurved pharmacy, Belgaum. It contains Suvarna Bhasma, Ghrita and Madhu. Twenty apparently healthy male and female children with age group of three to four years were ready to sign inform consent form were selected into two groups each. Subjects in Group A received Suvarna Bindu Prashan where as Group B (Control group) did not receive any treatment. Both the groups were observed for six months. Children in Suvarna Bindu Prashan group showed significant reduction in the scores of eating habits, behavior, mood, temperament and scores of event of illness. However there was no significant difference in the score of sleeping habit. There was significant increase in IQ percentage.


Author(s):  
Mohamed I. Refaat ◽  
Amr K. Elsamman ◽  
Adham Rabea ◽  
Mohamed I. A. Hewaidy

Abstract Background The quest for better patient outcomes is driving to the development of minimally invasive spine surgical techniques. There are several evidences on the use of microsurgical decompression surgery for degenerative lumbar spine stenosis; however, few of these studies compared their outcomes with the traditional laminectomy technique. Objectives The aim of our study was to compare outcomes following microsurgical decompression via unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression (ULBD) of the spinal canal to the standard open laminectomy for cases with lumbar spinal stenosis. Subjects and methods Cases were divided in two groups. Group (A) cases were operated by conventional full laminectomy; Group (B) cases were operated by (ULBD) technique. Results from both groups were compared regarding duration of surgery, blood loss, perioperative complication, and postoperative outcome and patient satisfaction. Results There was no statistically significant difference between both groups regarding the improvement of visual pain analogue, while improvement of neurogenic claudication outcome score was significant in group (B) than group (A). Seventy-three percent of group (A) cases and 80% of group (B) stated that surgery met their expectations and were satisfied from the outcome. Conclusion Comparing ULBD with traditional laminectomy showed the efficacy of the minimally invasive technique in obtaining good surgical outcome and patient satisfaction. There was no statistically significant difference between both groups regarding the occurrence of complications The ULBD technique was found to respect the posterior spinal integrity and musculature, accompanied with less blood loss, shorter hospital stays, and shorter recovery periods than the open laminectomy technique.


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