Ameliorative effect of aqueous extract of bitter leaf on egg yolk induced kidney toxicity in adult wistar rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Richard Agbonluai Ehimigbai
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Kidney Toxicity ◽  
Ameliorative Effect ◽  
Group A ◽  
Vascular Obstruction ◽  
Group B

ABSTRACT The aim of the study is to assess the effect of aqeueous extract of  bitter leaf on egg yolk induced kidney toxicity in adult wistar rat. A total of 44 (forty four) adult wistar rats weighing between 220 g to 250 g were separated into 4 groups of 11 rats per group. Group A rats were placed on normal diet only while Group B rats received 300 mg/ kg body weight / day (BWT/D) of egg yolk. Group C rats received 250mg / kg BWT/D of bitter leaf. Group D rats received 300 mg/ kg BWT/D of egg yolk and 250mg / kg BWT/D of bitter leaf. The dosage were given for 32 days via orogastric method. The biochemical outcome showed that group B revealed marked elevation in the urea, SOD, cholesterol level when compared with the other groups. Histologically, group B showed a mild vascular obstruction and patchy tubular necrosis, while group A, C and D revealed normal architecture of the kidney. We can therefore concluded that the aqueous extract of bitter leaf have antioxidative and neproprotective properties against egg yolk induced kidney toxicity in wistar rat.

scholarly journals Effects of Aqueous Extract of Ocimum gratissimum Leaves and Vitamin C on Lead Acetate-induced Changes in the Thymus of Adult Wistar Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
G. N. Okechukwu ◽  
E. Ezor ◽  
E. Finbarrs-Bello ◽  
L. N. Ebube ◽  
G. C. Uzomba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Lead Toxicity ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Ocimum Gratissimum ◽  
Ameliorative Effect ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Induced Changes

Lead is a heavy metal found in earth’s crust. It is a widespread and insidious environmental toxin known as a severe and aggressive contaminant to human and animal organisms’ health status. This work is aimed at evaluating the effect of aqueous extract of Ocimum gratissimum (OG) on lead induced changes in the thymus of adult albino wistar rats. Thirty five male Wistar rats were used in the study and were randomly divided into seven groups with five rats in each group. The rats in Group one (G1) served as the Control and received distilled water. Group 2 received 120 mg/kg body weight (bwt) of lead acetate, G3 received 375 mg/kg bwt of OG only. G4 received 120 mg/kg bwt of lead acetate and OG extract at 375 mg/kg bwt., G5 received 120 mg/kg bwt of lead and OG at 750 mg/kg bwt. G6 received 375 mg/kg bwt of OG in two weeks followed by 120 mg/kg bwt of lead acetate for one week, while G7 received 120 mg/kg bwt of lead acetate and Vitamin C at 11900 mg/kg. All the administrations were carried out orally for twenty one (21) days. At the end of the administration, the rats were fasted for 24 hours. They weighted and humanely sacrificed via cervical dislocation. The thymus were harvested in all the groups and prepared for histological studies using routine haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining techniques. The result of the present study shows that lead possessed a distortive effect in the histoarchitecture of thymus of the wistar rat in G2 when compared with G1. Treatment of these experimental animals with vitamin C prove to posses more ameliorative effect in restoring the histoarchitecture on lead toxicity in the thymus closed to normal than OG. Therefore, it is suggested that aqueous extract OG can act via the same pathway as vitamin C, in maintaining the normal histological structures of the thymus of adult albino wistar rat exposed to lead toxicity.

EFFECT OF LEAD NITRATE ON THE TESTIS OF ADULT WISTAR RATS AT DIFFERENT DOSAGE

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Richard Agbonluai EHIMIGBAI
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Lead Nitrate ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Orogastric Tube ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

Introduction The aim of this study was aimed at evaluating the effects of lead nitrate on adult wistar rats.Methodology A total of 32 adult wistar rats weighing between 200 and 240g were divided into 4 groups of 8 rats per group. The control groups (group A) were placed on normal diet, while Group B rats received 35mg/ kg body weight / day of lead nitrate via orogastric tube. Group C rats received 45mg / kg body weight/ day of lead nitrate via orogastric tube. Group D rats received 50 mg/ kg body weight/ day of lead nitrate via orogastric tube and all the dosage were given for 40 days.Results The results in group A, B, C and D showed normal histologic testicular architecture as evidenced by normal seminiferous tubules and interstitial spaces in figure 1, 2, 3 and 4.Conclusion It was concluded that lead nitrate at 35mg/kg, 45mg/kg and 50mg/kg body weight/day was not toxic to the testis of an adult Wistar rats. 

scholarly journals Potentials of Aqueous Extract of Bambusa vulgaris to Reactivate β-Cells of Pancreas in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
MO. Akiibinu ◽  
OS. Folawuyo ◽  
IO. Oyekan ◽  
I. Ibikunle ◽  
OT. Kolawole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bambusa Vulgaris ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

AbstractAbility of the damaged pancreas to generate new β-cells when activated with external stimuli has been documented. This study assessed the potentials of aqueous extract of bambusa vulgaris leaf to reactivate damaged β-cells in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Eighteen healthy male Wistar rats (12 weeks old; weight= between 150 and 200g) were used for this study. The rats were randomly divided into three groups (six per group); group A (un-induced); group B (untreated alloxan-induced diabetics); group C (alloxan-induced diabetics treated with 200mg/kg body weight of freshly prepared extract of bambusa vulgaris leaf). Fasting blood sugar (FBS) and plasma insulin levels were determined in all animals using glucometer and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay methods respectively. Sections of pancreas tissues were prepared for histology. IDDM was confirmed in groups B and C (FBS increased significantly=p<0.05) after 2 days of alloxan administration). The FBS remained significantly (p>0.05) higher in group B, compared to group A, but reduced significantly (p<0.05) in group C after 7 days of treatment with bambusa vulgaris leaf extract. On the 7th day, plasma insulin level decreased significantly (p<0.05) in group B, but no significant difference observed in group C compared with group A. Histology reports showed damaged pancreas in group B, while Group C showed normal islet cells after 7 days of oral administration of bambusa vulgaris extract. In conclusion, aqueous extract of Bambusa vulgaris could restore the activities of alloxan-damaged pancreas. The extract could be a reliable alternative to synthetic pharmaceuticals in the treatment IDDM.

scholarly journals Gambaran histopatologik hati tikus wistar (Rattus norveginus) yang diinduksi monosodium glutamate (msg) dan diberikan sari air bawang daun (Allium fistulosum L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni Nyoman G. Setiani ◽  
Lily Loho ◽  
Poppy Lintong
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
Allium Fistulosum ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

Abstract: Monosodium glutamate (MSG) has been consumed around the world as a food additive in the form of L-glutamic acid. The liver has glutamate receptors, hence its susceptibility to damage due to oxidative stress from consuming excessive MSG. Leek contain antioxidants such as flavonoid, which has potent hepatoprotective properties under certain liver conditions, for the example, oxidative stress, liver fibrosis, and fatty liver. This study aims to see the liver histopathologic findings of wistar rats (Ratus norvegicus) that has been induced by MSG and was given leek juice (Allium fistulosum L.). This was an experimental laboratory study, with 20 wistar rats as subjects. In this study, 173,6 mg per gram body of monosodium glutamate and 20 gram per kilogram body weight of leek juice are administered orally each day. Group A is the negative control group. Group B is given MSG for 14 days. Group C are given MSG for 14 days and were stopped for 5 days. Group D are given MSG for 14 days and were given leek juice. Group A shows normal liver histopathologic features. Group B shows liver cells damage in the form of inflammation and fatty cells. Group C shows regeneration of liver cells but a little bit of inflammation and fatty cells were still found, while in group D there is a wide regeneration of liver cells and there was barely any inflammation and fatty cells. Conclusion: Microscopic features of wistar rat liver after administration of monosodium glutamate for 14 day showed inflammation and fatty cells and then the administration of leek juice for 5 days after MSG administration oon wistar rat showed a wide regeneration of liver cells compared to no administration of leek juice.Keywords: monosodium glutamate, leek, liver. Abstrak: Monosodium glutamate (MSG) telah dikonsumsi di seluruh dunia sebagai penambah rasa makanan dalam bentuk L-glutamic acid (asam glutamat). Hati memiliki resptor terhadap glutamate sehingga rentan mengalami kerusakan akibat stress oksidatif dari konsumsi MSG yang berlebihan. Bawang daun mengandung antioksidan seperti senyawa flavonoid yang memiliki aktivitas hepatoprotektif ampuh pada berbagai kondisi hati seperti strees oksidatif, fibrosis hati, dan perlemakan hati. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat gambaran histopatologik hati tikus wistar (Rattus norvegicus) yang diinduksi MSG dan diberikan sari air bawang daun (Allium fistulosum L.) Jenis penelitian ini eksperimental laboratorik. Subjek penelitian 20 ekor tikus wistar. Pada penelitian ini digunakan monosodium glutamate 173,6mg/gBB/hari dan sari air bawang daun 20g/kgBB/hari yang diberikan secara oral. Kelompok A (kontrol negatif). Kelompok B diberikan MSG selama 14 hari. Kelompok C diberikan MSG selama 14 hari dan dihentikan selama 5 hari. Kelompok D diberikan MSG selama 14 hari dan diberikan sari air bawang daun. Kelompok A memperlihatkan gambaran histopatologik sel hati normal. Kelompok B memperlihatkan hepatitis dan perlemakan sel hati (steatosis). Kelompok C memperlihatkan sel hati regenerasi namun masih terdapat sedikit sel radang dan perlemakan hati sedangkan pada kelompok D tampak sel hati regenerasi yang luas dan hampir tidak ditemukan peradangan dan perlemakan. Simpulan: Gambaran mikroskopik hati tikus wistar setelah pemberian monosodium glutamate selama 14 hari menunjukkan peradangan (hepatitis) dan perlemakan (steatosis mikrovesikular) kemudian pemberian sari air bawang daun selama 5 hari pasca pemberian MSG pada tikus wistar menunjukkan adanya regenerasi sel hati yang lebih luas dibandingkan dengan tanpa pemberian sari air bawang daun. Kata kunci: monosodium glutamate, bawang daun, hati.

scholarly journals Aqueous extract of bitter leaf Vernonia amygdalina Delile (Asterales: Asteraceae) ameliorates testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in Wistar rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abayomi Ajayi ◽  
Titilayo Ige ◽  
Nich Arawa Ude ◽  
Olusegun Dare Omotoso ◽  
Gbenga Olorunshola Alege ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Prostate Enlargement ◽  
Urinary Tract Symptoms ◽  
Ameliorative Effect ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is an age-dependent condition involving prostate enlargement which may lead to lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). This study was designed to study the ameliorative effect of the aqueous extract of bitter leaf Vernonia amygdalina Delile (Asterales: Asteraceae) on testosterone-induced BPH in a rat model. Thirty adult male Wister rats were randomly divided into six groups (A to F), with BPH induced through a single subcutaneous injection of 5 mg/kg of testosterone propionate (TP) and Vernonia amygdalina administered in various doses through oral gavage for 14 days. Group A (control) was administered with distilled water only, group B with 5 mg/kg of TP only, group C with 5 g/mL of V. amygdalina only, group D with 5 mg/kg of TP and 5 g/mL of V. amygdalina, group E with 5 mg/kg of TP and 7.5 g/mL of V. amygdalina and group F with 5 mg/kg of TP and 10 g/ml of V. amygdalina. Results show that testosterone caused histological changes that are similar to the presentation of BPH in the prostate. Aqueous extract of V. amygdalina was observed to ameliorate testosterone-induced histological changes and prostatic parameters especially at higher concentration. This suggests that bitter leaf could be a candidate herb for the treatment of BPH.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Aqueous Extract of Carica papaya Leaf on the Liver of Streptozotocin (STZ)-Induced Diabetic Adult Wistar Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
A. J. Ajibade ◽  
P. B. Fakunle ◽  
T. J. Adetunji ◽  
B. D. Kehinde
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Group A ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Group B

Carica papaya Linn. (Family: Caricaceae) is a perennial, herbaceous plant used traditionally among the Yoruba tribe of Nigeria for the treatment of various human and veterinary diseases including malaria, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, Jaundice, intestinal helminthiasis. Therefore, this study was designed to assess some of the effects of aqueous extract of C. papaya leaf on the liver of Streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic adult wistar rats. Experimental diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg STZ freshly dissolved in 0.1M Sodium Citrate at PH buffer at 4.5. Hyperglycemia was confirmed four days after injection by measuring the tail vein blood glucose level with an Accu-Check Sensor Comfort Glucometer (Roche, Mexico City). Only the animals with fasting blood glucose levels <200 mg/dl were considered diabetic. A total number of 48 adult wistar rats weighing between 100 -250 g of both sexes were used for this study. The rats were acclimatized to the experimental room having temperature of 25°C. Four groups were used for this study, group A served as the control which were fed with feeds and water ad libitum daily for six weeks and group B,C &D  were induced with 60 mg/kg of STZ after which were diagnosed of diabetes after 4 days of induction. Group B served as the diabetic control group and were fed with only feed and water ad libitum daily for six weeks whereas, group C and D were treated with different doses of C. papaya extract (1.5 and 3.0 mg/100 mL) as drinking water daily for six week and were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and the liver was removed and weighed before fixing in 10% formol saline for histological procedures. The result showed a significant decrease in body weight of diabetic -induced rats (P<0.05) while the body weights  increased significantly (P<0.05) in diabetic induced rats treated  with 1.5 and 3.0 g/100 mL of the aqueous extract of C. Papaya leaves when the initial and final weights of the rats were compared at the end of treatment. However, the liver weights increased significantly (P<0.05) in diabetic induced rats when compared with the diabetic rats treated with extract. The aqueous extract of C. papaya (1.5 and 3.0 g/100 mL) significantly decreased (P<0.05) blood glucose levels in diabetic treated rats. There was significant increase in serum biomarker enzymes: ALT, AST and ALP in diabetic rats (Group B) at P<0.05 when compared with control rats (Group A). Conversely, biomarker hepatic enzymes: ALT, AST and ALP decreased significantly (P<0.05) in diabetic rats treated with 1.5 and 3.0 g/100 mL aqueous extract of C. papaya leaves when compared with both Group A and Group B. The histological section of the liver of diabetic rats treated with 3.0 g/100 mL aqueous extract of C. papaya leaves showed improvement in hepatic histo-architecture as the extract ameliorated hepatic morphological disruption occasioned by induced diabetes in wistar rats. This study concluded that aqueous extract of C. papaya leaf ameliorated hepatic induced damage in the liver of Streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic adult wistar rats.

scholarly journals The effects of Roux-en-Y limb length on gastric emptying and enterogastric reflux in rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robson Azevedo Dutra ◽  
Wemberton Martins Araújo ◽  
José Ivan de Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Limb Length ◽  
Roux Limb ◽  
Short Limb ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Enterogastric Reflux

PURPOSE: To assess the effects of Roux-en-Y jejunal limb length on gastric emptying and enterogastric reflux. METHODS: Seventy male Wistar rats were submitted to antrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction and then were divided into two groups of 35 animals. Group A, short limb (7.5 cm) and Group B, standard limb (15 cm). Group A and B were subdivided into five subgroups each in order to study enterogastric reflux at 30 and 60 minutes and to evaluate gastric emptying at 5, 10 and 15 minutes. In order to measure gastric emptying and enterogastric reflux, radiotracers 99m Tc-Phytate and 99m Tc-DISIDA were respectively used. RESULTS: For gastric emptying, the radiotracer concentration was lower in Group A than in Group B after five minutes. The enterogastric reflux was present, but there were no significant differences between enterogastric reflux indexes concerning both A and B Groups. CONCLUSION: A standard Roux limb, besides being unable to protect the stomach from the enterogastric reflux, may become a functional barrier for gastric emptying.

scholarly journals RADIOLOGICAL STUDY OF MEGACOLON IN TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI INFECTED RATS

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Edmundo Rodrigues FONTES ◽  
Ana Paula de ABREU ◽  
Aretuza Zaupa GASPARIM
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group A ◽  
Time Of Infection ◽  
Group B ◽  
Digital Caliper

ABSTRACT Background: Researches on Chagas disease still use several animals and rats, due to size and susceptibility were preferred by many authors. Aim: To develop an experimental model of megacolon in rats inoculated with the strain Y of Trypanosoma cruzi. Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were distributed in three groups inoculated with different inoculants: Group A: 600000, Group B: 1000000 and Group C: 1500000 blood trypomastigotes of T. cruzi. Animals were sedated intramuscularly at zero inoculation time (T0) and 60 days after inoculation (T60), to perform the barium enema in order to evaluate the dilatation of the different segments of colon in a comparative study of the measurements obtained, using a digital caliper. Evidence of infection was performed by blood smear collected from the animal’s tail 18 days after inoculation with observation of blood forms. Results: Comparing the intestinal diameter of the inoculated animals with 60,0000 trypomastigotes in the T0 of infection with T60 days after the inoculation, significant dilatation was observed between the proximal, medial and distal segments (p<0.01), indicating the establishment of the megacolon model. In addition, comparing intestinal diameter between the different segments, with in the T0 of infection and the T60 after inoculation, significant alterations were observed (p<0.05). Conclusion: The proposed model was possible for in vivo studies of alterations due to infection by T. cruzi and functional alterations of the colon. In addition, the changes manifested in the colon are not directly proportional to the size of the inoculum, but to the time of infection that the animals were submitted, since the animals inoculated with 60,0000 blood forms were the ones which presented the most significant alterations.

scholarly journals Effects of aqueous leaf extract of Corchorus olitorius on the testis and blood testosterone level of adult Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 024-030
Author(s):  
Godwin Chinedu Uloneme ◽  
Demian Nnabuihe Ezejindu ◽  
Darlington Cyprian Akukwu ◽  
Amadi Chibundu Chiekezie
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Corchorus Olitorius ◽  
Group A ◽  
Normal Rat ◽  
Group B ◽  
Calcium Iron ◽  
Group D

Background: The extract of Corchorus olitorius has a reasonable content of vitamins A and C, calcium, iron and fibre, and therefore enjoys a universal application in the treatment of some disease conditions, even as the whole leaf is a very important component of food in so many cultures. Purpose: The study was designed to investigate the effect of Corchorus olitorius extracts on the testis of adult Wistar rats. Method: A total number of thirty two adult Wistar rats weighing between 180 and 200 grammes separated into four groups labeled A,B,C and D respectively were used for the study. Animals in group A which served as the control group were fed with the normal rat chow and water only. The group B rats were administered 100mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract of Corchorus olitorus; while those in group C were administered 500mg/kg body weight of the extract. The group D rats received 1000mg/kg body weight of the extract. For a period of four weeks, the different experimental animal groups received the respective aforementioned treatments once daily, around nine- o’clock in the morning through oral intubation. At the end of the 28 day treatment, the animals were sacrificed and the testes harvested for histological, investigation, and through cardiac puncture, blood samples for some hormonal studies was also collected and investigated using standard laboratory standards. Results: Observations made showed that the extract produced no histological distortions, degenerative or defective effects on the testicular tissues. The testosterone levels of group B, C, and D rats were observed to be significantly higher (P<0.005) than that of the group A (control group).ound: The extract of Corchorus olitorius has a reasonable content of vitamins A and C, calcium, iron and fibre, and therefore enjoys a universal application in the treatment of some disease conditions, even as the whole leaf is a very important component of food in so many cultures. Purpose: The study was designed to investigate the effect of Corchorus olitorius extracts on the testis of adult Wistar rats. Method: A total number of thirty two adult Wistar rats weighing between 180 and 200 grammes separated into four groups labeled A,B,C and D respectively were used for the study. Animals in group A which served as the control group were fed with the normal rat chow and water only. The group B rats were administered 100mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract of Corchorus olitorus; while those in group C were administered 500mg/kg body weight of the extract. The group D rats received 1000mg/kg body weight of the extract. For a period of four weeks, the different experimental animal groups received the respective aforementioned treatments once daily, around nine- o’clock in the morning through oral intubation. At the end of the 28 day treatment, the animals were sacrificed and the testes harvested for histological, investigation, and through cardiac puncture, blood samples for some hormonal studies was also collected and investigated using standard laboratory standards. Results: Observations made showed that the extract produced no histological distortions, degenerative or defective effects on the testicular tissues. The testosterone levels of group B, C, and D rats were observed to be significantly higher (P<0.005) than that of the group A (control group).

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