scholarly journals Neutralizing Antibodies Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 Inpatients and Convalescent Patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoli Wang ◽  
Xianghua Guo ◽  
Qianqian Xin ◽  
Yanhui Chu ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Antibody Level ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Clinical Classification ◽  
Seropositivity Rate ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Antibody Levels

AbstractBackgroundCOVID-19 is a pandemic with no specific antiviral treatments or vaccines. The urgent needs for exploring the neutralizing antibodies from patients with different clinical characteristics are emerging.MethodsA total of 117 blood samples were collected from 70 COVID-19 inpatients and convalescent patients. The presence of neutralizing antibody was determined with a modified cytopathogenic assay based on live SARS-CoV-2. The dynamics of neutralizing antibody levels at different with different clinical characteristics were analyzed.ResultsThe seropositivity rate reached up to 100.0% within 20 days since onset, and remained 100.0% till day 41-53. The total GMT was 1:163.7 (95% CI, 128.5 to 208.6), and the antibody level was highest during day 31-40 since onset, and then decreased slightly. Individual differences in changes of antibody levels were observed among 8 representative convalescent patients. In multivariate GEE analysis, patients at age of 31-60 and 61-84 had a higher antibody level than those at age of 16-30 (β=1.0518, P=0.0152; β=1.3718, P=0.0020). Patients with a worse clinical classification had a higher antibody titer (β=0.4639, P=0.0227).ConclusionsThe neutralizing antibodies were detected even at the early stage of disease, and a significant response showed in convalescent patients. Moreover, changes on antibody levels ware individual specific.

scholarly journals Neutralizing Antibody Responses to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Inpatients and Convalescent Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 2688-2694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoli Wang ◽  
Xianghua Guo ◽  
Qianqian Xin ◽  
Yang Pan ◽  
Yaling Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Antibody Level ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Neutralization Assay ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic with no specific antiviral treatments or vaccines. There is an urgent need for exploring the neutralizing antibodies from patients with different clinical characteristics. Methods A total of 117 blood samples were collected from 70 COVID-19 inpatients and convalescent patients. Antibodies were determined with a modified cytopathogenic neutralization assay (NA) based on live severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The dynamics of neutralizing antibody levels at different time points with different clinical characteristics were analyzed. Results The seropositivity rate reached up to 100.0% within 20 days since onset, and remained 100.0% till days 41–53. The total geometric mean titer was 1:163.7 (95% confidence interval [CI], 128.5–208.6) by NA and 1:12 441.7 (95% CI, 9754.5–15 869.2) by ELISA. The antibody level by NA and ELISA peaked on days 31–40 since onset, and then decreased slightly. In multivariate generalized estimating equation analysis, patients aged 31–45, 46–60, and 61–84 years had a higher neutralizing antibody level than those aged 16–30 years (β = 1.0470, P = .0125; β = 1.0613, P = .0307; β = 1.3713, P = .0020). Patients with a worse clinical classification had a higher neutralizing antibody titer (β = 0.4639, P = .0227). Conclusions The neutralizing antibodies were detected even at the early stage of disease, and a significant response was shown in convalescent patients.

scholarly journals The Dynamics of Neutralizing Antibody Level in One Year After SARS-CoV-2 Infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Liang ◽  
Guanting Zhang ◽  
Mingxing Huang ◽  
Wenshan Hong ◽  
An'an Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Antibody Level ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Neutralization Assay ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Immune Ability ◽  
One Year

Abstract Background: A lot of recent researches have focused on the duration of the nature immunity elicited by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. An improved understanding of the immunity offered by the antibodies developed against SARS-CoV-2 in recovered patients is critical for the development of diagnostic tests and vaccines. Methods: We enrolled 114 donors, which providing blood samples after discharge for half a year and one year. Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) were tested using a micro-neutralization assay. Results: In two tests, 82 of 114 recovered patients completed the first test half a year after discharge and NAbs remained detectable in the vast majority of patients (75/82, 91.46%). In the comparison of the two intervals, 50% (27/54) of individuals had increased NAbs titers. when 31.48% (17/54) of patients remained unchanged. Conclusion: Our results suggest that immune ability is acquired in most individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 and is sustained in a majority of patients for up to a year after recovery.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Transplacental Antibody Transfer in SARS-CoV-2-Immunized Pregnant Women

Vaccines ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Ching-Ju Shen ◽  
Yi-Chen Fu ◽  
Yen-Pin Lin ◽  
Ching-Fen Shen ◽  
Der-Ji Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Antibody Level ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Maternal Mrna ◽  
The One ◽  
Antibody Levels

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection during pregnancy could result in adverse perinatal outcome. Clinical data on the assessment of the immune response in vaccinated pregnant women and subsequent transplacental antibody transfer are quite limited. Objective: To assess maternal and neonatal neutralizing antibody levels against both wildtype and Delta (B.1.617.2) variants after maternal mRNA vaccination. Study Design: This cohort study was conducted 29 pregnant women who were vaccinated at least one dose of Moderna (mRNA-1273) vaccine. Both neutralizing antibody (wildtype and Delta variant) and S1 receptor binding domain IgG antibody levels were evaluated in maternal and cord blood on the day of delivery. Results: Superiority of antibody level was significant in fully vaccinated women compared with the one-dose group (maternal sera, median, 97.46%; cord sera, median, 97.37% versus maternal sera, median, 4.01%; cord sera, median, 1.44%). No difference in antibody level was noted in relation to interval of second immunization to delivery in the two-dose group (95.99% in 0–2 weeks, 97.45% in 2–4 weeks, 97.48% in 4–8 weeks, 97.72% in 8–10 weeks). The most pronounced reduction was observed for the Delta variant. The wildtype neutralizing antibody level of full-vaccinated women was not influenced by the pertussis vaccination. Conclusion: The data underscore the importance of full vaccination in pregnancy and support the recommendation of COVID-19 immunization for pregnant women. The lower level of vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies for the Delta variant indicates insufficient protection for mother and newborn and highlights the need for development of effective vaccine strategies.

scholarly journals Duration of immunity against COVID-19 after vaccination in Indian subcontinent

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apoorva Munigela ◽  
Sasikala M ◽  
Gujjarlapudi Deepika ◽  
Anand V Kulkarni ◽  
Krishna Vemula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Booster Dose ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Optimal Timing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Antibody Levels

Abstract Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) continues to be a major health concern leading to substantial mortality and morbidity across the world. Vaccination is effective in reducing the severity and associated mortality. Data pertaining to the duration of immunity, antibody waning and the optimal timing of booster dose administration is limited. In this cross-sectional study, we assessed the antibody levels in healthcare workers who were fully vaccinated after obtaining Institutional ethics committee approval and informed consent. Whole blood was collected and enumeration of S1/S2 neutralizing antibody levels was carried out using LIAISON SARS-COV-2 S1/S2 IgG assay. A total of 1636 individuals who were vaccinated with Covaxin or Covishield were included. Of these, 52% were males with a median age of 29 years. Diabetes and Hypertension was noted in 2.32% (38/1636) and 2.87% (47/1636) of the individuals. Spike neutralizing antibodies were below the detectable range (<15 AU/ml) in 6.0% (98/1636) of the individuals. Decline in neutralizing antibody was seen in 30% of the individuals above 40 years of age with comorbidities (diabetes and hypertension) after 6 months. These individuals may be prioritized for a booster dose at 6 months.

scholarly journals Clinical utility of Corona Virus Disease-19 serum IgG, IgM, and neutralizing antibodies and inflammatory markers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernst J. Schaefer ◽  
Florence Comite ◽  
Latha Dulipsingh ◽  
Maxine Lang ◽  
Jessica Jimison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Case Finding ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Serum Igg ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
Antibody Levels

AbstractMost deaths from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection occur in older subjects. We assessed age effects and clinical utility of serum SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and neutralizing antibodies and serum inflammatory markers. Serum IgG, IgM, and neutralizing antibody levels were measured using chemiluminescence assays from Diazyme (Poway, CA), while serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), C reactive protein (CRP), and ferritin were measured with immunoassays obtained from Roche (Indianapolis, IN). In 79,005 subjects, IgG and IgM levels were positive (≥1.0 arbitrary units [AU]/mL) in 5.29% and 3.25% of subjects, respectively. In antibody positive subjects, median IgG levels were 3.93 AU/mL if <45 years of age, 10.18 AU/mL if 45-64 years of age, and 10.85 AU/mL if ≥65 years of age (p<0.0001). In SARS-CoV-2 RNA positive cases, family members and exposed subjects (n=1,111), antibody testing was found to be valuable for case finding, and persistent IgM levels were associated with chronic symptoms. In non-hospitalized and hospitalized subjects assessed for SARS-CoV-2 RNA (n=278), median IgG levels in AU/mL were 0.05 in negative subjects (n=100), 14.83 in positive outpatients (n=129), and 30.61 in positive hospitalized patients (n=49, p<0.0001). Neutralizing antibody levels correlated significantly with IgG (r=0.875; p<0.0001). Two or more of the criteria of IL-6 ≥10 pg/mL, CRP ≥10 mg/L, and/or IgM >1.0 AU/mL occurred in 97.7% of inpatients versus 1.8% of outpatients (>50-fold relative risk, C statistic 0.986, p<0.0001). Our data indicate that: 1) IgG levels are significantly higher in positive older subjects, possibly to compensate for decreased cellular immunity with aging; 2) IgG levels are important for case finding in family clusters; 3) IgG levels are significantly correlated with neutralizing antibody levels; 4) persistently elevated IgM levels are associated with chronic disease; and 5) markedly elevated IL-6, hs-CRP, and/or positive IgM accurately identify SARS-CoV-2 RNA positive subjects requiring hospitalization.

scholarly journals Neutralizing Antibody Responses in COVID-19 Convalescent Sera

2020 ◽  
Vol 223 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
William T Lee ◽  
Roxanne C Girardin ◽  
Alan P Dupuis ◽  
Karen E Kulas ◽  
Anne F Payne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
High Titer ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Maximal Activity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
United States Food ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Antibody Levels

Abstract Passive transfer of antibodies from COVID-19 convalescent patients is being used as an experimental treatment for eligible patients with SARS-CoV-2 infections. The United States Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) guidelines for convalescent plasma initially recommended target antibody titers of 160. We evaluated SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in sera from recovered COVID-19 patients using plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNT) at moderate (PRNT50) and high (PRNT90) stringency thresholds. We found that neutralizing activity significantly increased with time post symptom onset (PSO), reaching a peak at 31–35 days PSO. At this point, the number of sera having neutralizing titers of at least 160 was approximately 93% (PRNT50) and approximately 54% (PRNT90). Sera with high SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels (&gt;960 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titers) showed maximal activity, but not all high-titer sera contained neutralizing antibody at FDA recommended levels, particularly at high stringency. These results underscore the value of serum characterization for neutralization activity.

scholarly journals DETECTION OF SERUMNEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES IN CATTLE VACCINATED AGAINST FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE IN FIELD

1973 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Χ. ΠΑΠΠΟΥΣ
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Titre ◽  
Antibody Level ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
The Other ◽  
Foot And Mouth

A serologic?.! investigation for serum neutralizing antibodies against Foot—and—Mouth Disease (FMD) was carried out in cattle of two villages in the Evros department (near thv. turkish border), where a vaccination is being applied twice a year since 1964,using type Ο and sometimes A22 FMD vaccines. This investigation gave the following results : On 15 calves, aged 5-7 months, vaccinated or.ee no antibodies were detected before vaccination, whereas 3 weeks later only 3 animals (20° o ) showed acceptable antibody titres, that is more than 1.2. The other calves had titres 0.3 to 1.2 (7 animals = 46.6%) and in 5 calves (33.4%) no antibodies were detected. On 80 plurivaccinated cattle, 3 weeks after the last vaccination made 8 months after the previous one, the ?ntibody titres were higher than 1.2 in 75 animals (60 animals or 73,7% with a high titre that is more than 1.8, 15 animals or 19,4% with a titre 1.2 to 1.8)and only in 5 animals (6.6%) the titres were lower than 1.2. On half of the above cattle, the following titres were found before the last vaccination : )1.8 in 17 animals (42.5%), 1.2 to 1.8 in 11 animals (27.5%) and lower to 1.2 in 12 animals (30%). 1 he bovine of the one village showed a greater percentage of animals with high antibody titre comparing to the other one. This might be due to a different antigenic capacity of the vaccines used.For determining the neutralizing antibody titre the method of constant virus units and variable serum dilutions was applied using 100 TCID50/ml. The conclusion from the above results is that the bovine population of the Evros region, except the calves who are poorly immunized, ha.d a serum neutralizing antibody level satisfactory enough 8 months after vaccination and much better 3 weeks after the last vaccination. It is believed that this antibody level is related to the strong immunity in bovine of the Evros region ag.dnst the natural infection. In fact, the Foot— and—Mouth Disease outbreaks, type O, reported the last decade in this neuralgic region were very few and the most important of very limited extention, which fact gives reason to the vaccination policy followed until today for creating a buffer zoie.

scholarly journals Functional antibody and T-cell immunity following SARS-CoV-2 infection, including by variants of concern, in patients with cancer: the CAPTURE study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika Fendler ◽  
Lewis Au ◽  
Scott Shepherd ◽  
Fiona Byrne ◽  
Maddalena Cerrone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Cellular Responses ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Cell Immunity ◽  
Clinical Annotation ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Immune Profiling ◽  
Reactive Antibody

Abstract Patients with cancer have higher COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. Here we present the prospective CAPTURE study (NCT03226886) integrating longitudinal immune profiling with clinical annotation. Of 357 patients with cancer, 118 were SARS-CoV-2-positive, 94 were symptomatic and 2 patients died of COVID-19. In this cohort, 83% patients had S1-reactive antibodies, 82% had neutralizing antibodies against WT, whereas neutralizing antibody titers (NAbT) against the Alpha, Beta, and Delta variants were substantially reduced. Whereas S1-reactive antibody levels decreased in 13% of patients, NAbT remained stable up to 329 days. Patients also had detectable SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells and CD4+ responses correlating with S1-reactive antibody levels, although patients with hematological malignancies had impaired immune responses that were disease and treatment-specific, but presented compensatory cellular responses, further supported by clinical. Overall, these findings advance the understanding of the nature and duration of immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with cancer.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibody Levels Post COVID-19 Vaccination Based on ELISA Method—A Small Real-World Sample Exploration

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1139
Author(s):  
Xiaoguang Li ◽  
Chao Liang ◽  
Xiumei Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Positive Detection Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Antibody Levels

This study investigated the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) neutralizing antibodies following inoculation with the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccine. From June to July 2021, 127 participants who had completed COVID-19 vaccination (inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, 64; CoronaVac, 61; CanSino, 2) were recruited and tested using SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody kits. The positive detection rate (inhibition of neutralizing antibodies ≥ 30%) was calculated and stratified according to population characteristics and inoculation time. The positive rate of neutralizing antibody was 47.22% (17/36) in men and 53.85% (49/91) in women, and 54.55% (24/44) in BMI ≥ 24 and 50.60% (42/83) in BMI < 24. Age was stratified as 20–29, 30–39, 40–49, and ≥50; positive detection rates of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies were observed in 60.00% (24/40), 50.00% (21/42), 48.39% (15/31), and 42.86% (6/14), respectively, but with no significant difference (x2 = 1.724, p = 0.632). Among 127 vaccinated participants, 66 (51.97%) were positive. The positive detection rate was 63.93% (39/61) with CoronaVac and 42.19% (27/64) with the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (significance x2 = 5.927, p = 0.015). Multivariate analysis revealed a significant difference in vaccination times, with average vaccination weeks in the positive and negative groups of 11.57 ± 6.48 and 17.87 ± 9.17, respectively (t= −4.501, p < 0.001). The positive neutralizing antibody rate was 100.00%, 60.00%, 58.33%, 55.56%, 43.14%, 28.57%, and 0.00% at 2–4, 5–8, 9–12, 13–16,17–20, 21–24, and >24 weeks, respectively (x2 = 18.030, p = 0.006). Neutralizing antibodies were detected after COVID-19 inoculation, with differences relating to inoculation timing. This study provides a reference for vaccine evaluation and follow-up immunization strengthening.

scholarly journals Use of Quantitative Dried Blood Spots to Evaluate the Post-Vaccination Level of Neutralizing Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1125
Author(s):  
Alexandre Marchand ◽  
Ingrid Roulland ◽  
Florian Semence ◽  
Olof Beck ◽  
Magnus Ericsson
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Blood Spot ◽  
Over Time

To combat the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are now given to protect populations worldwide. The level of neutralizing antibodies following the vaccination will evolve with time and vary between individuals. Immunoassays quantifying immunoglobulins against the viral spike (S) protein in serum/plasma have been developed, but the need for venous blood samples could limit the frequency and scale of control in populations. The use of a quantitative dried blood spot (DBS) that can be self-collected would simplify this monitoring. The objective of this study was to determine whether a quantitative DBS device (Capitainer qDBS 10 µL) could be used in combination with an Elecsys anti-SARS-CoV-2 S immunoassay from Roche to follow the development and persistence of anti-S antibodies. This objective was carried out through two clinical studies. The first study investigated 14 volunteers who received two doses of the Comirnaty (Pfizer) vaccine. The levels of anti-S antibodies and the progression over time post-vaccination were studied for three months. The level of produced antibodies varied between subjects, but a similar trend was observed. The anti-S antibodies were highly stimulated by the second dose (×100) and peaked two weeks later. The antibody levels subsequently decreased and three months later were down to 65%. DBS proved to be sufficiently sensitive for use in evaluating the immune status against SARS-CoV-2 over a prolonged time. The second cohort was composed of 200 random patients from a clinical chemistry department in Stockholm. In this cohort, we had no information on previous COVID-19 infections or vaccination. Nevertheless, 87% of the subjects had anti-S immunoglobulins over 0.8 U/mL, and the bias between plasma and DBS proved to be variable, as was also seen in the first vaccination study.

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