scholarly journals The specificity of Japanese PCR assays for SARS-CoV-2 exceeds 99.7%

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiro Tsukadaira
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Prior Probability ◽  
Prediction Interval ◽  
Japanese Government ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Randomized Sampling ◽  
Pcr Assays ◽  
Japanese Residents

The Japanese government arranged a total of three charter flights to evacuate Japanese residents out of Wuhan Jan 29, 30, and 31, 2020. The project to rescue Japanese residents can be recognized as a randomized sampling study for the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan at that time. Jan 23, Jonathan MR et al stated in the medRxiv, in 14 days time (Feb 4, 2020), the number of infected people in Wuhan is estimated to be greater than 190 thousand (prediction interval, 132,751 to 273,649). In our study, the estimation of the COVID-19 cases in Wuhan around Jan 29, 30 and 31, 2020 exceeds the lower prediction 132,751 in the prior probability: 0.0134. Our statistical analysis is consistent with Jonathan MR et al, if the specificity of SARS-CoV-2 PCR assays in Japan exceeds 99.7%.

scholarly journals OBSTETRIC PROBLEMS IN HIV-INFECTED WOMEN

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. V. Yakovleva ◽  
T. N. Glukhova ◽  
I. E. Rogozhina
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Perinatal Mortality ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
The State ◽  
Saratov Region ◽  
Infected People

Objective: to study the features of the course of pregnancy and childbirth in HIV-infected women in the Saratov region according to a retrospective analysis of case histories for 2013–2018. Materials and methods. A retrospective clinical and statistical analysis of the course of pregnancy, childbirth and the postnatal period was carried out according to medical records of 282 HIV-infected pregnant women who were treated at the State Agrarian Medical Center (Engels, Saratov Region, Russia) in 2013–2018. (main group). The comparison group consisted of patients who were not infected with HIV who were treated at the SAUS EOC in 2013–2018. To assess the statistical significance of differences, the standard statistical analysis software package STATISTICA 10,0 was used. Results. Compared to 2013, in 2018, the age of HIV-infected pregnant women has decreased (p<0,05). HIV-infected people are less likely to go to a maternity clinic before the 12th week of pregnancy (p<0,05). A high frequency of co-infection of HIV-infected women with urinary infection (p<0,05) and genital tract (p<0,05), hepatitis C viruses (p<0,05) and B (p<0,05), and syphilis was found anamnesis (p<0,05). A high susceptibility of these women to viral infections was noted: acute respiratory viral infection (p<0,05), genital herpes virus (p<0,05), cytomegalovirus infection (p<0,05). The incidence of sexually transmitted infections is high: urogenital chlamydia (p <0,05), trichomonas colpitis (p<0,05). HIV-infected pregnant women have an increased incidence of anemia (p<0,05), chronic pyelonephritis (p<0,05), and skin diseases (p<0,05), and body mass deficiency is more common (p<0,05). In case of HIV infection, the frequency of operative delivery (p<0,05), premature birth (p<0,05), the frequency of formation of a low-weight fetus at a time of gestation (p<0,05), as well as perinatal mortality (p<0,05). The reserve for reducing perinatal mortality for newborns from HIV-infected mothers is in the pregravid period, testing for HIV, hepatitis C virus, correction of the patient’s weight, elimination of the iron deficiency condition, detection and rehabilitation of urogenital foci. When taking to a dispensary account, control and correction of anemia, chronic infectious diseases, monitoring of the state of the vaginal biocenosis are necessary, in the second half of pregnancy — control of fetal growth.

scholarly journals Estimation of the number of general anesthesia cases based on a series of nationwide surveys on Twitter during COVID-19 in Japan: A statistical analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Daijo ◽  
Yosuke Fujii ◽  
Kiichi Hirota
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Japanese Government ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Public Data ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Web

AbstractCoronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first reported in Wuhan, Hubei, China, and has since spread to more than 200 other countries at the time of writing. In light of this situation, the Japanese Government declared a state of emergency in seven regions of Japan on the April 7, 2020 under the provisions of the law. The medical care delivery system has been under pressure. Although various surgical societies have published guidelines on which to base their surgical decisions, it is not clear how general anesthesia has been performed and will be performed in Japan. Social networks such as Twitter are becoming a part of society, as various information is accumulated on the web. One of the services provided by Twitter is a voting function—Twitter Polls—through which anonymous surveys can be conducted. We analyzed the results of a series of surveys on Twitter on the status of operating restrictions using a mathematical model, and public data provided by the Japanese Government were used to estimate the current and future changes in the number of general anesthesia performed in Japan. The number of general anesthesia was estimated as 2.77* 104 cases per week on 2 May 2020 and 0.68* 104 cases in 24 weeks.

scholarly journals Effect of evacuation of Japanese residents from Wuhan, China, on preventing transmission of novel coronavirus infection: a modelling study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Asai ◽  
Shinya Tsuzuki ◽  
Satoshi Kutsuna ◽  
Kayoko Hayakawa ◽  
Norio Ohmagari
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Japanese Government ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Japanese Residents ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Modelling Study

AbstractObjectiveIn late January 2020, the Japanese government carried out three evacuations by aircraft from Wuhan, China, to avoid further cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among Wuhan’s Japanese residents. Evacuation by aircraft may be an effective countermeasure against outbreaks of infectious diseases, but evidence of its effect is scarce. This study estimated how many COVID-19 cases were prevented among the Japanese residents of Wuhan by the evacuation countermeasure.ResultsEleven imported COVID-19 cases were reported on Feb 1 from among the total 566 evacuees who returned to Japan. In the case of no evacuations being made, the cumulative number of COVID-19 cases among Wuhan’s Japanese residents was estimated to reach 25 (95% CI [20, 29]) on Feb 8 and 34 (95% CI [28, 40]) on Feb 15. A 1-week delay in the evacuation might be led to 14 additional cases and a 2-week delay to 23 additional cases. Evacuation by aircraft can contribute substantially to reducing the number of infected cases in the initial stage of the outbreak.

scholarly journals Competency to Sort Information and Selectively React To This Information as a Function of Cognitive Style

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aref Ahmed Ghaleb Saeed ◽  
Dr. M. K. Tajne
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Inferential Statistics ◽  
Randomized Sampling ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Word Test ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

The purpose of this study is to determine whether the competency of the individual to sort information from his or her environment and selectively react to this information is influenced by such important variables as cognitive style. For the investigation Purposive randomized sampling technique will be employed to select the adults. Effective sample will be consist of 240 adult, in which 120 adults will be male, and another 120 adults will be female, male adults and female adults will equally classify in urban and rural, again both group from male adults (urban and rural) and female adults (urban and rural) will equally classify in high level of cognitive style and low level of cognitive style. To determine Pattern of cognitive style, Cognitive Style inventory (CSI) developed by Dr. Praveen Kumar Jha, will be used, and To determine competency of the individual to separate the word and colour naming stimuli Stroop Colour and Word test standardized by Charles J. Golden will be use. For the each subject, initially data of each group will be separately scrutinized by employing descriptive statistics i.e. mean and S.D. The statistical analysis will be mainly consisted of inferential statistics i.e. Two Way ANOVA with the help of SPSS. Outcome of result shows that the Competency to sort information and selectively react to this information as a Function of cognitive style.

scholarly journals Novel indicators for evaluating topological threats to populations from pandemics applied to COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shun Adachi
Keyword(s):  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Japanese Government ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Accelerated Growth ◽  
Reliability And Robustness ◽  
Topological Number

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDTo deal with pandemics, evaluating the temporal status of an outbreak is important. However, prevailing standards in this respect are mostly empirical and arbitrary. As an alternative, we focus on a novel approach which configures indicators that evaluate topological threats to populations due to the COVID-19 pandemic.METHODSWe extended the current PzDom model to calculate a threshold of the model for accelerated growth, an indicator of growth extent Re(v), covariance Re(s), a topological number E(l), and expected sums of possibly increasing numbers of infected people. We term this the exPzDom model.RESULTSThe indicators in the exPzDom model adhere well to the empirical dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infected people and align appropriately with actual policies instituted by the Japanese government.CONCLUSIONSThe described indicators could be leveraged pursuant of objective evaluation based on mathematics. Further testing of the reliability and robustness of exPzDom model in other pandemic contexts is warranted.

Estimation of true number of COVID-19 infected people in Japan using LINE questionnaire: Retrospective statistical analysis (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin-Ichiro Tanaka ◽  
Shinya Oku
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
High Fever ◽  
Questionnaire Data ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Infected People ◽  
True Number ◽  
Pcr Test

UNSTRUCTURED The authors estimated the true number of COVID-19 infected people in Japan using the LINE questionnaire data and the PCR test results. A statistically significant correlation was observed between the infection rate per prefecture with PCR test and the rate of high fever. Using this correlation, true number of COVID-19 infected people in Japan was estimated approximately twenty thousand (±ten thousand) as of April 1, 2020.

scholarly journals Statistical Analysis of Nonuniform Volume Distributions for Droplet-Based Digital PCR Assays

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (4) ◽  
pp. 1515-1525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria S. Yen ◽  
Bryant S. Fujimoto ◽  
Thomas Schneider ◽  
Jason E. Kreutz ◽  
Daniel T. Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Digital Pcr ◽  
Pcr Assays

Statistical analysis of classification

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
T. J. Deeming
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Analytical Procedure ◽  
Narrow Band ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Amount Of Information

If we make a set of measurements, such as narrow-band or multicolour photo-electric measurements, which are designed to improve a scheme of classification, and in particular if they are designed to extend the number of dimensions of classification, i.e. the number of classification parameters, then some important problems of analytical procedure arise. First, it is important not to reproduce the errors of the classification scheme which we are trying to improve. Second, when trying to extend the number of dimensions of classification we have little or nothing with which to test the validity of the new parameters.Problems similar to these have occurred in other areas of scientific research (notably psychology and education) and the branch of Statistics called Multivariate Analysis has been developed to deal with them. The techniques of this subject are largely unknown to astronomers, but, if carefully applied, they should at the very least ensure that the astronomer gets the maximum amount of information out of his data and does not waste his time looking for information which is not there. More optimistically, these techniques are potentially capable of indicating the number of classification parameters necessary and giving specific formulas for computing them, as well as pinpointing those particular measurements which are most crucial for determining the classification parameters.

Quantitative parallel EELS spectrum imaging developed as a new tool in AEM

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1202-1203
Author(s):  
Gianluigi Botton ◽  
Gilles L'espérance
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Personal Computer ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Present Author ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Detection Limits ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Quantitative Performance ◽  
Spectrum Imaging

As interest for parallel EELS spectrum imaging grows in laboratories equipped with commercial spectrometers, different approaches were used in recent years by a few research groups in the development of the technique of spectrum imaging as reported in the literature. Either by controlling, with a personal computer both the microsope and the spectrometer or using more powerful workstations interfaced to conventional multichannel analysers with commercially available programs to control the microscope and the spectrometer, spectrum images can now be obtained. Work on the limits of the technique, in terms of the quantitative performance was reported, however, by the present author where a systematic study of artifacts detection limits, statistical errors as a function of desired spatial resolution and range of chemical elements to be studied in a map was carried out The aim of the present paper is to show an application of quantitative parallel EELS spectrum imaging where statistical analysis is performed at each pixel and interpretation is carried out using criteria established from the statistical analysis and variations in composition are analyzed with the help of information retreived from t/γ maps so that artifacts are avoided.

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