Prevalence of Bacterial Vaginosis among Married Women in Kalar District, Iraqi Kurdistan Region

Abstract Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is an inflammatory disease, caused by polymicrobial infection, including pathogenic bacteria which replace the vaginal normal flora and finally this replacement causes manifestations of several physiological and clinical symptoms among women within different ages. BV has become one of the main problems that make woman patients visit gynecological and obstetric consultant hospitals in most country. The present study is designed to determine the causative pathogen and the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis among married women patients in Kalar district. This cross-sectional study was performed from the beginning of March to the mid April-2021 among women who attended Obstetrics and Gynecological governmental hospital and out-patient clinics in Kalar City. Intra vaginal swabs have been collected in sterile Amies transport medium sticks and processed for isolation and identification of bacterial species depending on colony morphology, Gram’s stain and microbiological analysis protocols. Then socio-demographic and gynaecologic data were collected by questionnaire. Out of the 108 participant women who suffered from Gynecological diseases, 67(62.03%) of them exhibited bacterial vaginosis. From the 73 different isolated colonies, 18 bacterial species were identified; coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were the predominant cause of BV (32.84%), followed by E. coli (14.93%), Staphylococcus aureus (13.43%), Klebsiella pneumonia (8.96) and Micrococcus luteus (7.46%), while Proteus spp. and some uncommon bacteria display (1.49%) for each of them. The socio-demographic analysis between positive and negative woman patients revealed that the association between all studied risk factors and BV were statistically significant (P value < 0.05) except the age factor which was statistically non-significant meaning that the age was not associated with BV. In addition, the clinical symptom analysis showed that abnormal vaginal discharge, lower back pain, dysmenorrhea and strawberry were significantly associated with BV (P value < 0.05), while the rest of other factor did not exhibit statistically significant association.

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Antibacterial Effect of Vernonia anthelmentica (Kattu Seeragam) on Bovine Mastitis

Vol. 5, No. 1 - International Journal of Zoological Investigations ◽

10.33745/ijzi.2021.v07i02.003 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Sandhiya G ◽

Ahmed Fauzia

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Antibacterial Effect ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Bovine Mastitis ◽

Seed Extract ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽

Common Disease ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Quality Of Milk

Bovine mastitis is the common disease of mammary glands of dairy cows, caused by pathogenic bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococccus faecium, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Bacillus etc. The disease severely impacts the quality of milk and associated milk products. Three different bacterial species Staphylococcus, Bacillus and Klebsiella were isolated, identified and later treated with the seed extract of Vernonia anthelmentica. Well diffusion method was used to test the antibacterial effect of ethanol seed extract of Vernonia anthelmentica. Results showed that Vernonia anthelmentica was most effective against Staphylococcus compared to other two bacterial species. Phytochemical analysis of Vernonia anthelmentica revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, terpenoids etc. Present study suggests that seeds of Vernonia anthelmentica can be an effective antibacterial against bovine mastitis, which might be due to thepresence of tannins, and terpenoids in the extract.

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Identification of pathogenic bacteria from food handling surfaces (tabletops) from different areas with demonstration of their drug resistance properties

Journal of Food Safety and Hygiene ◽

10.18502/jfsh.v5i3.5693 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anik Paul ◽

Md. Mahmud Rahma ◽

Tasnia Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Fast Food ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽

Food Contamination ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽

Microbiological Analysis ◽

Food Handling ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Esherichia Coli

Foodborne illness is generally caused after consumption of food contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms. Food contamination often caused by contact with tabletops or food handling surfaces where the pathogenic microbes are present due to unhygienic condition of people working there and the overall environment of the food serving area. In current study, four areas (local restaurants, fast food shops, university canteens and hospital canteens) were selected for collection of swab sample (per cm2 area) from the tabletops. Five samples from each area were taken for further studies. After microbiological analysis we found ten different types of bacteria (Esherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Klebsiella oxytoca, Corynebacterium xerosis, Staphylococcus aures, Salmonella spp., Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter aerogenes, pseudomonas aeruginosa and Alcaligenes fecalis) which are already considered to be pathogenic bacteria causing different health issues in immune-compromised and also in healthy consumers. These bacteria were then subjected to antibiotic sensitivity test using ten antibiotics-Vancomycin (30 µg), Cotrimoxazol (30 µg), Azithromycin (15 µg), Gentamicin (10 µg), Amoxycillin (10 µg), Cephradine (30 µg), Ceftriaxone (30 µg), Cefuroxime (30 µg), Cefoxitin (30 µg) and Tetracycline (30 µg). Bacterial isolates collected from university and hospital canteens showed most resistance towards these antibiotics. Strict maintenance of proper sanitation and hygiene starting from personal aspects to the overall environment of food handling service should be maintained to reduce the food contamination and foodborne disease.

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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF METAL NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIZED FROM HIBISCUS ROSA SINESIS AND THEIR ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY ESTIMATION AGAINST NINE PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i5.17458 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 323

Author(s):

Shruti Tyagi

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Au Nanoparticles ◽

Size Range ◽

Micrococcus Luteus ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Agar Disc ◽

Vis Spectroscopy

Objective: This study demonstates a simple, cost effective protocol for biosynthesis of stable silver (Ag) and gold (Au) nanoparticles from Hibiscus Rosa sinesis and their comparison by applying antibacterial activities against nine pathogenic bacterial species.Methods: Silver (Ag) and gold (Au) nanoparticles were biosynthesized from Hibiscus Rosa sinesis were characterized by UV–VIS spectroscopy, FTIR and TEM. The antibacterial activities of AgNPs and AuNPs were evaluated against 9 pathogenic bacterial species Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Bacillus subtilis Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterobacter aerogens, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Aeromonas hydrophila by the agar disc diffusion method.Results: Synthesized AgNPs were obtained in 13.01 to 28.14 nm size range, while AuNPs were in 6.32 to 18.19 nm size range. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra indicates that the AuNPs are bound to amine groups and the AgNPs to carboxylate ion groups. The antibacterial activities of AgNPs, the zone of inhibition significantly increased with the increases of concentrations of AgNPs in all pathogenic bacterial species except in the case of S. epidermidis at 50%, S. aerogenes and A. hydrophila at 70%, while in case of AuNPs antibacterial activity was displayed only against B. subtilis at 20% and 100% concentration.Conclusion: This study suggests that AgNPs exhibits outstanding antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria as compared to AuNPs synthesized from Hibiscus Rosa sinensis leaf extract and insights to their potential applicability as an alternative antibacterial agent in microbial and human health system to reduce the resistance ability of pathogenic bacteria. Keywords: silver nanoparticles; gold nanoparticles; UV–VIS spectroscopy; FTIR; TEM; antibacterial activities.

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Comparative microbiological analysis of four different sea fishes collected from local market in Dhaka Metropolis

Food Research ◽

10.26656/fr.2017.4(1).253 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 161-165 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ifra Tun Nur ◽

Amatun Nur Mou ◽

Umme Habiba

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Fecal Coliforms ◽

Local Market ◽

Microbiological Analysis ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Fish Samples ◽

The Status ◽

Raw Fish ◽

Frozen Fish

The present investigation attempted to evaluate the existence and survival of spoilage microorganisms in four common sea fishes (Poma, Rupchanda, Koral and Tuna) available in Bangladesh and to determine the effects of cooking temperature to optimize the growth of fish microflora. Moreover, the status of fish in frozen condition after cooking was also studied. A total 4 categories of sea fishes were collected from the local shops in Dhaka city. Raw, cooked and frozen fish samples were analyzed for the existence of pathogenic bacteria through the conventional cultural techniques and the confirmative biochemical identification procedures. Total viable bacteria were present in all four fish samples in raw, cooked and frozen condition up to 6 log CFU/mL. Most of the raw fish samples were found to harbor a huge population of microorganisms up to 5 log CFU/mL including the fecal coliforms. Several specific bacterial species like E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Staphylococcus spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Vibrio spp. were present in raw samples. However, the microbial load reduced from the fish after cooking and the status was static in frozen condition. Thus, the incidence of fecal coliforms in raw fish may be considered as a serious threat to the public health upon consumption of such fishes.

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Isolation and Identification of Major Pathogenic Bacteria from Clinical Mastitic Cows in Asella Town, Ethiopia

Veterinary Medicine International ◽

10.1155/2020/6656755 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Gezehagn Kasa ◽

Betelihem Tegegne ◽

Belege Tadesse

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Infections ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Complex Disease ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Clinical Mastitis ◽

Species Level ◽

Bacillus Species ◽

Small Scale ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Isolation And Identification

Mastitis is a multietiological and complex disease causing inflammation of the parenchyma of mammary glands and is a problem in many dairy cows. The objective of this study was to isolate and identify the pathogenic bacteria that cause bovine clinical mastitis. A cross-sectional study was undertaken between November 2018 to April 2019 on a small scale and government dairy farms in Asella town. Cow’s udder and teats were physically examined to detect clinical mastitis. A total of 83 milk samples were collected from 46 cows that show clinical sign of mastitis from a total of 12 farms. Isolation and identification of major bacterial species were carried out by culturing different media and using primary and secondary biochemical tests. Out of the 83 samples collected and examined, all (100%) were positive for the cultural isolation of bacterial species. The bacteria were identified to genus and species level. Among the 83 isolates, 32 (38.6%), 24 (28.9%), and 6 (7.2%) were Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus intermedius, and Staphylococcus hyicus, respectively. Other bacteria like Escherichia coli 12 (14.5%) and Streptococcus species 2 (2.4%) were also isolated. Bacillus species 2 (2.4%), Proteus species 2 (2.4%), and 3 (3.6%) of them were mixed bacterial infections. The present study revealed that both contagious and environmental bacterial pathogens were responsible for the occurrence of clinical mastitis. Proper milking practices and farm husbandry practices and future detailed studies up to the species level and on antibiotic profiles of the pathogens are needed.

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Isolation And Identification Of Major Pathogenic Bacteria From Clinical Mastitic Cows In Asella Town, Ethiopia

10.1101/2020.05.26.118141 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Gezehagn Kasa Tufa ◽

Betelhem Tegegne Muluneh ◽

Belege Tadesse Siyamregn

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Infections ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Complex Disease ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Clinical Mastitis ◽

Species Level ◽

Bacillus Species ◽

Small Scale ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Isolation And Identification

ABSTRACTMastitis is a multi-etiological and complex disease causing inflammation of parenchyma of mammary glands is a problem in many dairy herds. The objective of this study was isolation and identification of the pathogenic bacteria that cause bovine clinical mastitis. A cross sectional study was undertaken from November 2018 to April 2019 on small scale and government dairy farms in Asella town. Cows were examined directly at quarter and teat level for clinical manifestation. A total of 83 milk samples were collected from 46 cows that shows clinical sign of mastitis from a total of 12 farms. Isolation and identification of major bacterial species was carried out by culturing on different media and using primary and secondary biochemical tests. Out of the 83 samples collected and examined, all (100%) were positive for cultural isolation of bacterial species. The bacteria were identified to genus and species level. Among the 83 isolates 32 (38.6%) were S. aureus, 24 (28.9%) were Staphylococcus intermedius and 6 (7.2%) were Staphyloco ccus hyicus, other bacteria like Escherichia coli 12(14.5%), Streptococcus species 2 (2.4%) were also isolated. Bacillus Species 2 (2.4%), Proteus species 2(2.4%) and 3 (3.6%) of them were mixed bacterial infections. The present study revealed that both contagious and environmental bacterial pathogens were responsible for the occurrence of clinical mastitis. Proper milking practices and farm husbandry practices as well as future detailed studies up to the species level and on antibiotic profiles of the pathogens are needed.

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Isolation and Diagnosis of Pathogenic Bacteria from the Bowels of Local Chicken and Identifying Some of the Virulence Factors

Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.37940/ajvs.2019.12.2.5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Virulence Factors ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

E Coli ◽

Bacillus Spp ◽

Local Chicken ◽

Arcanobacterium Pyogenes

This study was conducted to the isolation and identification of bacteria from chicken intestine and livers in Mosul city. A total of 35 samples from intestine and 35 liver samples from local chicken were collected during a period from September 2018 to March 2019, the bacteria were diagnosed according to morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics. The results showed (100%) positive to bacterial isolation for each samples of intestine and liver, (12) types of bacteria from (71) isolates for intestine, while (10) types from (36) isolates for liver. E. coli formed the highest percentage of intestinal isolates (28.16%), while Corynebacterium spp formed the highest percentage in liver isolates (33. 33%).The bacterial types were isolated from intestine included: E. coli (28.16%) Corynebacterium spp (25.35%), Enterococcus faecalis (15.49%), Klebsiella pneumonia (8.45%), Bacillus spp (7.04%), Proteus spp (5.63%), Staphylococcus aureus (4.22%), Lactobacillus spp (2.81%), Arcanobacterium pyogenes (1.4%), Citrobacter spp (1.4%). The bacterial types were isolated from liver included: Corynebacterium spp (33.33%), E.coli ( 19.44%), Staphylococcus aureus (16.6%), Bacillus spp (11.11%), Enterococcus faecalis (5.55%), Klebsiella pneumonia (5.55%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2.77%), Listeria monocytogenes (2.77%), Arcanobacterium pyogenes (2.77%). The bacterial types isolated from both intestine and liver were, E.coli, Corynebacterium spp, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus spp, Enterococcus faecalis ,Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus spp and Arcanobacterium pyogenes. The virulence factors tests were used for some liver isolates which included, protease, licethinase, lipase, urease, coagulase and haemolysin.

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Chemical Constituents and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils of Needles of Pinus Sylvestris (Scots Pine) from South West Nigeria

10.21203/rs.3.rs-635195/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kehinde A. Oyewole ◽

Omotayo O. Oyedara ◽

Shola H. Awojide ◽

Mary O. Olawade ◽

Charles O. Adetunji

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Pinus Sylvestris ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Micrococcus Luteus ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Klebsiella Pneumonia

Abstract Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) is a coniferous plant that possesses different biological properties such as antiseptic, antioxidant, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory. This study investigated the chemical constituents and in vitro antibacterial activities of essential oil (EO) of Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) against thirteen bacterial species using Gas chromatography/mass spectrophotometry (GC/MS) and standard agar well diffusion assay. The EO exhibited excellent antibacterial activity inhibiting all the bacterial isolates tested with the diameter zone of inhibitions (Zi) ranging from 8–24 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) ranged between 0.025mg/ml and 25.000mg/ml. The highest antibacterial activity was recorded against Micrococcus luteus NCIB 196 and Klebsiella pneumonia NCIB 418 (Zi = 24 mm), while the lowest activity was recorded against Proteus vulgaris (Zi = 8 mm). The GC/MS analysis revealed the presence of 30 chemical compounds, of which seven possess antibacterial properties. These include three oxygenated monoterpenes (α-terpineol, borneol, and fenchol), two sesquiterpenes (caryophyllene and δ-cadinene), one saturated fatty acid (palmitic acid) and monounsaturated fatty acid (oleic acids). Therefore, the results suggest the potential of P. sylvestris as an antimicrobial agent for incorporation in the treatment of pathogens.

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Microbiological Analysis of Zobo Drink Preserved with Scent Leaves (Ocimum gratissimum)

South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology ◽

10.9734/sajrm/2020/v8i230187 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Chukwuma G. Udensi ◽

Ugonna D. Nwankpa ◽

Emmanuel K. Amanze ◽

Chibuzor V. Nwokafor ◽

Chinedu E. Udekwu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Microbiological Quality ◽

Bacterial Count ◽

Microbiological Analysis ◽

Microbial Counts ◽

Sanitary Condition ◽

Bacillus Spp ◽

Penicillium Spp

Aim: To determine the microbiological quality of zobo drink preserved with scent leaves. Methods: The zobo drink and scent leaves were prepared and evaluated using standard microbiological techniques. Results: Twenty three (23) bacteria species and fourteen (14) fungi species were identified from zobo drink preserved with scent leaves samples. This reveals the major bacterial species to be Enterobacter spp, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus spp, and Micrococcus spp. and fungi species to be Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus spp and Penicillium spp. The bacterial and fungal counts decreased as the days increased with day 1 having the highest bacterial and fungal counts at 1.41x105 (cfu/ml) and 3.1x104 (cfu/ml) respectively. The control samples were generally higher than the counts recorded on the bacterial and fungal counts. Zobo + scent leaves (ZSC) recorded the highest bacterial count at 1.41x105 (cfu/ml), while the least was recorded for (ZSA) at 1.01x106 (cfu/ml). Zobo + Scent (ZSC) recorded the highest fungal counts at 3.1x104 (cfu/ml), while the least was recorded for ZSA at 1.2x105 (cfu/ml). From this study, Bacillus spp and Staphylococcus aureus were the most frequently occurring bacterial isolates with a high percentage occurrence of 8(21.6%) and 6(16.2%), while Penicillium spp was the most frequently occurring fungal isolate. Conclusion: The association of these microorganisms with foods such as the commercial zobo drinks may be as a result of poor hygiene or poor sanitary condition. The microbial counts showed that among the zobo drink preserved with scent leaves samples, zobo + scent leaves (ZSC) is the most predisposed product to microbial population due to the high microbial counts recorded. Therefore, the result revealed that the samples of zobo drink were directly and indirectly contaminated with high levels of pathogenic bacteria, but can be reduced by the addition of scent leaves as a preservative.

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Antibacterial potential of nudibranch-associated bacteria from Saparua and Nusa Laut Islands, Indonesia

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d200704 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (7) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

RHESI KRISTIANA ◽

MADA TRIANDALA SIBERO ◽

MACELLYNE YOHANNA FARISA ◽

DIAH AYUNINGRUM ◽

DIO DIRGANTARA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Micrococcus Luteus ◽

International Health ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽

Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽

Associated Bacteria ◽

E Coli ◽

Antibacterial Potential

Abstract. Kristiana R, Sibero MT, Farisa MY, Ayuningrum D, Dirgantara D, Hanafi M, Radjasa OK, Sabdono A, Trianto A. 2019. Antibacterial potential of nudibranch-associated bacteria from Saparua and Nusa Laut Islands, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 1811-1819. Infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria are the international health issue that triggers the urgency of finding new antibacterial agents. The aim of this study was to obtain the nudibranchs-associated bacteria that have bioactivity against multidrug-resistant bacteria. A total of 13 species of nudibranch were identified based on morphological characterization. Overlay methods were used for the screening of the isolates bioactivity against six pathogenic multidrug-resistant bacteria. The Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) of the crude extract was evaluated against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Micrococcus luteus, and Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases E. coli (ESBL) using MTT method. A total of 145 isolates were obtained which eleven of the isolates showed antibacterial activity against the pathogenic bacteria. The MIC tests showed that the best acivity was isolate SM-S-9-15 and SM-N-3-7. The methanolic extract of isolate SM-S-9-15 active to all of the pathogenic bacteria, while the ethyl acetate extract of the isolate SM-N-3-7 active to the E. coli, B. subtilis, K. pneumonia at the concentration of 500 mg/mL. According to 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence-based identification, all active isolates belong to Virgibacillus marismortui, V. dokdonensis, Bacillus kochii, Vibrio algynoliticus, and Pseudoalteromonas piscicida.

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