A common androgen synthesis variant is associated with COVID susceptibility
A sex discordance in COVID exists, with males disproportionately affected. More broadly, sex differences in infectious and inflammatory processes are well known, with women tending to mount stronger immune responses than men. Although there is evidence that sex hormone signaling is immunomodulatory, including downregulation of immune/inflammatory responses by androgens, the existence of numerous other physiologic differences between the sexes leads to great uncertainty in attributing worse infectious disease outcomes in men to androgen signaling. No definitive genetic data exist to support androgen-mediated immune suppression for viral susceptibility, nor for adrenal androgens. Here we show an association between inheritance of the common adrenal-permissive missense-encoding variant HSD3B1(1245C), that enables androgen synthesis from adrenal precursors10, and susceptibility to COVID. The adrenal-permissive HSD3B1(1245C) has previously been linked to suppression of inflammation in severe asthma. In analysis of COVID test results from the UK Biobank, we show that in older (≥ 70 years of age) subjects, the adrenal-permissive variant is associated with a greater chance of being COVID-positive. The effect increases with the number of HSD3B1(1245C) alleles inherited and is greater in females such that increasing androgen synthesis confers risk approaching males. Our study suggests that a common androgen synthesis variant regulates immune susceptibility to COVID infection as well as potentially other immune and inflammatory processes.