Analysis of the interventions adopted due to the COVID-19 on ARI morbility for Colombia

Acute Respiratory Infections are among the leading causes of death globally, particularly in developing countries, and are highly correlated with the quality of health and surveillance systems and effective early interventions in high-risk age groups. According to the World Health Organization, about four million people die each year from mostly preventable respiratory tract infections, making it a public health concern. The official declaration of a pandemic in March 2020 due to the Sars-CoV-2 virus coincided with the influenza season in Colombia and with environmental alerts about low air quality that increase its incidence. The objective of this document is the application of a flexible model for the identification of the pattern and monitoring of ARI morbility for Colombia by age group that shows atypical patterns in the reported series for 5 departments and that coincide with the decisions implemented to contain the COVID-19

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Bringing Preventive RSV Monoclonal Antibodies to Infants in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Challenges and Opportunities

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines9090961 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 961

Author(s):

Jintanat Ananworanich ◽

Penny M. Heaton

Keyword(s):

Healthcare Delivery ◽

World Health ◽

Surveillance Systems ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Challenges And Opportunities ◽

Syncytial Virus ◽

Health Organization ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Low And Middle Income

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in infants. Most deaths occur in infants under 3 months old, and those living in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). There are no maternal or infant RSV vaccines currently approved. An RSV monoclonal antibody (mAb) could fill the gap until vaccines are available. It could also be used when a vaccine is not given, or when there is insufficient time to vaccinate and generate an antibody response. The only currently approved RSV mAb, palivizumab, is too costly and needs monthly administration, which is not possible in LMICs. It is imperative that a safe, effective, and affordable mAb to prevent severe RSV LRTI be developed for infants in LMICs. Next generation, half-life extended mAbs in clinical development, such as nirsevimab, show promise in protecting infants against RSV LRTI. Given that a single dose could cover an entire 5-month season, there is an opportunity to make RSV mAbs affordable for LMICs by investing in improvements in manufacturing efficiency. The challenges of using RSV mAbs in LMICs are the complexities of integrating them into existing healthcare delivery programs and surveillance systems, both of which are needed to define seasonal patterns, and monitor for escape mutants. Collaboration with key stakeholders such as the World Health Organization and Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, will be essential for achieving this goal.

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Diagnosis of pyelonephritis in children

Kazan medical journal ◽

10.17816/kazmj62211 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 63 (4) ◽

pp. 19-21

Author(s):

E. I. Zemlyakova ◽

R. G. Kamalova

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

World Health Organization ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

World Health ◽

Acute Respiratory Infections ◽

Timely Manner ◽

The World ◽

Health Organization ◽

Tract Infections

According to the World Health Organization, urinary tract infections are the second most common after acute respiratory infections. It is known that pyelonephritis is not always diagnosed in a timely manner, has a tendency to persistent flow, is difficult to treat, sometimes causing severe complications. Often it is necessary to decide on the origin of the disease, since the tactics of treatment and observation in primary and secondary pyelonephritis are different.

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Prevalence of dental caries among children of SOS children's village in Croatia

Vojnosanitetski pregled ◽

10.2298/vsp170117061i ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 76 (2) ◽

pp. 123-128

Author(s):

Zrinka Ivanisevic ◽

Marko Matijevic ◽

Zvonimir Uzarevic ◽

Djordje Petrovic ◽

Davor Jurlina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Age Groups ◽

World Health ◽

Dental Instruments ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The World ◽

The Mean ◽

Health Organization

Background/Aim. Oral health is an integral part of general health and an important factor in the overall quality of life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of dental caries among the children from the SOS Children?s Village in Croatia. Methods. The dental examinations based on the World Health Organization criteria were performed on 88 children from SOS Children?s Village in Croatia. The teeth were clinically examined with standard dental instruments using the visual-tactile method under standard light. The clinical indexes of decayed, missed, and filled (dmft and DMFT, for primary and permantnt teeth, respectively) and decayed, missed, and filled surfaces (DMFS), as well as the significant caries index (SiC) were recorded. Results. Among the children from the SOS Children?s Village caries incidence were 57.94%. The mean dmft, DMFT and DMFS of all children was 1.82, 1.90 and 2.82, respectively. The highest mean dmft and DMFT score of 4.24 and 2.56 was found among 7?10 and 11?14 years old children, respectively. The highest mean DMFS score of 3.85 and 3.90 was found among 11?14 years old children and among the children from the SOS Children?s Village Lekenik, respectively. Among all children, the SiC index was 4.69. There was a significant difference between age groups and children?s place of residence in DMFT, DMFS and SiC. Conclusion. Prevalence of dental caries is low among the children from the SOS Children?s Village in Croatia compared to the children who lived with biological families.

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Perspective on Clinically-Relevant Antimicrobial Resistant Enterobacterales in Food: Closing the Gaps Using Genomics

Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems ◽

10.3389/fsufs.2021.667504 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

Author(s):

Constanza Díaz-Gavidia ◽

Francisca P. Álvarez ◽

Jose M. Munita ◽

Sandra Cortés ◽

Andrea I. Moreno-Switt

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Foodborne Pathogens ◽

Scientific Data ◽

World Health ◽

Surveillance Systems ◽

Genomic Relationships ◽

Closing The Gaps ◽

Contaminated Food ◽

Health Organization ◽

Tract Infections

Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most important public health concerns—it causes 700,000 deaths annually according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Enterobacterales such as E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, have become resistant to many relevant antimicrobials including carbapenems and extended spectrum cephalosporins. These clinically relevant resistant Enterobacterales (CRRE) members are now globally distributed in the environment including different food types (meats, produce, dairy). Unlike known foodborne pathogens, CRRE are not usually part of most food surveillance systems. However, numerous reports of CRRE highlight the importance of these bacteria in food and have been shown to contribute to the overall crisis of antimicrobial resistance. This is especially important in the context of carriage of these pathogens by immuno-compromised individuals. CRRE infections upon consumption of contaminated food could colonize the human gastrointestinal tract and eventually be a source of systemic infections such as urinary tract infections or septicemia. While different aspects need to be considered to elucidate this, whole genome sequencing along with metadata could be used to understand genomic relationships of CRRE obtained from foods and humans, including isolates from clinical infections. Once robust scientific data is available on the role of CRRE in food, countries could move forward to better survey and control CRRE in food.

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Nutrition transition in Chile: determinants and consequences

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1079/phn2001283 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 5 (1a) ◽

pp. 123-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 120

Author(s):

Cecilia Albala ◽

Fernando Vio ◽

Juliana Kain ◽

Ricardo Uauy

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Nutrition Transition ◽

Age Groups ◽

Population Based ◽

Nutritional Risk ◽

World Health ◽

Surveillance Systems ◽

Food And Agriculture ◽

Promotion Policies ◽

Health Organization

AbstractObjectives:The purpose of this study was to analyse the determinants and consequences of the nutrition transition in Chile and describe the related health promotion policies.Design and setting: This is a descriptive, population-based study including data on demographic, diet, nutrition and biomedical related variables. Data came from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the National Institute of Statistics (INE), the Ministries of Planning, Health and Education surveillance systems, and national surveys.Results:As malnutrition decreased during the 1980s, obesity increased rapidly in all age groups. In adults, currently about 25% of women are obese (body mass index > 30 kgm−2); particularly those from low socio-economic levels. Among pre-schoolers, obesity is now 10% while in 6-year-old children it is 17.5% (weight/height greater than two standard deviations (>2SD) of the World Health Organization reference). Nutritional risk factors are prevalent, diet is changing to a ‘Western diet’ with an increasing fat consumption, and sedentarianism is constant in all groups. High blood pressure (>140/90) is greater than 10% in adults. Diabetes is increasing in urban areas, including in the indigenous population, and more than 40% of adults have a cholesterol level of more than 200mgml−1.Conclusions:Promotion of healthy lifestyles is the main strategy to cope with this situation, particularly changing behaviour in food habits, physical activity and psychosocial factors. Changes in lifestyles will not only allow the prolonged life expectancy to be of better quality, but also will favour a decrease in the morbidity and mortality from chronic diseases, mainly cardiovascular diseases.

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The Construct of the Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale Revision 4 for the Population of Taiwan

Occupational Therapy International ◽

10.1155/2017/5328101 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Chia-Ting Su ◽

Ai-Lun Yang ◽

Chung-Ying Lin

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Rating Scale ◽

World Health ◽

World Health Organization Quality ◽

Quality Of Life Scale ◽

Life Scale ◽

Highly Correlated ◽

Health Organization

This study examines the factor structure of the Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale Revision 4 (SQLS-R4) for inpatients with schizophrenia in a psychiatric hospital in southern Taiwan. All the participants (n=100) filled out the SQLS-R4, Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE), and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) under the supervision of one experienced occupational therapist. Using confirmatory factor analysis, we first determined that a 29-item model was more satisfactory than the original 33-item model based on the findings of better fit indices for the 29-item model. We then found that a three-correlated-factor structure was best for the SQLS-R4 after four models (namely, two-correlated-factor, three-correlated-factor, seven-correlated-factor, and second-order models) had been compared. In addition, the three constructs (psychosocial, physical, and vitality) were moderately to highly correlated with the constructs of the World Health Organization Quality of Life- (WHOQOL-) BREF (r=-0.38 to -0.69), except for one low correlation between the vitality construct of the SQLS-R4 and the psychological construct of the WHOQOL-BREF (r=-0.26). We tentatively conclude that the SQLS-R4 with a three-correlated-factor structure is a valid and reliable instrument for examining the quality of life of people with schizophrenia.

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The epidemiology of recurrent bacterial pneumonia in people with AIDS in Europe

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268804003267 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 133 (2) ◽

pp. 237-243 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

V. PURO ◽

D. SERRAINO ◽

P. PISELLI ◽

E. BOUMIS ◽

N. PETROSILLO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Use ◽

Bacterial Pneumonia ◽

Western Europe ◽

Age Groups ◽

Intravenous Drug ◽

World Health ◽

Surveillance Systems ◽

Intravenous Drug Use ◽

Highly Active ◽

Health Organization

Data from AIDS surveillance systems in the World Health Organization European region (1993–2001) were analysed to describe the main epidemiological aspects of recurrent bacterial pneumonia (RBP) as AIDS-defining illness (ADI) in Europe. Among the 153756 AIDS cases analysed, 5796 (3·8%) had RBP. The proportion of RBP was higher (8·3%) in eastern than in western Europe (3·6%), possibly because of a greater propensity of certain countries to diagnose RBP. In western Europe, the proportion of RBP as ADI appeared to increase over time up to 1998 (from 2·5% to 4·5%), and declined thereafter (3·3% in 2001). RBP was strongly associated with intravenous drug use (odds ratio 3·0, 95% CI 2·7–3·3), whereas it did not differ in age groups or geographical areas. The study findings confirm the crucial role of intravenous drug use in the occurrence of RBP and suggest that highly active antiretroviral therapies might have had a postponing impact on the relative frequency of RBP as ADI.

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Evaluating the Novel Coronavirus infection outbreak surveillance results in a state hospital: a retrospective study

African Health Sciences ◽

10.4314/ahs.v21i3.19 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 1107-1116

Author(s):

Ezgi Dirgar ◽

Betül Tosun ◽

Soner Berşe ◽

Nuran Tosun

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Clinical Status ◽

Age Groups ◽

World Health ◽

Health Concern ◽

The Novel ◽

Global Public Health ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

Health Organization

Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has raised the global public health concern and has been declared a pan- demic by the World Health Organization. Objectives: This study was aimed to examine the clinical course and outcomes of the patients with COVID-19 in the south- eastern part of Turkey. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on the files of 173 patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19. The “COVID-19 Case Information Form” in the patients’ medical records was used. Results: Of the patients with COVID-19, 64.2% were male and 16.2% had a chronic disease. Their mean age was 34.76±25.75 years. Cough and fatigue were the most common clinical symptoms at admission with 38.7%. The patients at the age of 65 and over were treated mostly in the intensive care unit, and the symptoms associated with the cardiovascular and nausea and vomiting were observed more often (p<0.05). Conclusions: It was found that the majority of the patients were male and there were differences between the age groups in terms of transmission route, the clinic where they were being followed-up, some symptoms, and clinical status outcome. It is recommended that multi-center, prospective, experimental, or observational studies with larger samples should be and the patients should be followed-up for longer periods. Keywords: COVID-19; coronavirus; surveillance; retrospective study.

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COVID-19 pediatric mortality rates are heterogenous between countries

10.1101/2020.09.17.20196832 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Nadia Gonzalez-Garcia ◽

America Liliana Miranda-Lora ◽

Jorge Mendez-Galvan ◽

Javier T Granados-Riveron ◽

Jaime Nieto-Zermeno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neonatal Mortality ◽

Age Groups ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

World Health ◽

Age Group ◽

The World ◽

Disaggregated Data ◽

Mortality Disparities ◽

Health Organization

Introduction: Severe COVID-19 is infrequent in children, with a lethality rate of about 0.08%. This study aims to explore differences in the pediatric mortality rate between countries. Methods: Countries with populations over 5 million that report COVID-19 deaths disaggregated data by quinquennial or decennial age groups were analyzed. Data were extracted from COVID-19 Cases and Deaths by Age Database, national ministries of health, and the World Health Organization. Results: 23 countries were included in the analysis. Pediatric mortality varied from 0 to 12.1 deaths per million people of the corresponding age group, with the highest rate in Peru. In most countries, deaths were more frequent in the 0-4 years old age group, except for Brazil. The pediatric/ general COVID-19 mortality showed a great variation between countries and ranged from 0 (Republic of Korea) to 10.4% (India). Pediatric and Pediatric/general COVID mortality have a strong correlation with 2018 neonatal mortality (r=0.77, p<0.001 and r= 0.88, p<0.001 respectively), while it has a moderate or absent (r=0.47, p=0.02 and r=0.19, p=0.38, respectively) correlation with COVID-19 mortality in the general population. Conclusions: There is an important heterogenicity in pediatric COVI-19 mortality between countries that parallels historical neonatal mortality. Neonatal mortality is a known index of the quality of a country s Health System which points to the importance of social determinants of health in pediatric COVID-19 mortality disparities, an issue which should be further explored.

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COVID-19 Pandemic, Disparity and Vaccine: An Update

Biotechnology and Bioprocessing ◽

10.31579/2766-2314/020 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 01-03

Author(s):

Prabir Mandal

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Respiratory Illness ◽

World Health ◽

Health Concern ◽

Highly Pathogenic ◽

New Public Health ◽

New Public ◽

Health Organization

Coronaviruses are a diverse group of viruses infecting many different animals, and they can cause mild to severe respiratory infections in humans. In 2002 and 2012, respectively, two highly pathogenic coronaviruses with zoonotic origin, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), emerged in humans and caused fatal respiratory illness, making emerging coronaviruses a new public health concern in the twenty-first century1. In early December 2019, an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), occurred in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. On January 30, 2020 the World Health Organization declared the outbreak as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. As of February 14, 2020, 49,053 laboratory-confirmed and 1,381 deaths have been reported globally.

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