scholarly journals No preference for prosocial ‘helping’ behavior in rats with concurrent social interaction opportunities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey A. Heslin ◽  
Michael F. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Helping Behavior ◽  
Simultaneous Choice ◽  
Initial Preference ◽  
The Social ◽  
Empathic Behavior

Abstract‘Helping behavior’ tasks are proposed to assess prosocial or ‘empathic’ behavior in rodents. This paradigm characterizes the behavior of subject animals presented with the opportunity to release a conspecific from a distressing situation. Previous studies found a preference in rats for releasing restrained or distressed conspecifics over other controls (e.g., empty restrainers or inanimate objects). An empathy account was offered to explain the observed behaviors, claiming subjects were motivated to reduce the distress of others based on a rodent homologue of empathy. An opposing account attributes all previous results to subjects seeking social-contact. To dissociate these two accounts for helping behavior, we presented subject rats with three simultaneous choice alternatives: releasing a restrained conspecific, engaging a non-restrained conspecific, or not socializing. Subjects showed an initial preference for socializing with the non-restrained conspecific, and no preference for helping. This result contradicts the empathy account, but is consistent with the social-contact account of helping behavior.

scholarly journals The intestinal microbiota-driven dopamine level influences social interaction and innate color preference in zebrafish larvae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju Wang ◽  
Feng Zheng ◽  
Lifeng Yin ◽  
Shengnan Shi ◽  
bing hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Social Recognition ◽  
Color Preference ◽  
Dopamine Level ◽  
Zebrafish Larvae ◽  
The Social ◽  
Shoaling Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

Gut microbiota influence neurodevelopment of brain and programing of behaviors. However, the mechanism underlining the relationship between shoals' behaviors and intestinal microbiota remain controversial and the roles of neurotransmitters are still unclear. Here we show that, shoaling behavior affected the innate color preference of shoals, indicating that shoals tended to choose a favorable color environment that benefits social contact. Meanwhile, administration of D1-R antagonist disrupted the social interaction which led to the deficits of color preference. More importantly, the altered microbiota caused by an antibiotic OTC decreased the sociability and weakened shoals' color preference. When given a supplement of LGG after OTC exposure, fish exhibited an unexpectedly recovery capability in social cohesion and color preference. Our findings show that dopamine level of brain could mediate both social recognition and color preference, and highlight the pathway of microbial metabolites through the microbiota-gut-brain axis that coordinate the production of dopamine.

scholarly journals Dual brain cortical calcium imaging reveals social interaction-specific wide-spread correlated cortical activity in mice.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Michelson ◽  
Federico Bolaños ◽  
Luis Bolaños ◽  
Matilde Balbi ◽  
Jeffrey M LeDue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Calcium Imaging ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Cortical Activity ◽  
Contact Period ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Social Touch ◽  
Correlated Activity ◽  
The Social

We employ cortical mesoscale calcium-imaging to observe brain activity in two head-fixed mice in a staged social touch-like interaction. Using a rail system, mice are brought together to a distance where macrovibrissae of each mouse make contact. Cortical signals were recorded from both mice simultaneously before, during, and after the social contact period. When the mice were together, we observed bouts of mutual whisking and cross-mouse correlated cortical activity in the vibrissae cortex. This correlated activity was specific to individual interactions as the correlations fell in trial-shuffled mouse pairs. Whisk-related global GCAMP6s signals were greater in cagemate pairs during the together period. The effects of social interaction extend outside of regions associated with mutual touch and had global synchronizing effects on cortical activity. We present an open-source platform to investigate the neurobiology of social interaction by including mechanical drawings, protocols, and software necessary for others to extend this work.

scholarly journals Social Interactions of TB Patients at Helvetia Community Health Center in Medan

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Elis Anggeria ◽  
Yosni Yohana Sipayung ◽  
Kristin Mei Sara Zebua
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Community Health Center ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
The Social ◽  
Male High School

Social interaction is a relationship between humans, both in individuals and in groups. Social interaction in society occurs because of social contact and communication. Pulmonary TB is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This study aimed to determine the social interaction of pulmonary tuberculosis patients at Helvetia Community Health Center in Medan. This study used a descriptive design. The population in this study were all patients suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis. The sample size was determined using a purposive sampling technique, and it was found that the sample size was 33 respondents. The data collection used observation form. The data analysis used frequency distribution. The result shows various respondents' characteristics. The majority were 29-43 years old, male, high school educated, self-employed, and have suffered from TB ≤ 3 years. Based on the study result, 25 of 33 sample patients with pulmonary tuberculosis still interacted socially with their community. The conclusion is that patients with pulmonary tuberculosis still socially interact with the community in their neighborhood.

scholarly journals INTERAKSI SOSIAL DALAM MEMBANGUN TOLERANSI ANTAR UMAT BERAGAMA DI DUSUN DODOL DESA WONOAGUNG KECAMATAN KASEMBON KABUPATEN MALANG

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Imam Syaifudin
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Spiritual Values ◽  
Mutual Help ◽  
Religious People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Using Data

<p>In religious life can’t be separated with the social interaction, more people who have a different religious background, with the social contact between communities and spiritual values, of course, can build tolerance among religious people. The purpose of this study is to: (1). Describe the pattern of social interaction in developing an understanding of the community in Dodol Hamlet Village Wonoagung District Kasembon (2). Describe the forms of community tolerance Dodol Hamlet Village Wonoagung Kasembon District. To achieve the above objectives, a qualitative research approach with phenomenology is used. The key instrument is the researcher himself, and the data collection techniques used are interviews, observation, and documentation. Data were analyzed using data triangulation technique by digging data from various sources then exposing the data and drawing conclusions. From the results of the study found that the creation of harmony, because of each of the religious adherents of each other open and accept the existence of other religions. The existence of religious diversity that exists in Dodol doesn’t make the interaction between the people of Dodol to be tenuous and rigid, it actually makes its own beauty that can be seen in the pattern of community interaction Dodol citizens. In conducting activities that are social, Dodol people do not consider the majority or minority groups. They always instilled a strong sense of brotherhood and uphold the attitude of mutual help in their society. In relation to building religious tolerance, Dodol people generally have a very dynamic pattern of harmony. This can be seen from the pattern of religious social relations and social relations patterns, which will explain how the pattern of religious harmony that occurred in Dodol Hamlet. In addition, there are also factors that affect the tolerance that occurred in Dodol, namely: family ties, mutual respect, and respect between religious people and mutual help.</p><p class="CPKeyword">Keywords: social interaction, tolerance, religious</p>

scholarly journals Tayangan Video Animasi “Si Nopal” Untuk Mendukung Interaksi Sosial Siswa Sekolah Dasar

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-216
Author(s):  
Ghafiruna Al Aziz ◽  
Chumi Zahroul Fitriyah ◽  
Zetti Finali
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Associative Processes ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
Animated Film ◽  
Support Students ◽  
Collection Methods

Social interaction is a dynamic social relationship that involves relationships between individuals, between groups, and between individuals and groups. The purpose of this research is to analyse an animated film "Si Nopal" in supporting social interaction of the elementary students. The type and design of the study used in this study is descriptive research. The data collection methods are documentation and interviews. Qualitative data analysis used in this study consisted of three activity processes, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Based on the results and discussion it can be seen that the Nopal's animated video can support students' social interactions. The social interactions in the Nopal animated video include the communication process, social contact, and associative processes. Students who are given the animated video show "Si Nopal" have the motivation to imitate the aspects of social interaction in the video shown.

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN PENGUKURAN KETERAMPILAN SOSIAL SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR INKLUSIF BERBASIS DIVERSITY AWARENESS

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Aini Mahabbati ◽  
Tin Suharmini ◽  
Purwandari Purwandari ◽  
Heri Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Helping Behavior ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Diversity Awareness ◽  
School Students ◽  
The Social ◽  
Scale Behavior

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan konstrak skala pengukuran keterampilan sosial siswa sekolah dasar inklusif berbasis diversity awareness. Langkah penelitian adalah eksplorasi konstrak keterampilan sosial melalui kajian pustaka dan FGD dan mengonstruksi aspek dan indikator untuk menjadi rancangan skala perilaku Likert. Subjek penelitian adalah 15 guru kelas dari SD inkusif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aspek keterampilan sosial berdasarkan diversity awareness yang berhasil dirumuskan tujuh (7) aspek, meliputi kemampuan empati (32,4%), komunikasi dan interaksi sosial (28,9%), mengendalikan agresi (10,8%), sikap terbuka (8,8%), perilaku membantu (8,3%), kemampuan memahami diri (6,9%), dan perilaku mau belajar (3,9%). Rancangan instrumen pengukuran skala keterampilan sosial siswa SD inklusif berbasis diversity awareness terdiri dari indikator-indikator yang ditetapkan berdasarkan proporsi persentase kemunculan masing-masing aspek. Aspek kemampuan empati memiliki 15 indikator, komunikasi dan interaksi sosial 13 indikator, mengendalikan agresi 5 indikator, sikap terbuka 4 indikator, perilaku membantu 4 indikator, memahami diri 3 indikator, dan perilaku mau belajar 2 indikator. Total indikator berjumlah 46 yang menjadi item pada alat ukur yang dihasilkan.This research aimed to develop the constuction of social skills measurement scale for inclusive primary school students based on diversity awareness. The phases of this research were the exploration of the social skills construction through the literature study and FGD, and constructed the aspects and indicators to be designed as Likert scale behavior. The subjects were 15 teachers from elementary inclusive schools. The results formulated seven (7) aspects of social skills based on diversity awareness, including the ability of empathy (32.4%), communication and social interaction (28.9%), controlling aggression (10.8%), openness (8.8%), helping behavior (8.3%), the ability to understand themselves (6.9%), and willing to learn (3.9%). The draft of instrument consists of indicators defined by the proportion of the percentage of each of these aspects. Aspects capacity for empathy has 15 indicators, communication and social interaction has 13 indicators, controlling aggression has five indicators, four indicators for openness, behavior helped for four indicators, three indicators for understanding themselves, and willingness to learn has two indicators. Total indicators are 46 which become the items on the resulting measurement tool.

scholarly journals The Pantun Pitutur Song: A Study of Educational Values in The Music Show of The Marawis Suma Budhaya Group

Catharsis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Projo Sulaksono ◽  
Totok Sumaryanto Florentinus ◽  
Wadiyo Wadiyo
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Group Performance ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Educational Values ◽  
Data Presentation ◽  
Musical Play ◽  
The Social ◽  
Study Techniques

This study aims to analyze the educational values of that is implemented through the process of interaction in the musical play of the "Pantun Pitutur" song in the Suma Budhaya group performance. This study used a qualitative method with an interdisciplinary approach to sociology and education. The data were collected by using observation, interview, and document study techniques. The data analysis procedures used data reduction, data presentation, and data verification. The validity of the data used were triangulation, data sources, and theory. The results showed that in the musical play "Pantun Pitutur" there was a process of social interaction among fellow musicians, musicians with the Suma Budhaya group, and the Suma Budhaya group with the community. Social interaction occurs through communication and social contact symbolically by using language, signs, and body language. Social contact in this performance is primary and positive. The social interaction process that was impledmented contains several educational values to the community. The educational values include; 1). Religious Value; 2). Cooperation Value; 3). Pluralist Value; and 4). Responsibility Value. The results of this study can be used as a reference regarding the study of educational values.

scholarly journals Social Interaction: Communicative Approach

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-129
Author(s):  
Margaryta Zaitseva ◽  
Lyudmyla Pelepeychenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Communicative Interaction ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Internet News ◽  
Social Communications ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Communicative ◽  
News Programs ◽  
Stated Problem

The article focuses on the study of requirements for communication in the social sphere and justification of their specificity in comparison with other types of verbal interaction. The relevance of the stated problem is determined by the significant influence of social communications on society and the dependence of public safety on the effectiveness of social interaction. The study aimed at identifying the types of violations of commonly known maxims in the social sphere and substantiating the specificity of requirements for social communicative interaction. Two main methods were used in the research: projecting and modeling. The well-known communication maxims were divided into two groups. The first group contains those that define the requirements for organizing the content of the message and are aimed at ensuring the fullness of its perception by the addressees. The second group includes maxims, which establish requirements for the moral climate of communication and the implementation of the principle of politeness. The data of interviews given by representatives of governmental bodies to journalists of certain TV channels and blogs, as well as the analysis of Internet news videos revealed the types of violations of the well-known maxims of communication in the social domain. The main ones are:  ignoring the maxims of the second group in interviews and non-compliance with the maxims of the first group in news programs. It has been proved that the well-known maxims of communication need to be revised taking into account the conditions of social contact discourse. The specificity of maxims in social communicative interaction was substantiated. 

scholarly journals The Urinary Hormonal State of Cats Associated With Social Interaction With Humans

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takumi Nagasawa ◽  
Mitsuaki Ohta ◽  
Hidehiko Uchiyama
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Social Condition ◽  
Urinary Concentration ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

Research to assess the relationship between cats and humans is in a nascent stage. Some studies have assessed the stress status in cats using physiological indicators, such as the cortisol hormone, but have not focused on the social interaction with humans. Moreover, the role of oxytocin secretion in the relationship between cats and humans remains unclear. In this study, we determined the possibility of quantifying the urinary concentration of oxytocin in cats and assessed the effects of social contact with humans on the levels of urinary oxytocin and cortisol metabolite. Four cats were subjected to two conditions, namely, social (control), and non-social (no social contact with humans) conditions. The levels of cortisol and oxytocin metabolite in urine samples from the cats in both conditions were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The urinary concentrations of cortisol and oxytocin under the non-social condition were significantly higher than those under the social condition. In addition, the concentration of oxytocin significantly correlated with that of cortisol in cats under the non-social condition. In this study, it was possible to quantify the concentration of oxytocin in the urine of cats, and the obtained results suggest that cats recognize the social interaction with humans as important. This information might contribute to the establishment of an assessment method for the welfare of cats and might help in clarifying the relationship between cats and humans.

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