scholarly journals Epidemiological and Economic Impact of COVID-19 in the US

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangzhuo Chen ◽  
Anil Vullikanti ◽  
Joost Santos ◽  
Srinivasan Venkatramanan ◽  
Stefan Hoops ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Supply ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Professional Services ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Us Economy ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Us ◽  
Epidemiological Impact

AbstractThis research measures the epidemiological and economic impact of COVID-19 spread in the US under different mitigation scenarios, comprising of non-pharmaceutical interventions. A detailed disease model of COVID-19 is combined with a model of the US economy to estimate the direct impact of labor supply shock to each sector arising from morbidity, mortality, and lockdown, as well as the indirect impact caused by the interdependencies between sectors. During a lockdown, estimates of jobs that are workable from home in each sector are used to modify the shock to labor supply. Results show trade-offs between economic losses, and lives saved and infections averted are non-linear in compliance to social distancing and the duration of lockdown. Sectors that are worst hit are not the labor-intensive sectors such as Agriculture and Construction, but the ones with high valued jobs such as Professional Services, even after the teleworkability of jobs is accounted for. Additionally, the findings show that a low compliance to interventions can be overcome by a longer shutdown period and vice versa to arrive at similar epidemiological impact but their net effect on economic loss depends on the interplay between the marginal gains from averting infections and deaths, versus the marginal loss from having healthy workers stay at home during the shutdown.

scholarly journals Epidemiological and economic impact of COVID-19 in the US

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangzhuo Chen ◽  
Anil Vullikanti ◽  
Joost Santos ◽  
Srinivasan Venkatramanan ◽  
Stefan Hoops ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Supply ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Professional Services ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Us Economy ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Us

AbstractThis research measures the epidemiological and economic impact of COVID-19 spread in the US under different mitigation scenarios, comprising of non-pharmaceutical interventions. A detailed disease model of COVID-19 is combined with a model of the US economy to estimate the direct impact of labor supply shock to each sector arising from morbidity, mortality, and lockdown, as well as the indirect impact caused by the interdependencies between sectors. During a lockdown, estimates of jobs that are workable from home in each sector are used to modify the shock to labor supply. Results show trade-offs between economic losses, and lives saved and infections averted are non-linear in compliance to social distancing and the duration of the lockdown. Sectors that are worst hit are not the labor-intensive sectors such as the Agriculture sector and the Construction sector, but the ones with high valued jobs such as the Professional Services, even after the teleworkability of jobs is accounted for. Additionally, the findings show that a low compliance to interventions can be overcome by a longer shutdown period and vice versa to arrive at similar epidemiological impact but their net effect on economic loss depends on the interplay between the marginal gains from averting infections and deaths, versus the marginal loss from having healthy workers stay at home during the shutdown.

scholarly journals Optimal pensions in aging economies

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Burkhard Heer
Keyword(s):  
Labor Supply ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Welfare Gains ◽  
Replacement Ratio ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
Us Economy ◽  
Public Pension System ◽  
Labor Supply Elasticity ◽  
The Us ◽  
Labor Supply Decision

Abstract We derive the optimal replacement ratio of the pay-as-you-go public pension system for the US economy in a life-cycle model that 1) replicates the empirical wage heterogeneity and 2) endogenizes the individual’s labor supply decision. The optimal net pension replacement ratio is found to be in the range of 0%–43% depending on demographic parameters and, in particular, the Frisch labor supply elasticity. Reducing the pensions from the present to the optimal pension policies implies considerable welfare gains amounting to approximately 0.1%–4.1% of total consumption. The welfare increase is particularly pronounced for the greyer US population that is projected for the time after the demographic transition.

scholarly journals PENDEKATAN VALUASI EKONOMI UNTUK MENGHITUNG DAMPAK EKONOMI AKIBAT TUMPAHAN MINYAK DI WILAYAH PESISIR DAN LAUT

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Andrian Ramadhan ◽  
Siti Hajar Suryawati ◽  
Sonny Koeshendrajana
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Administrative Costs ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost

Kejadian tumpahan minyak di laut bisa terjadi sewaktu-waktu dan dimana saja khususnya yang memiliki kedekatan dengan jalur perkapalan dan aktivitas pengeboran minyak. Hal ini menuntut kewaspadaan pemerintah sekaligus kemampuan untuk menanggulangi kejadian yang terjadi secara cepat. Seiring dengan itu, pemerintah juga harus segera dapat menghitung nilai kerugian atau dampak ekonomi yang ditimbulkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyusun pedoman perhitungan dampak kerugian akibat tumpahan minyak dengan pendekatan valuasi ekonomi. Penilaian dengan pendekatan ini memberi keuntungan yaitu terhitungnya seluruh manfaat barang dan jasa yang hilang baik yang bersifat ekonomi langsung, ekologi maupun sosial budaya. Secara total nilai dampak ekonomi dihitung dengan memasukkan tiga komponen yaitu biaya kerugian ekonomi yang dikompensasi, biaya rehabilitasi dan biaya administrasi penghitungan kerugian.Tittle: Economic Valuation Approach for Calculating the Economic Impact Due to Oil Spill on Coastal and MarineOil spills in the sea water can occur at anytime and anywhere especially on sites are closely associated with shipping and oil drilling activities. This issue requires government vigilance and ability in order to cope with it responsively. The government must also be able to calculate the economic loss. The purpose of this research is to compose a guidance of economic valuation for oil spill economic impact. The use of economic valuation give advantages where the loss of all benefits of goods and services, that include economic, ecological and socio-cultural value, are comprehensively counted. In total, the economic impact is calculated based on three components: the cost of compensated economic losses, rehabilitation costs and administrative costs of calculating losses.

US dock strike unlikely to be repeated

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Low Income ◽  
The United States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Work Stoppage ◽  
Us Economy ◽  
Complete Work ◽  
The Us

Significance The slowdown led to extreme backlogs at the ports, which are responsible for about 45.0% of containerised cargo in the United States and goods representing 12.5% of GDP. Importers and exporters are concerned that the tactic of an economically-damaging slowdown or complete work stoppage may be repeated at the end of the contract, or at ports on the East or Gulf Coasts. Impacts The economic impact of the slowdown is calculated to have cost GDP one percentage point in the fourth quarter of 2014. State actions against unions will provide case studies for examining their impact on wage levels. The segmentation of the US economy has made low-income workers suited for greater unionisation. However, they are also most vulnerable to employer action and less able to withstand strikes.

scholarly journals Bovine rabies: economic loss and its mitigation through antirabies vaccination

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Karla M. Mello ◽  
Ricardo C. Brumatti ◽  
Danielle A. Neves ◽  
Lilian O.B. Alcântara ◽  
Fábio S. Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
The Public ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

ABSTRACT: Rabies is among the most common neurological disease in cattle in Brazil, causing significant economic losses. Data on the economic impact of rabies in livestock are available in several countries. However, in Brazil, these data focus mainly on the public health point o view, emphasizing the costs related to the prevention of rabies in humans, in dogs, or wildlife. Specific studies carried out in different regions of Brazil indicate critical economic losses caused by rabies in cattle in this country. However, the studies on the losses caused by the disease in cattle lack a detailed analysis of the affected rural properties based on data from official disease control agencies. The objective of this work was to evaluate the economic impact of bovine rabies, and its mitigation through antirabies vaccination in rural properties in Mato Grosso do Sul, Midwestern Brazil.

152 Body Weight Standardized Cull Sow Non-edible Trim Loss Evaluation

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 143-143
Author(s):  
William E Taylor ◽  
Dalton C Humphrey ◽  
Ben D Peyer ◽  
Kenneth J Stalder
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Relative Percentage ◽  
Additional Work ◽  
Trim Loss

Abstract Non-edible trim loss has been shown to reduce value in market hogs (Johnson et al., 2013). Non-edible trim loss from pork carcasses results from; adhesions, arthritis, and abscess (Keenlislide, 2005). Sow harvest facilities often encounter sow carcasses having one or more non-edible trim loss factors (Knauer, 2007). Non-edible trim loss observed repeatedly in high levels will result in carcass discounts to the seller. The objective of this study was to evaluate the economic impact of non-edible trim loss from cull sow carcasses. Data were collected as a convenience sample from a Midwestern cull-sow harvest facility. This facility focuses on harvesting high quality animals and harvesting “lean” or “boner” sows occurs relatively infrequently. For this study, trim was expressed as a percentage of carcass weight. At this harvest facility all carcasses have some non-edible trim loss. The average total pre-trim carcass weight was 149 kgs (n = 87). The relative percentage of non-edible trim loss was sorted into quartiles. Based on percent trim and average carcass weight the quartiles were classified as 1st Qu. = normal trim (0.5% – 1.2%, n = 22), 2nd Qu. = low trim (1.2% – 2.1%, n =20), 3rd Qu. = medium trim (2.1% – 3.4%, n = 21), and 4th Qu. = high trim (3.4% – 20.9%, n = 22). A 5-year average cull sow price (USDA, ERS) was utilized to calculate the economic loss represented from each quartile of percentage trim. Normal trim, low trim and medium trim showed to have low economic impact. High trim loss had an average economic loss of $9.37 (s.d. = 6.9) on a standardized basis. Substantial economic losses are observed when high trim is measured. Additional work is needed in identifying significant trim loss prior to harvest.

scholarly journals Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic and Economic Impact

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (COVID19-S4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tauseef Ahmad ◽  
Haroon Haroon ◽  
Mukhtiar Baig ◽  
Jin Hui
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Original Work ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Funding Programs ◽  
The International Monetary Fund ◽  
Open Access Article

In less than two decades, the world has experienced three outbreaks of deadly Coronaviruses, including the recent pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China. COVID-19 posed an emergency of international concerns, and cases have been reported in more than 200 countries/regions that resulted in health, lives, and economic losses. China’s economic growth is projected to fall to 5.6% this year, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) projected that policy investment and tax policies to implement $3.3 trillion and contributes further $4.5 trillion. IMF forecasts grow from 3.7% of global gross domestic product (GDP) in 2019 to 9.9% in 2020. GDP ratio projected from 3.0% in 2019 to grow 10.7% in 2020, the US ratio expected to increase from 5.8% to 15.7%. France, Germany, Italy, Japan, and the United Kingdom (UK) each reported public sector funding programs totalling > 10% of their yearly GDP. There is a dire need for regional and international co-operation to extend hands to prevent further spreading of COVID-19. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2638 How to cite this:Ahmad T, Haroon, Baig M, Hui J. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic and Economic Impact. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(COVID19-S4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2638 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals Mitigating demand risk of durable goods in online retailing

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhijeet Ghadge ◽  
Sujoy Bag ◽  
Mohit Goswami ◽  
Manoj Kumar Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Opportunity Cost ◽  
Durable Goods ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Uncertain Demand ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Online Retailing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Customer Dissatisfaction ◽  
Inventory Holding

PurposeAn uncertain product demand in online retailing leads to loss of opportunity cost and customer dissatisfaction due to instances of product unavailability. On the other hand, when e-retailers store excessive inventory of durable goods to fulfill uncertain demand, it results in significant inventory holding and obsolescence cost. In view of such overstocking/understocking situations, this study attempts to mitigate online demand risk by exploring novel e-retailing approaches considering the trade-offs between opportunity cost/customer dissatisfaction and inventory holding/obsolescence cost.Design/methodology/approachFour e-retailing approaches are introduced to mitigate uncertain demand and minimize the economic losses to e-retailer. Using three months of purchased history data of online consumers for durable goods, four proposed approaches are tested by developing product attribute based algorithm to calculate the economic loss to the e-retailer.FindingsMixed e-retailing method of selling unavailable products from collaborative e-retail partner and alternative product's suggestion from own e-retailing method is found to be best for mitigating uncertain demand as well as limiting customer dissatisfaction.Research limitations/implicationsLimited numbers of risk factor have been considered in this study. In the future, others risk factors like fraudulent order of high demand products, long delivery time window risk, damage and return risk of popular products can be incorporated and handled to reduce the economic loss.Practical implicationsThe analysis can minimize the economic losses to an e-retailer and also can maximize the profit of collaborative e-retailing partner.Originality/valueThe study proposes a retailer to retailer collaboration approach without sharing the forecasted products' demand information.

The Impact of the Cruise Industry on a Region's Economy: A Case Study of Port Canaveral, Florida

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley M. Braun ◽  
James A. Xander ◽  
Kenneth R. White
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Significant Component ◽  
Cruise Industry ◽  
Us Economy ◽  
The Us ◽  
Cruise Line ◽  
The Impact

The cruise industry has become a significant component of the US economy, and Port Canaveral has become the second largest cruise port in the country. This study focuses on the special considerations that must be taken into account in measuring the direct spending of the cruise industry, and uses a regional input–output model to estimate the total economic impact. The impacts are based on survey data for the following three groups: cruise line spending; cruise passenger spending; and ships' crew spending.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document