scholarly journals Evaluation of the tyrosine and dopamine serum level in experimental infected BALB/c mice with chronic toxoplasmosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Mirzaeipour ◽  
Fattaneh Mikaeili ◽  
Qasem Asgari ◽  
Mohammad Nohtani ◽  
Sajad Rashidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Level ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
Dopamine Level ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Modified Agglutination Test ◽  
Polymerase Chain

AbstractBackgroundToxoplasma parasite alters the transduction of neurotransmitter signals and leads to changes in the level of brain neurotransmitters including tyrosine and dopamine, so, behavior changes can occur in infected hosts. Based on this concept, this study was conducted for evaluation of the tyrosine and dopamine serum level in infected mice with chronic toxoplasmosis.Materials and methodsToxoplasma gondii (Prugniaud strain II) was injected intra-peritoneal into BALB/c mice to induce chronic toxoplasmosis. Modified agglutination test (MAT), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and microscopic methods were conducted to confirm the induction of chronic toxoplasmosis. The infected mice sera were separated at days 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80 for evaluation of tyrosine and dopamine serum level using High-performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).ResultsMicroscopic methods confirmed the formation of the Toxoplasma cysts in mice tissues. Inducing chronic toxoplasmosis is also confirmed by MAT, PCR and histological methods. HPLC results indicated a decrease in serum tyrosine level at days 40 in infected mice in comparison to control and the levels were too low to be measured at other times. However, a significantly high serum dopamine level was observed that gradually increased after parasite inoculation.ConclusionsNo detection of tyrosine level in most of the sample groups is probably related to the very low concentration of tyrosine in sera. However, low concentration of tyrosine at days 40 and increase of dopamine in most of the sample groups suggests the production of dopamine from tyrosine due to the presence of Toxoplasma in infected mice.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Tyrosine and Dopamine Serum Levels in Experimental Infected BALB/c Mice with Chronic Toxoplasmosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mehdi Mirzaeipour ◽  
Fattaneh Mikaeili ◽  
Qasem Asgari ◽  
Mohammad Nohtani ◽  
Sajad Rashidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
Dopamine Level ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Modified Agglutination Test ◽  
Mouse Tissues ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Background. Toxoplasma parasite alters the transduction of neurotransmitter signals and leads to changes in the level of brain neurotransmitters including tyrosine and dopamine, so behavior changes can occur in infected hosts. Based on this concept, this study was conducted for evaluation of the tyrosine and dopamine serum levels in infected mice with chronic toxoplasmosis. Materials and Methods. Toxoplasma gondii (Prugniaud strain II) was injected intraperitoneally into BALB/c mice to induce chronic toxoplasmosis. Modified agglutination test (MAT), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and microscopic methods were conducted to confirm the induction of chronic toxoplasmosis. The infected mouse sera were separated at days 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80 for evaluation of tyrosine and dopamine serum levels using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results. Microscopic methods confirmed the formation of the Toxoplasma cysts in mouse tissues. Inducing chronic toxoplasmosis is also confirmed by MAT, PCR, and histological methods. HPLC results indicated a decrease in serum tyrosine level at day 40 in infected mice in comparison to control, and the levels were too low to be measured at other times. However, a significantly high serum dopamine level was observed that gradually increased after parasite inoculation. Conclusions. No detection of tyrosine level in most of the sample groups is probably related to the very low concentration of tyrosine in sera. However, low concentration of tyrosine at day 40 and increase of dopamine in most of the sample groups suggest the production of dopamine from tyrosine due to the presence of Toxoplasma in infected mice.

scholarly journals Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in a free-ranging giant anteater

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thais Oliveira Morgado ◽  
Francielle Cristina Kagueyama ◽  
Janaina Marcela Assunção Rosa ◽  
Melissa Debesa Belizário ◽  
Richard de Campos Pacheco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Zoonotic Infection ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Positive Serology ◽  
Modified Agglutination Test ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT: Toxoplasmosis is caused by Toxoplasma gondii, an obligatory intracellular protozoan, which establishes acute and chronic infections in birds and mammals, including humans. This note reports, for the first time, the detection and sequencing of DNA from T. gondii in the peripheral blood of a young free range giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla). For the diagnosis, the following methods were used: polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and positive serology (1:800) by means of the modified agglutination test (MAT). Since this species may be consumed by humans and predated by wild felids, its importance is emphasized as a probable source of zoonotic infection, in addition to its possible participation in the infection enzootic cycle. Although, parasitemia has been confirmed in this specimen, it presented no clinical sign of infection.

High performance Nanogold™-in situ hybridzation and its use in the detection of hybridized and PCR-amplified microscopical preparations

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 896-897
Author(s):  
G. W. Hacker ◽  
I. Zehbe ◽  
J. Hainfeld ◽  
A.-H. Graf ◽  
C. Hauser-Kronberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Direct Methods ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Protein Encoding ◽  
Polymerase Chain

In situ hybridization (ISH) with biotin-labeled probes is increasingly used in histology, histopathology and molecular biology, to detect genetic nucleic acid sequences of interest, such as viruses, genetic alterations and peptide-/protein-encoding messenger RNA (mRNA). In situ polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (PCR in situ hybridization = PISH) and the new in situ self-sustained sequence replication-based amplification (3SR) method even allow the detection of single copies of DNA or RNA in cytological and histological material. However, there is a number of considerable problems with the in situ PCR methods available today: False positives due to mis-priming of DNA breakdown products contained in several types of cells causing non-specific incorporation of label in direct methods, and re-diffusion artefacts of amplicons into previously negative cells have been observed. To avoid these problems, super-sensitive ISH procedures can be used, and it is well known that the sensitivity and outcome of these methods partially depend on the detection system used.

scholarly journals Serum lnc34a is a potential prediction biomarker for bone metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma patients

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Zhang ◽  
Hao Niu ◽  
Ping Yang ◽  
Jie Ma ◽  
Bao-Ying Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Bone Metastasis ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Node Metastasis ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Background Early screening and intervention therapies are crucial to improve the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with bone metastasis. We aimed to identify serum lncRNA as a prediction biomarker in HCC bone metastasis. Methods The expression levels of lnc34a in serum samples from 157 HCC patients were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis were performed to determine statistically significant variables. Results Expression levels of lnc34a in serum from HCC patients with bone metastasis were significantly higher than those without bone metastasis. The high expressions of lnc34a, vascular invasion and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage were associated with bone metastasis by analysis. Moreover, lnc34a expression was specifically associated with bone metastasis rather than lung or lymph node metastasis in HCC. Conclusions High serum lnc34a expression was a independent risk factor for developing bone metastasis in HCC.

scholarly journals Genetic polymorphism of thiopurine S-methyltransferase in Argentina

2003 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 388-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Laróvere ◽  
R. Dodelson de Kremer ◽  
L. H. J. Lambooy ◽  
R. A. De Abreu
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Genetic Polymorphism ◽  
Latin American ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Normal Activity ◽  
Tpmt Activity ◽  
Allele Frequency Distribution ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Background: Thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) catalyses the S-methylation of 6-thiopurine drugs, which are commonly used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, leukaemia and organ transplantation. TPMT activity is polymorphic as a result of gene mutations. Ethnic variations in phenotype and genotype have been identified in previous population studies, but no information was available within Latin-American populations. Aim: To establish the genetic polymorphism of TPMT in an Argentine population. Methods: TPMT enzymatic activity of 147 healthy Argentine subjects was measured using a high-performance liquid chromatography method. The genotyping assay for nine defective alleles (TPMT*2 - *8) was based on restriction fragment length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction and allele-specific polymerase chain reaction methods. Results: All subjects had detectable TPMT activity. Twelve individuals with low to intermediate activity were heterozygous for one of the mutant alleles: nine were TPMT*1/*3A, two TPMT*1/*2 and one TPMT*1/*4. All examined subjects with normal activity had wild-type genotype (TPMT*1/*1). Conclusion: Variant TPMT alleles were present in 8·2% of the examined subjects, which is in accordance with other studies. The frequency of TPMT*3A, TPMT*2 and TPMT*4 was 3·1%, 0·7% and 0·3%, respectively. TPMT*3A was the most prevalent allele, which is in accordance with results from Caucasian populations. This study provides the first analysis of TPMT activity and allele frequency distribution in Argentina, South America.

8-Hydroxylation and Glucuronidation of Mirtazapine in Japanese Psychiatric Patients: Significance of the Glucuronidation Pathway of 8-Hydroxy-Mirtazapine

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (05) ◽  
pp. 237-244
Author(s):  
Masataka Shinozaki ◽  
Jason Pierce ◽  
Yuki Hayashi ◽  
Takashi Watanabe ◽  
Taro Sasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Steady State Concentration ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
State Concentration

Abstract Introduction  To investigate the metabolism of mirtazapine (MIR) in Japanese psychiatric patients, we determined the plasma levels of MIR, N-desmethylmirtazapine (DMIR), 8-hydroxy-mirtazapine (8-OH-MIR), mirtazapine glucuronide (MIR-G), and 8-hydroxy-mirtazapine glucuronide (8-OH-MIR-G). Methods  Seventy-nine Japanese psychiatric patients were treated with MIR for 1–8 weeks to achieve a steady-state concentration. Plasma levels of MIR, DMIR, and 8-OH-MIR were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. Plasma concentrations of MIR-G and 8-OH-MIR-G were determined by total MIR and total 8-OH-MIR (i. e., concentrations after hydrolysis) minus unconjugated MIR and unconjugated 8-OH-MIR, respectively. Polymerase chain reaction was used to determine CYP2D6 genotypes. Results  Plasma levels of 8-OH-MIR were lower than those of MIR and DMIR (median 1.42 nmol/L vs. 92.71 nmol/L and 44.96 nmol/L, respectively). The plasma levels (median) of MIR-G and 8-OH-MIR-G were 75.00 nmol/L and 111.60 nmol/L, giving MIR-G/MIR and 8-OH-MIR-G/8-OH-MIR ratios of 0.92 and 59.50, respectively. Multiple regression analysis revealed that smoking was correlated with the plasma MIR concentration (dose- and body weight–corrected, p=0.040) and that age (years) was significantly correlated with the plasma DMIR concentration (dose- and body weight–corrected, p=0.018). The steady-state plasma concentrations of MIR and its metabolites were unaffected by the number of CYP2D6*5 and CYP2D6*10 alleles. Discussion  The plasma concentration of 8-OH-MIR was as low as 1.42 nmol/L, whereas 8-OH-MIR-G had an approximate 59.50 times higher concentration than 8-OH-MIR, suggesting a significant role for hydroxylation of MIR and its glucuronidation in the Japanese population.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document