scholarly journals Preprints in motion: tracking changes between posting and journal publication

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica K Polka ◽  
Gautam Dey ◽  
Máté Pálfy ◽  
Federico Nanni ◽  
Liam Brierley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
General Public ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Motion Tracking ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Journal Publication ◽  
Pandemic Response ◽  
Main Message ◽  
First Time ◽  
Discrete Change

AbstractAmidst the COVID-19 pandemic, preprints in the biomedical sciences are being posted and accessed at unprecedented rates, drawing widespread attention from the general public, press and policymakers for the first time. This phenomenon has sharpened longstanding questions about the reliability of information shared prior to journal peer review. Does the information shared in preprints typically withstand the scrutiny of peer review, or are conclusions likely to change in the version of record? We assessed preprints that had been posted and subsequently published in a journal between 1st January and 30th April 2020, representing the initial phase of the pandemic response. We utilised a combination of automatic and manual annotations to quantify how an article changed between the preprinted and published version. We found that the total number of figure panels and tables changed little between preprint and published articles. Moreover, the conclusions of 6% of non-COVID-19-related and 15% of COVID-19-related abstracts undergo a discrete change by the time of publication, but the majority of these changes do not reverse the main message of the paper.

scholarly journals ISMB 2003 Bio-ontologies SIG and Sixth Annual Bio-ontologies Meeting Report

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 663-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip Lord ◽  
Robert Stevens
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Interest Group ◽  
Text Analysis ◽  
Special Interest ◽  
Text Processing ◽  
Global Politics ◽  
Meeting Report ◽  
The Many ◽  
First Time

The Annual Bio-Ontologies meeting (http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/˜stevens/meeting03/) has now been running for 6 consecutive years, as a special interest group (SIG) of the much larger ISMB conference. It met in Brisbane, Australia, this summer, the first time it was held outside North America or Europe. The bio-ontologies meeting is 1 day long and normally has around 100 attendees. This year there were many fewer, no doubt a result of the distance, global politics and SARS. The meeting consisted of a series of 30 min talks with no formal peer review or publication. Talks ranged in style from fairly formal and complete pieces of work, through works in progress, to the very informal and discursive. Each year's meeting has a theme and this year it was ‘ontologies, and text processing’. There is a tendency for those submitting talks to ignore the theme completely, but this year's theme obviously struck a chord, as half the programme was about ontologies and text analysis (http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/˜stevensr/meeting03/programme.html). Despite the smaller size of the meeting, the programme was particularly strong this year, meaning that the tension between allowing time for the many excellent talks, discussion and questions from the floor was particular keenly felt. A happy problem to have!

scholarly journals What do women know about breast density? A public screening program perspective

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique Robertson ◽  
Ellie C Darcey ◽  
Evenda K Dench ◽  
Louise Keogh ◽  
Kirsty McLean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Density ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Mammographic Screening ◽  
Descriptive Data ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Dense Breasts ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Main Message ◽  
First Time

AbstractBackgroundThis study assesses knowledge of breast density, one of breast cancer’s strongest risk factors, in women attending a public mammographic screening program in Western Australia that routinely notifies women if they have dense breasts.MethodsSurvey data was collected from women who were notified they have dense breasts and women who had not (controls). Descriptive data analysis was used to summarize responses.ResultsOf the 6183 women surveyed, over 85% of notified women knew that breast density makes it difficult to see cancer on a mammogram (53.9% in controls). A quarter of notified women knew that having dense breasts puts women at increased risk for breast cancer (13.2% in controls). Overall, 50.1% of notified women indicated that they thought the amount of information provided was “just right” and 24.9% thought it was “too little”, particularly women notified for the first time (32.1%).ConclusionThe main message of reduced sensitivity of mammography in women with dense breasts provided by the screening program appears to be getting though. However, women are largely unaware that increased breast density is associated with increased risk. Women notified of having dense breasts for the first time could potentially benefit from additional information.

scholarly journals Tornadoes in Europe: An Underestimated Threat

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 713-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Antonescu ◽  
David M. Schultz ◽  
Alois Holzer ◽  
Pieter Groenemeijer
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
The United States ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Tornado Warnings ◽  
Emergency Managers ◽  
European Database ◽  
The Social ◽  
Forecasting And Warning ◽  
First Time

Abstract The social and economic impact of tornadoes in Europe is analyzed using tornado reports from the European Severe Weather Database between 1950 and 2015. Despite what is often assumed by the general public and even by meteorologists and researchers, tornadoes do occur in Europe and they are associated with injuries, fatalities, and damages, although their reported frequencies and intensities are lower compared with the United States. Currently, the threat of tornadoes to Europe is underestimated. Few European meteorological services have developed and maintained tornado databases and even fewer have issued tornado warnings. This article summarizes our current understanding of the tornado threat to Europe by showing the changes in tornado injuries and fatalities since the 1950s and by estimating for the first time the damages associated with European tornadoes. To increase awareness of tornadoes and their threat to Europe, we propose a strategy that includes 1) collaboration between meteorological services, researchers, and the general public toward a pan-European database; 2) development of national forecasting and warning systems and of pan-European convective outlooks; and 3) development by decision-makers and emergency managers of policies and strategies that include tornadoes.

scholarly journals Kinetics of Biotic and Abiotic CO Production during the Initial Phase of Biowaste Composting

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 5451
Author(s):  
Sylwia Stegenta-Dąbrowska ◽  
Karolina Sobieraj ◽  
Jacek A. Koziel ◽  
Jerzy Bieniek ◽  
Andrzej Białowiec
Keyword(s):  
Initial Phase ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
K Value ◽  
Thermochemical Process ◽  
Full Study ◽  
Order Kinetic Model ◽  
First Time ◽  
Kinetics Of

Knowledge of kinetic parameters of CO production during biowaste composting is significantly important for the prediction of its course and estimation of total gas quantity. This allows increasing the control of the process, to minimize its negative impact on the environment and to protect the occupational safety of employees exposed to CO in the biowaste composting plant. For the first time, a full study of the influence of temperature and biowaste sterilization on the kinetics of CO production is presented. The lab-scale experiments used a mixture of green waste, dairy cattle manure, and sawdust in two variants: sterilized and non-sterilized samples. The process was carried out in controlled temperature reactors with measuring the concentrations of CO, O2, and CO2 every 12 h.CO production and k value increased with temperature. However, higher CO production was observed in biotic conditions between 10~50 °C, suggesting the biotic CO formation and 1st-order kinetics. The abiotic (thermochemical) process was more efficiently generating CO above 50 °C, described with a 0-order kinetic model. Additionally, the rate constant (k) value of CO production under biotic conditions was increasing up to a temperature of 60 °C, above which a slight decrease in CO production rate was observed at 70 °C. The presented results are the basis for further studies focused on the feasibility of (1) the mitigation and (2) valorization of CO production during the biowaste biostabilization are warranted.

scholarly journals Diversity and conservation status of lichens and allied fungi in the Greater Toronto Area: results from four years of the Ontario BioBlitz

2019 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
pp. 394-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Troy McMullin ◽  
Katherine Drotos ◽  
David Ireland ◽  
Hanna Dorval
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
North American ◽  
General Public ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Biological Surveys ◽  
Greater Toronto Area ◽  
Lichen Diversity ◽  
First Time

Bioblitzes are typically 24-hour biological surveys of a defined region carried out by taxonomic specialists, citizen scientists, and the general public. The largest in Canada is the Ontario BioBlitz, an annual event held in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA). Between 2013 and 2016, we examined the feasibility of including lichens and allied fungi in the Ontario BioBlitz. These taxa are often overlooked, understudied, and taxonomically difficult. We completed a bioblitz in each of the four major watersheds in the GTA and recorded 138 species in 72 genera which, combined with all previous collections, totals 180 species in 88 genera in the area. Thirteen of the species we collected are provincially ranked as S1 (critically imperilled), S2 (imperilled), or S3 (vulnerable). We collected Lecanora carpinea for the first time in Ontario. Our results provide a baseline list of GTA lichens that can be used for monitoring. This is one of the first detailed lichen surveys of a major North American urban area and it demonstrates that rapid bioblitz surveys are proficient in capturing lichen diversity despite their inconspicuous nature and the advanced microscopy and chemical analyses required for their identification. 

scholarly journals search.bioPreprint: a discovery tool for cutting edge, preprint biomedical research articles

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie L. Iwema ◽  
John LaDue ◽  
Angela Zack ◽  
Ansuman Chattopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Journal Publication ◽  
Publication Delay ◽  
New Information ◽  
One Stop ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Timely Dissemination

The time it takes for a completed manuscript to be published traditionally can be extremely lengthy. Article publication delay, which occurs in part due to constraints associated with peer review, can prevent the timely dissemination of critical and actionable data associated with new information on rare diseases or developing health concerns such as Zika virus. Preprint servers are open access online repositories housing preprint research articles that enable authors (1) to make their research immediately and freely available and (2) to receive commentary and peer review prior to journal submission. There is a growing movement of preprint advocates aiming to change the current journal publication and peer review system, proposing that preprints catalyze biomedical discovery, support career advancement, and improve scientific communication. While the number of articles submitted to and hosted by preprint servers are gradually increasing, there has been no simple way to identify biomedical research published in a preprint format, as they are not typically indexed and are only discoverable by directly searching the specific preprint server websites. To address this issue, we created a search engine that quickly compiles preprints from disparate host repositories and provides a one-stop search solution. Additionally, we developed a web application that bolsters the discovery of preprints by enabling each and every word or phrase appearing to with articles from preprint servers. This tool, search.bioPreprint, is publicly available at http://www.hsls.pitt.edu/resources/preprint.

scholarly journals Launching eLife, Part 2

eLife ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy Schekman ◽  
Fiona Watt ◽  
Detlef Weigel
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Digital Format

With a commitment to open access and innovation in peer review, eLife aims to publish important results in the life and biomedical sciences in a flexible digital format that allows authors to present their work in full, including the key data on which the conclusions are based.

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