scholarly journals Sex differences in the mortality rate for coronavirus disease 2019 compared to other causes of death

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Geldsetzer ◽  
Trasias Mukama ◽  
Nadine K Jawad ◽  
Tim Riffe ◽  
Angela Rogers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Causal Pathways ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Men are more likely than women to die due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This paper sets out to examine whether the magnitude of the sex differences in the COVID-19 mortality rate are unusual when compared to other common causes of death. In doing so, we aim to provide evidence as to whether the causal pathways for the sex differences in the mortality rate of COVID-19 likely differ from those for other causes of death. We found that sex differences in the age-standardized COVID-19 mortality rate were substantially larger than for the age-standardized all-cause mortality rate and most other common causes of death. These differences were especially large in the oldest age groups.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis and HIV mortality in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
E. B. Tsybikovа ◽  
I. M. Son ◽  
A. V. Vlаdimirov
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Age ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Statistical Monitoring ◽  
Hiv Mortality ◽  
Leading Position

The objective: to study changes in the structure of mortality from tuberculosis and HIV infection in Russia from 2000 to 2017.Subjects and methods. The data of the Federal State Statistics Service on the mortality of the Russian population from tuberculosis and HIV infection (standardized ratio per 100,000 population) for 2000-2017 were studied. Data on the structure of patients with TB/HIV co-infection were obtained from Form no. 61 of the federal statistical monitoring for 2017.Results. In Russia, there has been a steady decrease in the mortality rate from tuberculosis, the value of which in 2017 reached 5.9 per 100,000 people. At the same time, the average values of the mortality rate from tuberculosis have shifted towards the older age groups reaching maximum values in the age group of 45 years and older. On the contrary, the analysis of mortality from HIV infection (2006-2017) detected its unprecedented increase from 1.6 to 12.6 per 100,000 population. The maximum concentration of mortality from HIV infection was observed in young age groups (35-44 years old). The increase in mortality from HIV infection was accompanied by a change in the structure of mortality from infectious diseases: the proportion of tuberculosis decreased from 79.1% (2000) to 27.4% (2017), and the proportion of HIV infection increased from 0.1% ( 2000) to 57.2% (2017). Currently, in Russia, mortality from HIV infection in young age groups has taken a leading position in the structure of causes of death from infectious diseases, displacing mortality from tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Perinatal Mortality and Morbidity at Dr. Pirngadi Hospital Medan 1985-1986

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
Guslihan D. Tjipta ◽  
Dachrul Aldy ◽  
Noersida Raid ◽  
Baren Ratur Sembiring
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Perinatal Mortality ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Education ◽  
Hospital Quality ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
The Subject

A retrospective study was conducted on babies born during January 1985 to December 1986 at Dr. Pirngadi Hospital Medan. The aim of this study was to evaluate perinatal mortality and morbidity, and various possible factors related to the subject matter.The main results can be summarized as follows : There were 7102 deliveries during the study period consisting of 999 babies weighing less than 2500 gram and 6103 with body weight of 2500 gram or more. Perinatal mortality rate was 563.56 o/oo in the first group and 78.49 o/oo in the second while the avera/ mortality rate was 146.72 o/oo.Rate of perinatal demise was high in babies born from mothers in the age groups of below 20 and above 35 years, namely 681 .82 o/oo and 202.19 o/oo. It was also high among primiparae (165.67 o/oo) and more so among grandmultiparae (246.46 o/oo).There were 1966 (30.49%) ill newborn babies with asphyxia neonatorum accounting for 44.91%, infection 30.42% and respiratory problems 9.21% of the main causes of illness, while respiratory problems (40.05%) and injection (28.68%) constituted the main causes of death .We concluded that the rate of perinatal mortality and morbidity is still high at this hospital. Quality of prenatal and neonatal care with extensive public health education is necessary to be enhanced for the reduction of perinatal mortality and morbidity.

scholarly journals Characteristics of mortality in the Orenburg region population in 2011-2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-104
Author(s):  
Evgenii L. Borschuk ◽  
Dmitrii N. Begun ◽  
Tatyana V. Begun
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Orenburg Region ◽  
The Third ◽  
Circulatory System Diseases ◽  
External Causes

Objectives - to study the mortality indicators, their dynamics and structure, in the population of the Orenburg region in the period of 2011-2017. Material and methods. The study was conducted using the data from the territorial authority of statistics in the Orenburg region in the period from 2011 to 2017. The analytical, demographic and statistical methods were implemented for the study of the demographic indicators. Results. Cities and municipal settlements of the Orenburg region with high mortality indicators were included in the second and fourth clusters during the cluster analysis. The first and third clusters included cities and municipal settlements with an average mortality. The most favorable position has the Orenburg area with the lowest mortality rate in the region in 2017 - 8.4%. The dynamics of mortality rates among the male and female population tends to decrease, more pronounced dynamics is in men. Though, the male population is characterized by higher mortality rates in all age groups. The leading position among the causes of death is taken by diseases of the circulatory system (46.3% of the total mortality). The second position is occupied by tumors (17.2%), the third - by external causes (8.4%). Mortality from circulatory system diseases and from external causes has reduced. The dynamics of mortality from tumors does not change significantly. The rank of leading causes of death is not identical in the clusters: in the third and fourth clusters, the other causes occupy the second place in the structure of mortality, while tumors occupy the third. Conclusion. In the Orenburg region, the mortality rate is higher than overage in the Russian Federation by 0.9 per 1000 people. The study revealed significant territorial differences in the mortality rates. In general, the mortality among men in all age groups is higher than the mortality of women. The mortality rate from diseases of the circulatory system plays the leading role in the structure of mortality, but has the tendency for decline. Until 2006, the mortality from external causes ranked the second place, now the second place is taken by death from tumors The mortality from external causes is decreasing; mortality from tumors does not change significantly. The obtained results could be used by local authorities in developing the program of public health protection and assessing its effectiveness.

scholarly journals Total knee arthroplasty reduces the risk of mortality in osteoarthritis patients up to 12 years: A Korean national cohort longitudinal follow-up study

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 230949902090258
Author(s):  
Hyo Geun Choi ◽  
Bong Cheol Kwon ◽  
Joong Il Kim ◽  
Joon Kyu Lee
Keyword(s):  
Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Circulatory Disease ◽  
Total Knee

Introduction: Mortality rates and causes of death after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are of great interest to surgeons. However, there is a shortage of studies regarding those of the Asian population. The aim of this study was to compare the mortality rate and causes of death in patients after TKA to the general population. Methods: National sample cohort data from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service were used. In this study, 1:4 matched patients after TKA (TKA group: 5072) and general participants (control group: 20,288) were selected as subjects. Their average follow-up duration was 57.2 months ranging from a year up to 12 years. The matches were processed for age, gender, income, region of residence, and past medical history. Mortality rates and causes of death were compared between groups. Regarding the mortality rates, we also performed subgroup analyses according to age. Results: Adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of the TKA group for mortality rate was less than 1 with significance (adjusted HR = 0.61 (95% confidence interval = 0.54–0.70, p < 0.001)). The ratios were less than 1 for both age groups (<70 and ≥70 years), respectively; however, for patients under 70, they were insignificant. Among the 11 major causes of death, the circulatory disease showed the most significantly reduced mortality rate for the TKA group compared to the control group. The neoplasm was the only other cause with a significantly reduced mortality rate for the TKA group. Conclusion: The mortality rate in the TKA group was significantly lower than in the control group up to 12 years after the surgery in Korea. Among the major causes of death, circulatory disease and neoplasm showed a significant reduction in the mortality rate of the TKA group compared with the control group.

scholarly journals Trends and seasonality in cause-specific mortality among children under 15 years in Guangzhou, China, 2008-2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Han Xu ◽  
Hang Dong ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Wen-Hui Liu ◽  
Guo-Zhen Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Risk Of Death

Abstract Background: This study analyzed the trends and seasonality in mortality among children aged 0-14 years in Guangzhou, China during 2008-2018. Understanding the epidemiology of this public health problem can guide policy development for children mortality prevention.Methods: A population-based epidemiological retrospective study was conducted. 7,265 individual data of children mortality were obtained from the Guangzhou Centre for Disease Control and Prevention. The Poisson regression was used to quantify the annual average reduction rate and the difference in mortality rate between gender and age groups. Incidence ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to determine the ratio of the observed number of deaths to the expected deaths (i.e. the average assuming no variations) by month, season, school term, weeks and holidays deaths.Results: Between 2008 and 2018, the children mortality rate in Guangzhou decreased from 54.0 to 34.3 per 100,000 children, with an annual reduction rate of 4.6% (95%CI: 1.1%-8.1%), especially the under-5 mortality rate decreased by 8.3% (95%CI: 4.8%-11.6%) per year. The decline trend varied by causes of death, even with an upward trend for the mortality of asphyxia and neurological diseases. The risk of death among male children was 1.78 times (95%CI: 1.61-1.98) that of females. The distribution of causes of death differed by age groups. Maternal and perinatal, congenital and pneumonia were the top three causes of death in infants and cancer accounted for 17% of deaths in children aged 1-14 years. Moreover, the injury-related mortality showed significant temporal variations with higher risk during the weekend. And there was a summer peak for drowning and a winter peak for asphyxia. Conclusions: Guangzhou has made considerable progress in reducing mortality over the last decade. The findings of characteristics of children mortality would provide important information for the development and implementation of integrated interventions targeted specific age groups and causes of death.

Causes of Mortality Among Patients Admitted in a Tertiary Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Hassan Soleimanpour ◽  
Neda Gilani ◽  
Shima Shekari ◽  
Javad Morsali ◽  
Kavous Shahsavarinia
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
North West ◽  
Clinical Hospital ◽  
The North ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Causes Of Mortality ◽  
Important Center

Introduction: The analysis of causes of death in the hospital and identification and dealing with the causes of death, in one of the best strategies to increase longevity. This study, with the aim of better understanding of the causes of death and by taking into account all hospital wards, describes the causes of hospital mortality occurred in Sina educational and clinical hospital of Tabriz, in order to investigate demographic ,clinical and cause of death variables for each disease separately. Method: This study is done by the sectional descriptive method in 2018 in Sina educational and clinical hospital of Tabriz. This hospital is the most important center for admissions of poisoning and burns in the North West of Iran. For this purpose, after obtaining a license, records of all patients who are admitted to hospital since 21 March 2018 until 19 March 2019, were extracted from the archives center in an elective and emergency form. Demographic and clinical variables were extracted from records and recorded in the questionnaire. The sample in counting the mortality occurred during one year was 626 cases according to documentations, that 88 cases were eliminated from study due to containing incomplete information. The data were analyzed by descriptive tests and SPSS18. Findings: The mortality rate in this study was 1%. 56.5% of those who died were male. Most deaths occurred among patients of over 75 years old. Among the under-15 age group the highest mortality rate were for burns. The most common causes of mortality, were, respectively, burns (19.33%), cancer (16.86%), and infectious disease (16.57%) .Most deaths occurred in the special wards. In 61%, chronic and underlying diseases are reported. Conclusion: Since this hospital is the largest and most important teaching hospitals for burns, in the province, the most common causes of death in this study are result of burns. The high percentage of deaths from burns in children and young people shows the importance of informing the dangers of burn for preventing the occurrence of burns and control its effects.

scholarly journals Trends and seasonality in cause-specific mortality among children under 15 years in Guangzhou, China, 2008-2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Han Xu ◽  
Hang Dong ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Wen-Hui Liu ◽  
Guo-Zhen Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Risk Of Death

Abstract Background: This study analyzed the trends and seasonality in mortality among children aged 0-14 years in Guangzhou, China during 2008-2018. Understanding the epidemiology of this public health problem can guide policy development for children mortality prevention. Methods: A population-based epidemiological retrospective study was conducted. 7,265 individual data of children mortality were obtained from the Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The Poisson regression was used to quantify the annual average reduction rate and the difference in mortality rate between sex and age groups. Incidence ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI) was estimated to determine the temperaol variations in mortality by month, season, school term, day of the week and between holidays and other days. Results: Between 2008 and 2018, the children mortality rate in Guangzhou decreased from 54.0 to 34.3 per 100,000 children, with an annual reduction rate of 4.6% (95% CI: 1.1%-8.1%), especially the under-5 mortality rate decreased by 8.3% (95% CI: 4.8%-11.6%) per year. Decline trends varied by causes of death, even with an upward trend for the mortality of asphyxia and neurological diseases. The risk of death among males children was 1.33 times (95% CI: 1.20-1.47) of that of females. The distribution of causes of death differed by age group. Maternal and perinatal, congenital and pneumonia were the top three causes of death in infants and cancer accounted for 17% of deaths in children aged 1-14 years. Moreover, the injury-related mortality showed significant temporal variations with higher risk during the weekend. And there was a summer peak for drowning and a winter peak for asphyxia. Conclusions: Guangzhou has made considerable progress in reducing mortality over the last decade. The findings of characteristics of children mortality would provide important information for the development and implementation of integrated interventions targeted specific age groups and causes of death.

scholarly journals Natural hazard fatalities in Switzerland from 1946 to 2015

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Badoux ◽  
Norina Andres ◽  
Frank Techel ◽  
Christoph Hegg
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Fatal Accidents ◽  
Female Victims ◽  
The Past ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Male To Female

Abstract. A database of fatalities caused by natural hazard processes in Switzerland was compiled for the period between 1946 and 2015. Using information from the Swiss flood and landslide database and the Swiss destructive avalanche database, the data set was extended back in time and more hazard processes were added by conducting an in-depth search of newspaper reports. The new database now covers all natural hazards common in Switzerland categorized into seven process types: flood, landslide, rockfall, lightning, windstorm, avalanche, and other processes (e.g. ice avalanches, earthquakes). Included were all fatal accidents associated with natural hazard processes where victims did not expose themselves to an important danger on purpose or wilfully. The database contains information on 635 natural hazard events causing 1023 fatalities, which corresponds to a mean of 14.6 victims per year. The most common causes of death were snow avalanche (37 %), followed by lightning (16 %), flood (12 %), windstorm (10 %), rockfall (8 %), landslide (7 %) and other processes (9 %). About 50 % of all victims died in one of the 507 single-fatality events; the other half of victims were killed in the 128 multi-fatality events. The number of natural hazard fatalities that occurred annually during our 70-year study period ranged from two to 112 and exhibited a distinct decrease over time. While the number of victims during the first three decades (until 1975) ranged from 191 to 269 per decade, it ranged from 47 to 109 in the four following decades. This overall decrease was mainly driven by a considerable decline in the number of avalanche and lightning fatalities. About 75 % of victims were males in all natural hazard events considered together, and this ratio was roughly maintained in all individual process categories except landslides (lower) and other processes (higher). The ratio of male to female victims was most likely to be balanced when deaths occurred at home (in or near a building), a situation that mainly occurred in association with landslides and avalanches. The average age of victims of natural hazards was 35.9 years, and accordingly, the age groups with the largest number of victims were the 20–29 and 30–39 year-old groups, which in combination represented 34% of all fatalities. It appears that the natural hazard fatality rate in Switzerland during the past 70 years has been relatively low in comparison to rates in other countries or rates of other types of fatal accidents in Switzerland.

The Association of Psoriatic Arthritis with All-Cause Mortality and Leading Causes of Death in Psoriatic Arthritis

2021 ◽  
pp. jrheum.210159
Author(s):  
Amir Haddad ◽  
Walid Saliba ◽  
Idit Lavi ◽  
Amin Batheesh ◽  
Samir Kasem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psoriatic Arthritis ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
General Population ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Health Database ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Regression

Objective To examine the association between PsA and all-cause mortality from a populationbased large database. Methods PsA Patients from the Clalit Health database were identified between 2003-2018 and matched to 4 controls by age, sex, ethnicity and index date. Patient's Demographics, comorbidities and treatments were extracted. Mortality data was obtained from the Notification of Death form. The proportionate mortality rate (PMR) of the leading causes of death was calculated and compared to the general population. Cox-proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate the crude and the multivariate adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for the association between PsA and all-cause mortality and for factors associated with mortality within the PsA group. Results 5275 PsA patients and 21,011 controls were included and followed for 7.2±4.4 years. The mean age was 51.7±15.4 years, and 53% were females. 38.2% of PsA patients were on biologics. 471(8.9%) patients died in the PsA group compared to 1,668(7.9%) in the control group. The crude HR for the association of PsA and allcause mortality was 1.16 (95%CI 1.042-1.29) and 1.02 (95%CI 0.90-1.15) on multivariate analysis. Malignancy was the leading cause of death (26%), followed by ischemic heart disease (15.8%) in keeping with the order in the general population. Older age, male sex, lower socioeconomic status, increased body mass index, Charlson comorbidity index scores and history psoriasis or hospitalization during 1- year prior to entry were positive predictors for mortality. Conclusion No clinically relevant increase in mortality rate was observed in PsA patients, specific PMRs were similar to the general population.

scholarly journals Center-peripheral differences in life expectancy in Russia: a regional analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 63-83
Author(s):  
Alexey Shchur ◽  
Sergey Timonin
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Spatial Inequality ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Regions Of Russia

Elevated mortality (compared with the West) and significant spatial differences in life expectancy are serious challenges facing Russia. The goals of improving Russians' health and increasing their life expectancy by reducing inequality in mortality between regions and settlements are closely intertwined with the goals of spatial development of Russia, aimed at reducing interregional differences in the quality of life. This paper presents an assessment of the scope and dynamics of changes in mortality differences between the ‘center’ and the ‘periphery’ in 67 regions of Russia, which are home to three-quarters of the country's population. The selected research period - 2003-2018 - is characterized by a steady increase in life expectancy at birth (LE) in Russia. Using unpublished data from Rosstat for cities, we estimated life expectancy at birth in 67 regional centers and in the rest of the regions (‘periphery’). Depending on the magnitude of the differences in LE and the dynamics, we identified 6 types of regions. For those regions with a LE gap between center and periphery larger than the average, the decomposition method was applied, which made it possible to determine the key age groups and causes of death responsible for such high differences. In 36 regions of Russia classified as types I-III, the center-peripheral gap exceeded the average Russian level, while only in six regions in 2003-18 was there a tendency towards a reduction in the size of this gap. The decomposition results showed that elevated mortality of males in the periphery is due to a higher mortality rate at working age from external causes of death, especially from traffic accidents, homicides and suicides, as well as from ‘alcoholic’ causes of death; females in the periphery suffer from higher mortality rate at older ages from chronic non-communicable diseases. Despite the seemingly ‘objective’ nature of the mortality differences between the center and the periphery (the advantage of the former being due to the socio-demographic characteristics of its residents and the educational structure of the population, as well as to selective migration), the positive experience of other countries shows that effective public health policies can substantially reduce the degree of spatial inequality in mortality even if significant heterogeneity in the level of socio-economic development remains.

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