scholarly journals Prevalence and Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Childcare Facilities: A Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luise Haag ◽  
Judith Blankenburg ◽  
Manja Unrath ◽  
Johanna Grabietz ◽  
Elisabeth Kahre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Secondary Case ◽  
Viral Shedding ◽  
Care Givers ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Childcare Workers ◽  
Epidemiological Information

Objectives Previous data indicate that children might play a less crucial role in SARS-CoV-2 transmission than initially assumed. We conducted a study to gain further knowledge on prevalence, transmission and spread of SARS-CoV-2 among preschool children, their parents and caretakers. Study design Children, their parents and care givers in 14 childcare facilities in Dresden, Saxony/ Germany were invited to participate in the KiTaCoviDD19-study between July 2020 and January 2021. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was assessed up to 4 times during the study period in all participating adults and personal characteristics as well as epidemiological information of personal SARS-CoV-2 history were obtained. Stool viral shedding of SARS-CoV-2 was analyzed every 2-4 weeks in all participating children. Results 318 children, 299 parents and 233 childcare workers were enrolled. By January 2021 11% of the participating adults were detected seropositive, whereas the rate of SARS-CoV-2 positive children was 6.8%. Overall, we detected 17 children with SARS-Cov-2 viral shedding in 8 different childcare facilities. In 4 institutions there occurred a maximum of three connected cases in children. About 50% of SARS-CoV-2 infections in children could not be connected to a secondary case within our study population. Conclusion This study could not provide evidence for a relevant asymptomatic (silent) spread of SARS-CoV-2 in childcare facilities, neither in a low nor a high prevalence setting. This finding adds to the evidence that childcare and educational settings do not play a crucial role in driving the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Predictors of Overweight and Obesity among Somalis in Norway and Somaliland: A Comparative Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soheir H. Ahmed ◽  
Haakon E. Meyer ◽  
Marte K. Kjøllesdal ◽  
Ahmed A. Madar
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Somali Immigrants ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Study Population ◽  
High Bmi

Background and Aim. The knowledge about the health status of Somalis in Norway and Somaliland is limited. This paper reports the results of a comparative study on the prevalence and predictors of overweight/obesity among Somalis in Norway and Somaliland. Method. We conducted two cross-sectional studies using the same tools and procedures, between 2015 and 2016. The study population was adults aged 20–69 years (n=1110 (Somaliland) and n=220 (Norway)). Results. The prevalence of obesity (body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2) was 44% and 31% in women in Norway and Somaliland, respectively. In contrast, the prevalence of obesity was low in men (9% in Norway; 6% in Somaliland). Although the prevalence of high BMI was higher in Somali women in Norway than women in Somaliland, both groups had the same prevalence of central obesity (waist circumference (WC) ≥ 88 cm). In men, the prevalence of central obesity (WC ≥ 102 cm) was lower in Somaliland than in Norway. For women in Somaliland, high BMI was associated with lower educational level and being married. Conclusion. The prevalence of overweight and obesity is high among Somali immigrants in Norway, but also among women in Somaliland. The high prevalence of overweight and obesity, particularly among women, calls for long-term prevention strategies.

scholarly journals Comparison of Temporomandibular Disorders in Iranian Dental and Nondental Students

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farideh Bahrani ◽  
Parnian Ghadiri ◽  
Mahroo Vojdani
Keyword(s):  
Temporomandibular Disorders ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Functional Evaluation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Total Study Population ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Study Population

ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this study was to define the prevalence and severity of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) among Iranian dental and nondental students who attended Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Materials and methods The samples consisted of 200 subjects, 100 dental and 100 nondental students (equal distribution between males and females). Subjects ages ranged from 18 to 30 years (24.07 ± 2.93). A functional evaluation was performed using the Helkimo dysfunction index (Di). Data were evaluated by the Chi-square test. Results Among the total study population, 71% showed some degree of dysfunction. Prevalence ratio in dental students was 80%, while in nondental students was 62% (p < 0.05, odds ratio = 0.679). With respect to gender, women (80%) were more affected than men (62%). A significant relationship was found between gender and the occurrence of TMD (p < 0.05). Conclusion A high prevalence of signs of TMD in Iranian university students was seen which was greater in dental students and women. Clinical significance The results of this study showed that the prevalence of TMD among dental students and women was significantly higher than nondental students and men. These findings might be due to poor postural style or emotional stress during dental practice. How to cite this article Bahrani F, Ghadiri P, Vojdani M. Comparison of Temporomandibular Disorders in Iranian Dental and Nondental Students. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(2): 173-177.

scholarly journals Pattern of Hypertension in Fayoum Governorate

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Eman M. Ezzat ◽  
Maher A. Al Amir ◽  
Abdelrahman A. Ewais
Keyword(s):  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Fayoum Governorate

Background: Hypertension is a preventable cause of premature death worldwide. Data from the Egyptian National Hypertension Project (NHP) revealed that hypertension is a significant problem among Egyptians. We studied the prevalence of hypertension, related risk factors and its complications in Fayoum governorate. Patients and Methods: This study included 2800 Egyptian participants aged 18 to 60 years old from Fayoum governorate selected randomly from different places in Fayoum governorate. Blood pressure was measured for them. Re-measurement for those with BP measurements ≥ 140/90 was done with a further assessment. Known hypertensive patients were thoroughly evaluated by clinical examination and laboratory investigations. Results: Our survey revealed that the prevalence rate of hypertension in Fayoum governorate was 28.4% (19.3% were aware and 9.1% were first diagnosed and unaware of their hypertension), 11% of the study population were pre-hypertensives. Poorly controlled hypertensive patients were 59.9%. Of all hypertensive patients, 63.4% of them were females, 87.9% of them were overweight and obese, while 26.3% of them had diabetes mellitus. Also, 41% of known hypertensive patients had complications. Conclusion and Recommendations: There is a high prevalence rate of hypertension in Fayoum governorate. More knowledge is required to reveal the reasons behind this high prevalence in addition to the low levels of control and awareness of hypertension, to put the appropriate strategy to improve the rate of control, awareness, and quality of life of hypertensive patients in Egypt.

scholarly journals TOWARDS ELIMINATING DISCRIMINATORY EMPLOYMENT PRACTICES IN NIGERIAN ORGANISATIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-86
Author(s):  
Dumebi Anthony IDEH ◽  
Okwy Peter OKPALA ◽  
Christopher Odogwu CHIDI
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
National Development ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Training And Development ◽  
Employment Practices ◽  
Employment Decisions ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Recruitment And Selection ◽  
Work Arrangement

Equality and non-discriminatory employment practices are rooted in the principle that all employment decisions should be based on individuals’ ability to do a job, regardless of their personal characteristics that are not related to the requirements for job performance. Thus, this study highlights some of the discriminatory employment practices prevalent in Nigerian workplaces. The study is based on review and analysis of both primary and secondary data. The results revealed different forms of discriminatory employment practices among Nigerian organisations. It noted that, discriminations occur in Nigerian workplaces during restructuring and retrenchment, in managing compensation and promotion, training and development, maternity protection, recruitment and selection, use of agency work arrangement and in the design of work environment. The study concludes that there is high prevalence of discriminatory employment practices in Nigerian organisations. It is therefore, recommended that, in line with international best practices, Nigerian organisations/employers cum the Ministry of Labour and Employment should ensure that discriminatory employment practices are reduced to the barest minimum if not completely eliminated in Nigerian workplaces if sustainable organisational performance and national development are to be achieved.

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Early Breastfeeding Jaundice: How Can Gynecologists and Nurses be Effective in Reducing It?

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soheila Siroosbakht ◽  
Ali Reza Aminian ◽  
Bijan Rezakhaniha
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Neonatal Jaundice ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breastfeeding Education ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Rh Incompatibility ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Neonatal Problems

Background: Neonatal jaundice is one of the most common neonatal problems. About 60% of term and 80% of preterm neonates have jaundice. Objectives: Due to the high prevalence of early neonatal jaundice, which can lead to mothers’ concerns and even hospitalization of neonates, we decided to study the frequency and risk factors of breast feeding jaundice to determine the role of gynecologists and nurses in the development of this type of jaundice. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive study. The sampling method was by convenience. Study populations included one hundred terms, exclusively breastfed neonates aged equal or less than seven days with jaundice who were admitted in Golestan and Khanevadeh hospitals Tehran, Iran from July 2019 to January 2020. Results: The percentage of causes of jaundice in the study population was 65% non-breastfeeding jaundice (29 male, 36 female), including 36% blood group incompatibility, 19% Rh incompatibility and 10% G6PD deficiency. The amount of breast feeding jaundice was 35% (18 male, 17 female). The most significant factors in breastfeeding jaundice were: use of water or sugar water, depressed nipple, mother’s unwillingness to breastfeed; inappropriate breastfeeding technique, and birth weight < 2500 g. Conclusions: The high prevalence of breastfeeding jaundice indicates that policies of breastfeeding education need to be revised. Breastfeeding education before delivery, attention of gynecologists to breast problems of mothers during pregnancy, professional coordination of nurses and physicians for effective breastfeeding training, and early mothers’ revisit after the initial discharge of neonates can reduce the frequency of breastfeeding jaundice and readmission of neonates.

Preliminary screening for orthorexia nervosa in undergraduate student population of north India using ORTO-15 questionnaire

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-83
Author(s):  
Mohita Singh ◽  
Jyoti Sethi ◽  
Meenakshi Garg ◽  
Parul Singh ◽  
Utkarsh Sethi
Keyword(s):  
Indian Population ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Orthorexia Nervosa ◽  
North India ◽  
Preliminary Screening ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Young Students

Orthorexia is a term used for “obsession for healthy and proper nutrition”. ON is a recently identified disorder and prevalence studies are mainly limited to Eurasian and Scandanavian countries. There is a paucity of literature currently available for Asian population and more specifically for the Indian population. Therefore, the present study was designed to estimate the prevalence of Orthorexia Nervosa in Indian population. To estimate the prevalence of ON in young North Indian population and to highlight its characteristics. The study population consisted of 448 young students (males=173, females=275). The ORTO-15 questionnaire developed by Donini et al. was used to determine the prevalence. Subjects who scored below 40 were classified as having ON. : Mean score of the participants in the ORTO-15 was using a 40 point threshold. A total of three fourth of the young students in the study group exhibited orthorexic tendency. High prevalence of ON in young students necessitates that Orthorexia Nervosa trends in general population be assessed in Indian subcontinent for better understanding of eating disorders and its interplay with socio-cultural diversities.

The Interaction between Physical Illness and Neurotic Morbidity in the Community

1981 ◽  
Vol 139 (4) ◽  
pp. 328-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Vazquez Barquero ◽  
P. E. Muñoz ◽  
V. Madoz Jaúregui
Keyword(s):  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Physical Illness ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sociological Factors ◽  
The North ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
North Of Spain

SummaryAs part of an epidemiological survey of a rural community in the North of Spain we analysed the interaction between physical illness and neurotic morbidity using a two-phase cross-sectional analysis of a representative sample of the population over 15 years old. There was a very high prevalence of neurosis in the somatically ill (males—15.6 per cent, females—33.1 per cent) and much physical pathology in the group of neurotics (males—42.4 per cent, females—39 per cent). The personal characteristics of the sample, as well as some sociological factors like rural-urban way of life, educational level and social class, appear to influence the relationship between both types of illness. The neurotic morbidity of the somatic group comprised depressive, anxiety and hypochondriac types.

scholarly journals A study of red blood cell alloimmunization and autoimmunization among 200 multitransfused Egyptian β thalassemia patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal El-Beshlawy ◽  
Alshymaa Ahmed Salama ◽  
Mohamed Roshdy El-Masry ◽  
Noha M. El Husseiny ◽  
Asmaa M. Abdelhameed
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Antibody Formation ◽  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Transfusion Therapy ◽  
Antibody Screening ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Reduce Risk ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Transfusion Complications

AbstractThe development of hemolytic erythrocyte alloantibodies and autoantibodies complicates transfusion therapy in thalassemia patients. These antibodies ultimately increase the need for blood and intensify transfusion complications. There is a scanty data on the frequency of RBC alloimmunization and autoimmunization in Egyptian β thalassemia patients as pretransfusion antibody screening is not routinely performed. We studied the frequency of alloimmunization and autoimmunization among 200 multiply transfused β thalassemia patients and investigated the factors that possibly affect antibody formation. Of the 200 patients in our study, 94 were males and 106 females, with the age range of 2–37 years. Alloantibodies were detected in 36 (18%) of the patients, while autoantibodies were detected in 33 (16.5%). The dominant alloantibodies were directed against Kell (33%) and Rh (24.4%) groups. Alloimmunization had a significant relationship with treatment duration and the frequency of transfusion (P = 0.007, 0.001, respectively). The presence of autoantibodies was significantly related to age (P = 0.001), total number of transfused units (P = 0.000) and splenectomy (P = 0.000). The high prevalence of alloimmunization in the study population disclosed the need for providing phenotypically matched cells for selective antigens especially for Kell and Rh subgroups to reduce risk of alloimmunization and increase the efficiency of blood transfusion.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk of Polypharmacy among Community-Dwelling, Elderly Kuwaiti Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabil Ahmed Badawy ◽  
Shokria Adely Labeeb ◽  
Mawaheb Falah Alsamdan ◽  
Badria Faleh Alazemi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Study Population

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of polypharmacy in community-dwelling, older Kuwaiti patients, describe the number and types of drugs used, and identify risk factors associated with polypharmacy. Subjects and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey in which we interviewed 500 community-dwelling Kuwaiti adults over 65 years of age. The data collection occurred during a 4-month period from March to July 2017. Results: Fifty-two percent (n = 260) of the patients were males, with a mean age of 71.73 ± 5.32 years. The prevalence of polypharmacy (5–8 drugs) and excessive polypharmacy (>8 drugs) was 58.4% (n = 292) and 10.2% (n = 51), respectively. The risk factors associated with an increased number of medicines used were: female gender (p = 0.019), a lower level of education (p = 0.003), a high number of hospital admissions (p = 0.000), clinics visited by the patient (p =0.000), and number of comorbidities (p = 0.000). The most commonly used medications (82.6% of the study population) were blood glucose-lowering agents, excluding insulin. Other commonly used medications were antihypertensive drugs and lipid-modifying agents. Conclusion: A significant sector of the older Kuwaiti patient population has a high prevalence of polypharmacy and is thus exposed to its potential hazards. The current study highlights the need to revise the drug-dispensing policy among community-dwelling, older Kuwaiti people, as well as to initiate educational programs among healthcare practitioners concerning prescribing issues in older individuals.

scholarly journals Diet assessment in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil): Development of a food frequency questionnaire

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria del Carmen Bisi Molina ◽  
Carolina Perim de Faria ◽  
Letícia de Oliveira Cardoso ◽  
Michele Drehmer ◽  
Jorge Gustavo Velasquez-Meléndez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Dietary Analysis ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Diet Assessment

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this article is to present the development of the Food Frequency Questionaire used in the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health-Brazil and analyze how diet exposes individuals to cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes Mellitus. METHODS: The Longitudinal Study of Adult Health-Brazil dietary assessment instrument is based on a previously validated Food Frequency Questionaire and the final list of items took into consideration a study done in the six Longitudinal Study of Adult Health-Brazil investigation centers. RESULTS: New foods/preparations were included in the Food Frequency Questionaire with their respective portions, totaling 114 items. The perspectives of dietary analysis and cardiovascular diseases and diabetes are presented in Longitudinal Study of Adult Health-Brazil. CONCLUSION: A new instrument was developed to cover the regional particularities of the study population.

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