Risk Factors of Early Breastfeeding Jaundice: How Can Gynecologists and Nurses be Effective in Reducing It?

Background: Neonatal jaundice is one of the most common neonatal problems. About 60% of term and 80% of preterm neonates have jaundice. Objectives: Due to the high prevalence of early neonatal jaundice, which can lead to mothers’ concerns and even hospitalization of neonates, we decided to study the frequency and risk factors of breast feeding jaundice to determine the role of gynecologists and nurses in the development of this type of jaundice. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive study. The sampling method was by convenience. Study populations included one hundred terms, exclusively breastfed neonates aged equal or less than seven days with jaundice who were admitted in Golestan and Khanevadeh hospitals Tehran, Iran from July 2019 to January 2020. Results: The percentage of causes of jaundice in the study population was 65% non-breastfeeding jaundice (29 male, 36 female), including 36% blood group incompatibility, 19% Rh incompatibility and 10% G6PD deficiency. The amount of breast feeding jaundice was 35% (18 male, 17 female). The most significant factors in breastfeeding jaundice were: use of water or sugar water, depressed nipple, mother’s unwillingness to breastfeed; inappropriate breastfeeding technique, and birth weight < 2500 g. Conclusions: The high prevalence of breastfeeding jaundice indicates that policies of breastfeeding education need to be revised. Breastfeeding education before delivery, attention of gynecologists to breast problems of mothers during pregnancy, professional coordination of nurses and physicians for effective breastfeeding training, and early mothers’ revisit after the initial discharge of neonates can reduce the frequency of breastfeeding jaundice and readmission of neonates.

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Causes of Neonatal Jaundice Requiring Exchange Transfusion

Journal of Comprehensive Pediatrics ◽

10.5812/compreped.109539 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol In Press (In Press) ◽

Author(s):

Hassan Boskabadi ◽

Gholamali Maamouri ◽

Maryam Abbasi ◽

Elahe Heidari

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Exchange Transfusion ◽

Neonatal Jaundice ◽

Serum Bilirubin Level ◽

Preterm Neonates ◽

Total Serum ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Abo Incompatibility ◽

Blood Exchange ◽

Rh Incompatibility

Background: Neonatal jaundice is highly prevalent in Asia and has serious complications, such as kernicterus. Therefore, it is very important to identify the risk factors of jaundice requiring exchange transfusion since it can be helpful in the prevention of the disease and early diagnosis of its complications. Objectives: The present study aimed to identify the causes of neonatal jaundice requiring blood exchange. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was performed on 251 term and preterm neonates. The studied newborns were 2-14 days old (born at ≥ 35 weeks of gestation) with jaundice and bilirubin of more than 17 mg/dL and received exchange transfusion during 2011 - 2020 in Ghaem teaching hospital, Mashhad, Iran. The required data of the study variables, such as hyperbilirubinemia risk factors, laboratory tests, the documented history of the mothers and neonates, and physical examination results, were collected through a questionnaire and the medical records of the patients. Finally, the collected data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 20). Results: Based on the results, the mean value of the total serum bilirubin level in neonates who received exchange transfusion was 27.53 ± 10.05 mg/dL. The blood types of about 40% of mothers and their neonates were O and A/B, respectively. Moreover, 11.4% of mothers were Rh-negative; however, their neonates were Rh-positive. The results also revealed that the causes of exchange transfusion were unknown, ABO incompatibility, Rh incompatibility, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDD), and sepsis in 52.7 %, 24%, 7.1%, 5.3%, and 5.3% of the neonates, respectively. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that after unknown causes, the most common causes of exchange transfusion were ABO incompatibility, Rh incompatibility, G6PDD, and sepsis. Therefore, since most of these causes can be recognized, it is recommended to perform related tests and take related measures in the Midwifery Department of the hospital to prevent the occurrence and exacerbation of jaundice. Moreover, it is recommended to perform an early follow-up after the discharge.

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Prevalence and Risk of Polypharmacy among Community-Dwelling, Elderly Kuwaiti Patients

Medical Principles and Practice ◽

10.1159/000503298 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 166-173 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nabil Ahmed Badawy ◽

Shokria Adely Labeeb ◽

Mawaheb Falah Alsamdan ◽

Badria Faleh Alazemi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Hospital Admissions ◽

Antihypertensive Drugs ◽

Female Gender ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Older Individuals ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Study Population

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of polypharmacy in community-dwelling, older Kuwaiti patients, describe the number and types of drugs used, and identify risk factors associated with polypharmacy. Subjects and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey in which we interviewed 500 community-dwelling Kuwaiti adults over 65 years of age. The data collection occurred during a 4-month period from March to July 2017. Results: Fifty-two percent (n = 260) of the patients were males, with a mean age of 71.73 ± 5.32 years. The prevalence of polypharmacy (5–8 drugs) and excessive polypharmacy (>8 drugs) was 58.4% (n = 292) and 10.2% (n = 51), respectively. The risk factors associated with an increased number of medicines used were: female gender (p = 0.019), a lower level of education (p = 0.003), a high number of hospital admissions (p = 0.000), clinics visited by the patient (p =0.000), and number of comorbidities (p = 0.000). The most commonly used medications (82.6% of the study population) were blood glucose-lowering agents, excluding insulin. Other commonly used medications were antihypertensive drugs and lipid-modifying agents. Conclusion: A significant sector of the older Kuwaiti patient population has a high prevalence of polypharmacy and is thus exposed to its potential hazards. The current study highlights the need to revise the drug-dispensing policy among community-dwelling, older Kuwaiti people, as well as to initiate educational programs among healthcare practitioners concerning prescribing issues in older individuals.

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Risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus in rural population of Karad, Maharashtra, India: an observational study

International Journal of Advances in Medicine ◽

10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20194223 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (5) ◽

pp. 1584

Author(s):

Vaibhav Agrawal ◽

Ashok Kshirsagar ◽

Virendra Patil

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Rural Population ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Sedentary Lifestyle ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Present Cross Sectional Study ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Study Population

Background: Non-communicable diseases like DM2, cardiac diseases, chronic respiratory disorders, brain disorders like stroke have created a havoc in developing countries, especially India which harbors 2nd largest population in the world. The present study was planned in this area to capture the data regarding epidemiology, risk factors of DM2, and use this information to plan health program to formulate effective preventive measures, including raising general awareness about the disease in that geographical area.Methods: The present cross sectional study was carried out in population of Karad area of Satara district in Maharashtra state. The study duration was of 1 year, from 1st February 2018 to 1st February 2019.Results: Out of total 1100 study population in the present study, 99 (9%) were diagnosed as diabetics (DM2) while 1001 were normal/non-diabetics. Majority of the diabetic patients were of the age group 41 to 50 years. Females (47%) showed slightly more prevalence of diabetes as compared to males (53%). Majority of the diabetic patients were having sedentary lifestyle, which consisted of 69 patients (70%), which was statistically significant, as compared to non-diabetic group.Conclusion: Thus, findings of the present study amply clarifies that DM2 is on longer a disease of urban population. Its prevalence is increasing in rural population, as well. Lack of awareness, sedentary lifestyle, faulty dietary habits, etc. are some of the reasons for such high prevalence.

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Prevalence of Risk Factors Among Women With Osteoporosis

Serbian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research ◽

10.1515/sjecr-2016-0080 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 239-243

Author(s):

Dalibor Stajic ◽

Sandra Zivanovic ◽

Ana Miric ◽

Marija Sekulic ◽

Nela Djonovic

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Bone Fractures ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

T Score ◽

Current State ◽

High Prevalence ◽

History Of ◽

Study Population

Abstract Osteoporosis is a progressive bone disorder that can be influenced by many different factors. A cross-sectional study has been conducted with the aim to assess the prevalence of risk factors as well as to identify the possible causes of improvement of the disease. Th e study population consisted of 97 women older than 35 who had previously been diagnosed with osteoporosis. Dualenergy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) scan was used to determine bone mineral density (BMD) in order to assess the current state of the disease. Th e participants were asked to complete a standardized IOF (International Osteoporosis Foundation) questionnaire. According to BMD measurements, 24.7% of women had normal bone density while 18.6% had T-score lower than -2.5. Th ere was a statistically significant correlation between T-score and the history of previous bone fractures. Besides, a relatively high prevalence of certain risk factors (such as underweight, early menopause, oophorectomy, thyroid and parathyroid disorders etc.) was observed in woman with osteoporosis

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Risk Factors Associated with Neonatal Jaundice: A Cross-Sectional Study from Iran

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2018.319 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (8) ◽

pp. 1387-1393 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sayed Yousef Mojtahedi ◽

Anahita Izadi ◽

Golnar Seirafi ◽

Leila Khedmat ◽

Reza Tavakolizadeh

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Neonatal Jaundice ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Predisposing Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Significant Relationships ◽

Study Population

BACKGROUND: Neonatal jaundice is one of the main causes of the patient's admission in the neonatal period and is potentially linked to morbidity.AIM: This study aimed to determine the possible risk factors for neonatal jaundice.METHODS: We investigated the case of infants who were admitted to the neonatal department of Ziyaeian hospital and Imam Khomeini Hospital for jaundice. Simple random sampling was used to evaluate variables related to maternal and neonatal predisposing factors based on the medical records and clinical profiles. All variables in this study were analysed using SPSS software.RESULTS: In this study, about 200 mothers and neonates were examined. Our findings depicted that mother's WBC, Hb, PLT, and gestational age were associated with jaundice (P < 0.05). Furthermore, there were significant relationships between different degrees of bilirubin with TSH, T4 levels and G6PD (P < 0.05). In fact, TSH, T4 levels and G6PD were found to be linked to neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. The risk factors for jaundice in our study population comprise some predisposing factors such as WBC, Hb, PLT, gestational age, TSH, and T4 levels, as well as G6PD. Neonates at risk of jaundice are linked to some maternal and neonatal factors that can provide necessary interventions to reduce the burden of the disease. Therefore, identification of associated factors can facilitate early diagnosis, and reduce subsequent complications.CONCLUSION: Neonatal jaundice should be considered as the main policy in all health care settings of the country. Therefore, identification of factors affecting the incidence of jaundice can be effective in preventing susceptible predisposing factors in newborns and high-risk mothers.

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Neonatal Jaundice Risk Factors at a District Hospital in Rwanda

Rwanda Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences ◽

10.4314/rjmhs.v3i2.10 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 204-213

Author(s):

Claudine Murekatete ◽

Claudine Muteteli ◽

Richard Nsengiyumva ◽

Geldine Chironda

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Neonatal Jaundice ◽

District Hospital ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Tailored Interventions ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

Structured Questionnaire

Background Neonatal jaundice is one of the most common reasons for hospital admission in the neonatal unit, and it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Objective To assess risk factors associated with neonatal jaundice among newborns at a District Hospital in Rwanda. Methods A quantitative approach has been used with a retrospective cross-sectional design. Two hundred and ten files were used as sample size. Stratified proportional sampling was used for the years 2016-2018 to select files. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used for the data analysis. Results The study findings showed that nearly half (44.3%) of 210 newborns were diagnosed with neonatal jaundice. The majority (87.2%) was term, and male gender (60.5%). Nearly a third (29.5%) were Low Birth Weight. Significant risk factors for neonatal jaundice were birth weight (p=0.015), gestational age of the newborn (p=0.002), neonatal gender (p=0.004), method of delivery (p=.000), blood group incompatibility (p=0.001); infections (p =0.000), cesarean section (p= 0.000) and prematurity (p=0.017). Conclusion There was a high prevalence of neonatal jaundice. Neonatal jaundice risk factors were predominantly demographic, maternal and neonatal. Hence there is need to formulate tailored interventions that mitigate neonatal jaundice. Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2020;3(2):204-213.

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Prevalence and associated risk factors of refractive errors among medical students in Western Odisha: a cross-sectional study

International Journal of Scientific Reports ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20204032 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (10) ◽

pp. 405

Author(s):

Sushree Priyadarsini Satapathy ◽

Bharati Panda ◽

Sadhu Charan Panda

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Medical Students ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Refractive Errors ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Study Population ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Background: prevalence of refractive errors among medical students pursing higher studies is very high. Very little data about the prevalence of refractive errors among medical students in western Odisha is available. So, this Present study was undertaken with an objective were to estimate the prevalence of refractive errors among medical students of VIMSAR, Burla, Western Odisha, India and to study the association between various risk factors with the prevalence of refractive errors.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduates i.e. (from 1st year to final year) students of VIMSAR, Burla for a period of 2 months i.e. February to March 2020 with sample size of 200. A pre-designed, semi-structured questionnaire was prepared and distributed to students. To assess refractive errors among study population auto refractometer was used.Results: The overall prevalence of refractive errors in our study was 65%. Most common type of refractive error was Myopia i.e. 113 (86.92%) among the medical students followed by Astigmatism (10.77%) and Hypermetropia (2.31%) respectively. It was observed in our present study that the prevalence of refractive errors was highly associated within crease in study duration, use of electronic gadgets such as smartphones and computers and with the presence of family history this group difference was found to be significantly associated with chi-square=9.4183, 78.9173, 114.235 and 56.1899 respectively with P<0.05.Conclusion: High prevalence of refractive errors was found among medical students of VIMSAR, Burla which emphasis on the need for routine ophthalmological evaluation and their proper assessment and management.

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Multiple behavioural risk factors of non-communicable diseases among adolescents in four Caribbean countries: prevalence and correlates

International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health ◽

10.1515/ijamh-2021-0021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Supa Pengpid ◽

Karl Peltzer

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Parental Support ◽

Fast Food ◽

Vegetable Intake ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Behavioural Risk Factors ◽

Fast Food Consumption ◽

High Prevalence

Abstract Objectives The study assessed the prevalence and associated factors of behavioural risk factors of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among adolescents in four Caribbean countries. Content In all 9,143 adolescents (15 years = median age) participated in the cross-sectional “2016 Dominican Republic, 2016 Suriname, 2017 Jamaica, and 2017 Trinidad and Tobago Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS)”. Eight behavioural risk factors of NCDs were assessed by a self-administered questionnaire. Summary Prevalence of each behavioural NCD risk factor was physical inactivity (84.2%), inadequate fruit and vegetable intake (82.2%), leisure-time sedentary behaviour (49.6%), daily ≥2 soft drinks intake (46.8%), ever drunk (28.6%), twice or more days a week fast food consumption (27.6%), having overweight/obesity (27.4%), and current tobacco use (13.8%). Students had on average 3.6 (SD=1.4), and 79.0% had 3–8 behavioural NCD risk factors. In multivariable linear regression, psychological distress and older age increased the odds, and attending school and parental support decreased the odds of multiple behavioural NCD risk factors. Outlook A high prevalence and co-occurrence of behavioural risk factors of NCDs was discovered and several factors independently contributing to multiple behavioural NCD risk factors were identified.

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Revisiting Konzo Risk Factors in Three Areas Differently Affected by Spastic Paraparesis in Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo Discloses a Prominent Role of the Nutritional Status—A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13082628 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 2628

Author(s):

Marius Baguma ◽

Espoir Bwenge Malembaka ◽

Esto Bahizire ◽

Germain Zabaday Mudumbi ◽

Dieudonné Bahati Shamamba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Democratic Republic ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cyanide Poisoning ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Republic Of The Congo

This comparative cross-sectional study aimed to better understand the respective contributions of protein malnutrition and cassava-derived cyanide poisoning in the development of konzo. We compared data on nutritional status and cyanide exposure of school-age adolescent konzo-diseased patients to those of non-konzo subjects of similar age from three areas in the Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Our results show that konzo patients had a high prevalence of both wasting (54.5%) and stunting (72.7%), as well as of cyanide poisoning (81.8%). Controls from Burhinyi and those from Idjwi showed a similar profile with a low prevalence of wasting (3.3% and 6.5%, respectively) and intermediate prevalence of stunting (26.7% and 23.9%, respectively). They both had a high prevalence of cyanide poisoning (50.0% and 63.0%, respectively), similar to konzo-patients. On the other hand, controls from Bukavu showed the lowest prevalence of both risk factors, namely chronic malnutrition (12.1%) and cyanide poisoning (27.6%). In conclusion, cassava-derived cyanide poisoning does not necessarily coexist with konzo outbreaks. The only factor differentiating konzo patients from healthy individuals exposed to cyanide poisoning appeared to be their worse nutritional status. This further suggests that, besides the known role of cyanide poisoning in the pathogenesis of konzo, malnutrition may be a key factor for the disease occurrence.

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Prevalence of comorbidities and evaluation of their screening in spondyloarthritis: results of the international cross-sectional ASAS-COMOSPA study

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-208174 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 75 (6) ◽

pp. 1016-1023 ◽

Cited By ~ 102

Author(s):

Anna Moltó ◽

Adrien Etcheto ◽

Désirée van der Heijde ◽

Robert Landewé ◽

Filip van den Bosch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Gastroduodenal Ulcer ◽

International Study ◽

Daily Practice ◽

Systematic Evaluation ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Unknown Risk ◽

Increased Risk ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Cholesterol Measurement

BackgroundIncreased risk of some comorbidities has been reported in spondyloarthritis (SpA). Recommendations for detection/management of some of these comorbidities have been proposed, and it is known that a gap exists between these and their implementation in practice.ObjectiveTo evaluate (1) the prevalence of comorbidities and risk factors in different countries worldwide, (2) the gap between available recommendations and daily practice for management of these comorbidities and (3) the prevalence of previously unknown risk factors detected as a result of the present initiative.MethodsCross-sectional international study with 22 participating countries (from four continents), including 3984 patients with SpA according to the rheumatologist.Statistical analysisThe prevalence of comorbidities (cardiovascular, infection, cancer, osteoporosis and gastrointestinal) and risk factors; percentage of patients optimally monitored for comorbidities according to available recommendations and percentage of patients for whom a risk factor was detected due to this study.ResultsThe most frequent comorbidities were osteoporosis (13%) and gastroduodenal ulcer (11%). The most frequent risk factors were hypertension (34%), smoking (29%) and hypercholesterolaemia (27%). Substantial intercountry variability was observed for screening of comorbidities (eg, for LDL cholesterol measurement: from 8% (Taiwan) to 98% (Germany)). Systematic evaluation (eg, blood pressure (BP), cholesterol) during this study unveiled previously unknown risk factors (eg, elevated BP (14%)), emphasising the suboptimal monitoring of comorbidities.ConclusionsA high prevalence of comorbidities in SpA has been shown. Rigorous application of systematic evaluation of comorbidities may permit earlier detection, which may ultimately result in an improved outcome of patients with SpA.

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