scholarly journals Integration of embryo-endosperm interaction into a holistic and dynamic picture of seed development using a rice mutant with notched-belly grains

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Tao ◽  
Lu An ◽  
Feng Xiao ◽  
Ganghua Li ◽  
Yanfeng Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Development ◽  
Staging System ◽  
Endosperm Development ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Developmental Transition ◽  
Rice Mutant ◽  
Gene Sets ◽  
Yield Formation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Developmental Staging

ABSTRACTThe interaction between the embryo and endosperm affects seed development, an essential process in yield formation in crops such as rice. Signals that communicate between embryo and endosperm are largely unknown. Here we use the notched-belly (NB) mutant with impaired communication between embryo and endosperm to evaluate 1) the impact of embryo on developmental staging of the endosperm; 2) signaling pathways emanating from the embryo that regulate endosperm development. Hierachical clustering of mRNA datasets from embryo and endosperm samples collected through development in NB and wild type showed a delaying effect of the embryo on the developmental transition of the endosperm by extending the middle stage. K-means clustering further identified coexpression modules of gene sets specific for embryo and endosperm development. Combined gene expression and biochemical analysis showed that T6P-SnRK1, gibberellin and auxin signalling from the embryo regulate endosperm developmental transition. The data enable us to propose a new seed developmental staging system for rice and the most detailed signature of rice grain formation to date, that will direct genetic strategies for rice yield improvement.

scholarly journals SLL1-ZH Regulates Spikelets Architecture and Grain Yield in Rice

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1162
Author(s):  
Lianping Sun ◽  
Jingxin Wang ◽  
Xiaoxia Wen ◽  
Zequn Peng ◽  
Daibo Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Floral Organs ◽  
Rice Mutant ◽  
Organ Identity ◽  
Yield Formation

The spikelet developmental processes that control structure and floral organ identity play critical roles in rice grain yield formation. In this study, we characterized a novel rice mutant, SLL1-ZH, which exhibits a variety of defective agronomic characters, including semi-dwarf, rolling leaf, deformed panicles, and reduced grains production. Morphological analysis also revealed that the SLL1-ZH mutant shows numerous defects of floral organs, such as cracked glumes, hooked and thin lemmas, shrunken but thickened paleas, an indeterminate number of stamens and stigmas, and heterotopic ovaries. Map-based cloning identified a single nucleotide substitution (C to G) in the first exon of LOC_Os09g23200 that is responsible for the SLL1-ZH phenotype. In addition, qPCR analysis showed a significant change in the relative expression of SLL1-ZH in the mutant during inflorescence differentiation and in the different floral organs. Transcription of rice floral organ development-related factors also changed significantly in the mutant. Therefore, our results suggested that SLL1-ZH plays a great role in plant growth, spikelet development, and grain yield in rice.

scholarly journals Inter-relationships between Gender, Frailty and 10-Year Survival in Older Italian Adults: an observational longitudinal study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Graziamaria Corbi ◽  
Francesco Cacciatore ◽  
Klara Komici ◽  
Giuseppe Rengo ◽  
Dino Franco Vitale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cox Model ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Staging System ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Fractional Polynomial ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAim of the present study was to assess the impact of gender on the relationship between long-term mortality and clinical frailty. In an observational, longitudinal study on 10-year mortality, we examined 1284 subjects. The Frailty Staging System was used to assess frailty. The Cox model was employed to assess variables independently associated with survival using a backward stepwise algorithm. To investigate the possible interactions between gender and the selected variables, an extension of the multivariable fractional polynomial algorithm was adopted. Women were more likely to be older, have a higher disability, present with more comorbidities, consume more drugs, be frail and have a higher rate of survival at the follow-up than were men. At the Cox multivariate analysis only age (HR 2.26), female gender (HR 0.43), and number of drugs (HR 1.57) were significant and independent factors associated with all-cause mortality. In the survival analyses, only frailty (vs no frailty) showed significant interaction with gender (p < 0.001, HR = 1.92). While the presence of frailty reduced the survival rate in women, no effect was observed in men. Importantly, frail women showed higher survival rates than did both frail and no frail men. The main finding of the present study is that gender shapes up the association between frailty and long-term survival rates.

scholarly journals A prospective study to evaluate the impact and independency of depth of invasion in comparison with other clinicopathologic prognostic variables in oral cavity malignancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 347
Author(s):  
Subbiah Shanmugam ◽  
Gopu Govindasamy ◽  
X. Gerald Anand Raja
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Node Metastasis ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Staging System ◽  
Lymph Node Involvement ◽  
Stage Migration ◽  
Depth Of Invasion ◽  
Node Metastasis ◽  
Node Involvement ◽  
The Impact

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Depth of invasion is included in the staging of oral cavity malignancies in the recent 8<sup>th</sup> edition of American Joint Committee on Cancer or tumour, node and metastasis staging system. This study analyses the impact of diffuse optical imaging (DOI) on incidence of lymph node involvement, stage migration, postoperative margin and independency.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Postoperative HPE of fifty patients with oral cavity malignancy operated in our institute from January 2018 were collected. Depth of invasion and other pathological parameters were documented. DOI divided into three groups and statistical analysis done.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> No lymph node metastasis is found in superficial tumours, 43% of intermediate thickness and 76% of deep tumours had lymph node involvement. Positive margin is seen only in patients with tumour DOI more than 0.5 cm, more than 50% of deep tumours had close margins while 75% of superficial tumours had adequate margin. Out of the 24 T3 tumours in this study 13 were upstaged due to inclusion of DOI, which would have been T2 according to the previous staging system. There is 54.1% (13 out of 24) upstaging in T3 tumours (T2 to T3), 23% (3 out of 13) in T2 (T1 to T2). There is no significant correlation between DOI and anatomical site, tumour size, tumour thickness, lymphovascular invasion and grade.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Depth of invasion in oral cavity malignancies impacts adversely lymph node metastasis and margin status. It is an independent prognostic factor in oral cavity malignancy.</p>

scholarly journals Efficacy of Modified Vrd-Lite for Transplant Ineligible Multiple Myeloma

Blood ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 136 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 4-4
Author(s):  
Mizuki Ogura ◽  
Tadao Ishida ◽  
Moe Nomura ◽  
Hirofumi Irita ◽  
Junichiro Nashimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Cardiac Amyloidosis ◽  
Staging System ◽  
Treatment Interruption ◽  
Cardiac Complications ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Al Amyloidosis ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND: High dose chemotherapy followed by autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation is an effective treatment for multiple myeloma. However, many patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma are transplant-ineligible because of their age and complications, result in a poorer prognosis than transplant-eligible patients. Furthermore, many of them cannot complete normal chemotherapy because of low tolerability. Here, we investigated the efficacy and safety of modified bortezomib with lenalidomide and dexamethasone (mVRD-lite) for transplant-ineligible patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective observational analysis was performed on patients who received mVRd-lite for the first line chemotherapy between Jan. 2016 and Mar. 2020 in our hospital. Patients who received high dose dexamethasone to reduce tumor burden, and patients who received bortezomib with dexamethasone or lenalidomide with dexamethasone as a reduction regimen of mVRd-lite were also included. We evaluated ORR, OS, PFS and adverse effect. mVRD-lite at first was administered over a 28-day cycle. Bortezomib 1.3 mg/m2 weekly was administered subcutaneously on days 1, 8, 15 and 22. Lenalidomide 15 mg was given orally 18 days, omitted on days 1, 8, 15, which are the days of bortezomib administration. Dexamethasone 20 mg was given orally on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16, 22, which are the day of and day after bortezomib. We also reviewed patients background, especially complication of light-chain amyloidosis and considered the impact of cardiac amyloidosis on patient prognosis. This study was conducted with the permission of the Ethics Review Board in our hospital. RESULTS: The subjects analyzed totaled 40 transplant-ineligible patients. 11(27.5%) patients were AL amyloidosis associated with multiple myeloma and 8(20%) patients had cardiac amyloidosis. Median age at diagnosis was 73 (range 48-86) and Male:Female=1:1. Most of them were judged inadequate to transplantation due to their age, general condition, or complication. One patient was ruled unfit to transplantation, because of his refusion. The Revised International Staging System (R-ISS) were I in 5 (12.5%), II in 25 (62.5%) and III in 8 (20%). 5(25%) patients switched to maintenance therapy. 17(42.5%) patients discontinued treatment, because of adverse effect (cardiac failure 4 ; two of them combined with cardiac amyloidosis, rash 4, peripheral neuropathy 3, infection 3, etc). 2(5%) patients died during treatment by mVRd-lite, because of Grade 4 adverse effect, such as pneumonia. 11(27.5%) patients died during observation period and causes of death were primary disease and TRM. 1(2.5%) patient was died of heart failure associated with cardiac amyloidosis. The overall response rate(ORR) during treatment period of mVRd-lite was obtained in 34(85%), including sCR in 5 (12.5%), VGPR in 13 (32.5%) and PR in 14(30%). 2(5%) patients achieved MRD negative. SD were observed in 3(7.5%) patients. 3(7.5%) patients were not evaluated efficacy because of treatment interruption by adverse effect. Overall survival rate at two year is 64.3%, median OS was not reached, at a median follow-up of 20 months. CONCLUSIONS: Transplant-ineligible multiple myeloma patients are associated with poor prognosis. Modified RVD-lite is one of the appropriate therapeutic options, in the transplant-ineligible multiple myeloma patients. Twenty-five percent of patients with cardiac amyloidosis had treatment discontinued due to cardiac complications. Further study is needed for treatment of patients with multiple myeloma complicated with cardiac amyloidosis. Disclosures Ishida: Janssen: Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Speakers Bureau; Ono pharmaceutical co: Speakers Bureau; Takeda pharmaceutical co: Speakers Bureau. Nashimoto:Janssen: Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Speakers Bureau. Tsukada:Takeda pharmaceutical co: Speakers Bureau. Suzuki:Takeda, Amgen, Janssen and Celgene: Consultancy; Takeda, Celgene, ONO, Amgen, Novartis, Sanofi, Bristol-Myers Squibb, AbbVie and Janssen: Honoraria; Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene and Amgen: Research Funding.

scholarly journals SUN-426 The Impact from AJCC 8Th Edition Staging System on Thyroid Cancer Outcomes by Race And Ethnicity

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Antonio Santamaria-Barria ◽  
Amanda N Graff-Baker ◽  
Shu-Ching Chang ◽  
Adam Khader ◽  
Anthony J Scholer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Staging System ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Pacific Islanders ◽  
Asian Pacific Islanders ◽  
Asian Pacific ◽  
The Impact ◽  
8Th Edition

Abstract Background. Previous studies have demonstrated racial and ethnic outcome disparities among differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients. However, the impact of the 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system (AJCC8) on these disparities is unknown. Methods. DTC patients with sufficient tumor and survival data were identified in the National Cancer Database from 2004-2013. The 7th edition of the staging system (AJCC7) and AJCC8 criteria were compared. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between AJCC7 to AJCC8 staging change and race and ethnicity. Cox-proportional hazards regression was then used to evaluate the association between AJCC7 to AJCC8 staging change and overall survival. Results. Of 33,323 DTC patients, 76.7% were White/Non-Hispanics, 7.6% Blacks, 6.7% Hispanics, 5.4% Asian/Pacific-Islanders, and 3.6% Native-American/Other. Most were female (77%) with papillary DTC (90%). After adjusting for demographic, tumor, and treatment characteristics, Hispanics and Asian/Pacific-Islanders were 27% and 12% less likely to be AJCC7 to AJCC8 downstaged than White/Non-Hispanics (OR=0.73, 95%CI: 0.66-0.81; and OR=0.88, 95%CI: 0.79-0.99, respectively); Blacks had no significant downstaging difference compared to White/Non-Hispanics (OR=0.99, 95% CI: 0.90-1.09, p=0.79). Although AJCC8 was a better survival prognosticator than AJCC7, Cox-proportional hazards regression showed that all AJCC7 to AJCC8 downstaged patients had an increased risk of death compared to patients with unchanged staging, regardless of race and ethnicity: White/Non-Hispanics (HR=2.64, 95%CI: 2.34-2.98), Blacks (HR=1.77, 95%CI: 1.23-2.54), Hispanic (HR=3.27, 95%CI: 2.05-5.22), Asian/Pacific-Islanders (HR=2.31, 95%CI: 1.35-3.98), and Native-American/Other (HR=5.26, 95%CI: 2.10-13.19). However, based on two way interaction, the magnitude of negative change in survival from downstaging was only different between White/Non-Hispanics and Blacks (HR=2.64 vs. HR=1.77, respectively; p=0.04). Conclusions. Racial and ethnic outcome disparities persist with AJCC8. The proportion of downstaged DTC patients with AJCC8 varies by race and ethnicity, with the least impact found in Hispanics and Asian/Pacific-Islanders. Downstaged patients across all racial and ethnic groups had a decreased survival than those with unchanged stage, with the least impact in Blacks. These disparities should be taken into account when counseling patients about their prognosis with the new AJCC8.

scholarly journals Invasive Hemodynamic Assessment and Classification of In-Hospital Mortality Risk Among Patients With Cardiogenic Shock

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine L. Thayer ◽  
Elric Zweck ◽  
Mohyee Ayouty ◽  
A. Reshad Garan ◽  
Jaime Hernandez-Montfort ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Cardiogenic Shock ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Staging System ◽  
Decompensated Heart Failure ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Hemodynamic Assessment ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
The Impact

Background: Risk stratifying patients with cardiogenic shock (CS) is a major unmet need. The recently proposed Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI) stages as an approach to identify patients at risk for in-hospital mortality remains under investigation. We studied the utility of the SCAI stages and further explored the impact of hemodynamic congestion on clinical outcomes. Methods: The CS Working Group registry includes patients with CS from 8 medical centers enrolled between 2016 and 2019. Patients were classified by the maximum SCAI stage (B–E) reached during their hospital stay according to drug and device utilization. In-hospital mortality was evaluated for association with SCAI stages and hemodynamic congestion. Results: Of the 1414 patients with CS, the majority were due to decompensated heart failure (50%) or myocardial infarction (MI; 35%). In-hospital mortality was 31% for the total cohort, but higher among patients with MI (41% versus 26%, MI versus heart failure, P <0.0001). Risk for in-hospital mortality was associated with increasing SCAI stage (odds ratio [95% CI], 3.25 [2.63–4.02]) in both MI and heart failure cohorts. Hemodynamic data was available in 1116 (79%) patients. Elevated biventricular filling pressures were common among patients with CS, and right atrial pressure was associated with increased mortality and higher SCAI Stage. Conclusions: Our findings support an association between the proposed SCAI staging system and in-hospital mortality among patient with heart failure and MI. We further identify that venous congestion is common and identifies patients with CS at high risk for in-hospital mortality. These findings provide may inform future management protocols and clinical studies.

scholarly journals The DYW-subgroup pentatricopeptide repeat protein PPR27 interacts with ZmMORF1 to facilitate mitochondrial RNA editing and seed development in maize

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (18) ◽  
pp. 5495-5505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Liu ◽  
Shi-Kai Cao ◽  
Aqib Sayyed ◽  
Huan-Huan Yang ◽  
Jiao Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Editing ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Plant Mitochondria ◽  
Endosperm Development ◽  
Complex Iii ◽  
Mitochondrial Rna ◽  
Mitochondrial Complex ◽  
Pentatricopeptide Repeat ◽  
Ppr Protein ◽  
Ppr Proteins

Abstract C-to-U RNA editing in plant mitochondria requires the participation of many nucleus-encoded factors, most of which are pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins. There is a large number of PPR proteins and the functions many of them are unknown. Here, we report a mitochondrion-localized DYW-subgroup PPR protein, PPR27, which functions in the editing of multiple mitochondrial transcripts in maize. The ppr27 mutant is completely deficient in C-to-U editing at the ccmFN-1357 and rps3-707 sites, and editing at six other sites is substantially reduced. The lack of editing at ccmFN-1357 causes a deficiency of CcmFN protein. As CcmFN functions in the maturation pathway of cytochrome proteins that are subunits of mitochondrial complex III, its deficiency results in an absence of cytochrome c1 and cytochrome c proteins. Consequently, the assembly of mitochondrial complex III and super-complex I+III2 is decreased, which impairs the electron transport chain and respiration, leading to arrests in embryogenesis and endosperm development in ppr27. In addition, PPR27 was found to physically interact with ZmMORF1, which interacts with ZmMORF8, suggesting that these three proteins may facilitate C-to-U RNA editing via the formation of a complex in maize mitochondria. This RNA editing is essential for complex III assembly and seed development in maize.

CD56 Expression Is an Important Prognostic Factor in Multiple Myeloma Even with Bortezomib Induction

2018 ◽  
Vol 139 (4) ◽  
pp. 228-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matevz Skerget ◽  
Barbara Skopec ◽  
Vesna Zadnik ◽  
Darja Zontar ◽  
Helena Podgornik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Staging System ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Induction Treatment ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Cd56 Expression ◽  
International Staging System ◽  
Elevated Creatinine ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: In this retrospective study, we evaluated the impact of CD56, CD117, and CD28 expression on clinical characteristics and survival in newly diagnosed myeloma patients treated with bortezomib-based induction therapy. Methods: We analyzed 110 myeloma patients. Immunophenotype was determined using panels consisting of CD19/CD38/CD45/CD56/CD138 and CD20, CD28, and CD117 were used additionally. All samples were tested for recurrent chromosomal aberrations. Results: CD56, CD117, and CD28 expression rates were 71, 6, and 68%, respectively. The lack of CD56 expression was associated with light chain myeloma. The lack of CD117 expression was associated with elevated creatinine levels (p = 0.037). We discovered the correlation between CD 28 expression and female gender. The median progression-free survival (PFS) for patients with revised International Staging System stage 2 disease with CD56 expression or the lack of CD56 expression was 20.5 vs. 13.8 months (p = 0.03). In patients undergoing autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT), we found no difference in PFS and overall survival regarding the CD56 expression. We found no impact of CD117 and CD28 expression on PFS in patients regarding aHSCT. Conclusions: Induction treatment incorporating bortezomib diminishes the negative impact of the lack of CD117 expression and aberrancy of CD28 but does not overcome the negative impact of the lack of CD56 expression.

scholarly journals Effects of composition, age and sterilization techniques of mother culture on the growth and yield of Volvariella volvacea (Bull.) Singer

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-393
Author(s):  
Nuhu Alam ◽  
Shailendra Mohon Singha
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Volvariella Volvacea ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
The Impact

The research work was carried out to investigate the efficacy of different mother culture media viz., rice straw (T-1), rice straw and rice bran (T-2), rice husk (T-3), rice grain (T-4), maize grain (T-5), and rice straw and wheat bran (T-6) and the impact of age of mother culture and substrate sterilization techniques viz., sun dried for 8 hrs covering with transparent polythene (A-1), black polythene (A-2), blue polythene (A-3) sheet, autoclave for two hrs at 121°C (A-4), and hot water for one hr (A-5) for the commercial cultivation of Volvariella volvacea (Bull.) Singer. The maximum mycelium run rate and minimum days required for completing the mother culture were recorded in T-4. The lowest days required for primordial initiation (DRFPI) was 6 in T-1 and T-2, whereas highest DRFPI was recorded in T-3. The maximum (13.33) days required for first harvest (DRFFH) and lowest (109) number of effective fruiting bodies (NEFB) were recorded in T-3. The minimum (10.67 days) DRFFH was found in T-2 and maximum (239.30) NEFB was recorded in T-1. The lowest length and diameter (LFB and DFB) were recorded in T-5 (3.03 cm) and T-1 (1.66 cm), while highest LFB and DFB were observed in T-3 (3.20 and 2.39 cm). Maximum biological yield and efficiency were observed in rice straw and wheat bran materials. The highest NEFB, DFB, biological yield and efficiency were recorded in 30 days old of mother culture. The results revealed that combined rice straw and wheat bran were the excellent mother culture medium and 30 days old was the best age for the commercial production of paddy straw mushroom. Considering the experimental results on the sterilization techniques it may be suggested that hot water sterilization of rice straw substrate was the best sterilization technique for the commercial production and yield improvement of V. volvacea.

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