scholarly journals CorCast: A Distributed Architecture for Bayesian Epidemic Nowcasting and its Application to District-Level SARS-CoV-2 Infection Numbers in Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Katharina Hildebrandt ◽  
Konstantin Bob ◽  
David Teschner ◽  
Thomas Kemmer ◽  
Jennifer Leclaire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
District Level ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Local Infection ◽  
Distributed Architecture ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Current Infection

Timely information on current infection numbers during an epidemic is of crucial importance for decision makers in politics, medicine, and businesses. As information about local infection risk can guide public policy as well as individual behavior, such as the wearing of personal protective equipment or voluntary social distancing, statistical models providing such insights should be transparent and reproducible as well as accurate. Fulfilling these requirements is drastically complicated by the large amounts of data generated during exponential growth of infection numbers, and by the complexity of common inference pipelines. Here, we present CorCast -- a stable and scalable distributed architecture for the reproducible estimation of nowcasts suitable for pandemic scenarios -- and its application to the inference of district-level SARS-CoV-2 infection numbers in Germany.

Challenging Adultism: Centering Youth as Educational Decision Makers

2020 ◽  
pp. 004208592095913
Author(s):  
Melanie Bertrand ◽  
Maneka Deanna Brooks ◽  
Ashley D. Domínguez
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Urban Schools ◽  
District Level ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Youth Of Color ◽  
Urban Settings ◽  
Educational Decision ◽  
Critical Reflexivity ◽  
Educational Decision Making

Research indicates that youth, especially those facing injustice, such as youth of Color in urban settings, are essential participants in educational decision-making. However, due to adultism and intersecting forms of oppression, their inclusion is not the norm. Grounded in the concept of adultism and the tradition of storytelling, we address the following question: How can educational researchers and practitioners challenge the adultism that constrains youth’s participation in school- and district-level educational decision-making? We share stories about our experiences in urban schools, considering adultism at the interactional, institutional, and curricular levels. Our implications center on using critical reflexivity to challenge adultism.

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF THE TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS COSTS IN SERBIA BY USING DOMINANT COSTS MODEL

Transport ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Antić ◽  
Milan Vujanić ◽  
Krsto Lipovac ◽  
Dalibor Pešić
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Official Data

This paper presents estimation of the traffic accident costs in Serbia, based on original dominant costs model. Dominant costs model uses human capital approach and this model is developed for simple and quick calculation of the traffic accidents costs, because other simple methods as 1 million rules, are not suitable for estimation of the traffic accident costs in the countries with a low GDP per capita. Knowing the costs of traffic accidents is of crucial importance for establishing traffic safety to the level defined by the size of costs made as a consequence of unsafely. So, politicians, decision makers and stakeholders in the field of traffic safety often need quick estimation of the traffic accident costs and economic effects of the particular measures which are applied for decreasing the number and severity of traffic accidents. The estimation of the level of the traffic accidents costs in Serbia, based on the official data (from the Ministry of Interior of the Republic of Serbia) about traffic accidents in Serbia for 2008 is shown in this paper and the comparison between predicted and calculated value of the traffic accident costs for 2009 is also presented.

Public Policy Making and Public Policy Analysis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee S. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
The United States ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Public Policy Analysis ◽  
Professional Class ◽  
The Many

This chapter reviews the development and growth of the policy-analytic profession. Historically, government decision makers have often called upon those with expertise to assist them in reaching their decisions. This chapter, however, concerns a new professional class of advisors that began developing during the 1950s in the United States. This new profession assists policy makers in understanding better their alternatives and relevant considerations for choosing among them. From here, the chapter offers some perspective on the research to date that has attempted to assess the effects of the profession—a perspective that emphasizes some important differences across the many types of governmental settings that utilize policy analysis, and the methodological difficulties that assessment efforts confront.

Youth Participation in Politics

2019 ◽  
pp. 54-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Phiri
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Social Media ◽  
University Students ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Representative Democracy ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Youth Participation ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Public Policy Decisions ◽  
Descriptive Survey

This chapter explores the manner in which Zambian university students engage with public policy decisions which are of immediate and future interest to them. It observes that the youths may have little faith in representative democracy and instead are utilizing social media platforms to directly engage with decision-makers and publics, and thus subverting the essence of the authority of parliament. The study uses descriptive survey design and the methodology of “Briscolage” to capture and scrutinize two politically charged cases, and concludes that the youth globally may be challenging liberalism and in that way fashioning a new narrative entrenched in postmodernism.

scholarly journals Upstream Social Marketing for Implementing Mobile Government

Societies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Burksiene ◽  
Jaroslav Dvorak ◽  
Mantas Duda
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Social Marketing ◽  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Marketing Mix ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Product Price ◽  
P Elements ◽  
Physical Evidence ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
Municipal Level

This article analyses the main aspects of upstream social marketing for the implementation of mobile government (MGov). The methodology of current research is based on the systematic literature review in the fields of MGov and social marketing. According to our findings, most researchers investigated MGov from the side of citizens (consumers) and emphasised the benefits to them while changing their attitudes and behaviours in employing mobile applications. However, as there is a lack of research from the side of governmental bodies, in this paper we were looking for new meanings, attitudes and values from their perspective. Limitations of employment of MGov occur due knowledge gap among decision makers and public policy formers (upstream audience). Therefore, we argue that upstream social marketing for the upstream audience would bring success in faster MGov implementation. Specific social marketing would be mostly valuable on the municipal level that is the closest substance to the society. Thus, in our paper, we emphasise the benefit of the MGov for the local upstream audience and propose possible external marketers as well as the motivating theses based on the 7P of marketing mix (consisting of seven P elements: Product, Price, Place or physical evidence, Promotion, Participants or people, Processes, Political power) for the successful MGov on municipal level.

Translating Scientific Knowledge to Government Decision Makers Has Crucial Importance in the Management of the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katalin Gombos ◽  
Róbert Herczeg ◽  
Bálint Erőss ◽  
Sándor Zsolt Kovács ◽  
Annamária Uzzoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Government Decision

Strategizing with Biases: Making Better Decisions Using the Mindspace Approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengwei Liu ◽  
Ivo Vlaev ◽  
Christina Fang ◽  
Jerker Denrell ◽  
Nick Chater
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Strategic Decisions

This article introduces strategists to the Mindspace framework and explores its applications in strategic contexts. This framework consists of nine effective behavioral interventions that are grounded in public policy applications, and it focuses on how changing the context can be more effective than attempts to de-bias decision makers. Behavioral changes are likely when we follow rather than fight human nature. Better decisions can be achieved by engineering choice contexts to “engage a bias” to overcome a more damaging bias. This article illustrates how to engineer strategic contexts through two case studies and outlines directions and challenges when applying Mindspace to strategic decisions.

Policy, Politics and Political Science

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 751-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Political ◽  
Politiques Publiques ◽  
Political Feasibility ◽  
Power Differentials ◽  
Cognitive Deficiencies ◽  
Mesures Incitatives

Abstract.Political scientists are increasingly studying public policy in interdisciplinary environments where they are challenged by the political and normative agenda of other disciplines. Political science has unique perspectives to offer, including a stress on the political feasibility of policy in an environment of power differentials. Our contributions should be informed by the insights of cognitive psychology and we should focus on improving governance, in particular the competence and integrity of decision makers. The discipline's stress on legitimacy and acceptability provides a normative anchor, but we should not over invest in the idea that incentives will achieve normative goals. Creating decision situations that overcome cognitive deficiencies is ultimately the most important strategy.Résumé.Les politologues étudient les politiques publiques dans des contextes de plus en plus interdisciplinaires, où ils sont remis en question par les préoccupations politique et normatives d'autres disciplines. La science politique a des perspectives uniques à offrir, y compris un accent sur la faisabilité politique des politiques publiques dans un contexte de relations de pouvoir asymétriques. Nos contributions doivent être informées par les idées associées à la psychologie cognitive et nous devrions nous concentrer sur l'amélioration de la gouvernance, et notamment la compétence et l'intégrité des décideurs. L'accent de notre discipline sur la légitimité et l'acceptabilité fournit un point d'ancrage normatif, mais il ne faut pas trop investir dans l'idée que des mesures incitatives permettront nécessairement d'atteindre des objectifs normatifs. Créer des situations de décision qui surmontent les lacunes cognitives des acteurs est finalement la stratégie la plus importante à adopter.

scholarly journals 438 PB 215 RISK OF GENE MUTATION IN MAJOR CROPS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 494a-494
Author(s):  
Bruce M. Pollock
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Real World ◽  
Risk Evaluation ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Insufficient Data ◽  
The Us ◽  
Pleiotropic Gene ◽  
Corn Leaf Blight

The book, Agricultural Biotechnology: Issues and Choices Information for decision Makers, from USDA and Land Grant Colleges discusses risk evaluation for the use of legislators concerned with public policy. However, that discussion is entirely theoretical. The 1970 epidemic of Southern Corn Leaf Blight caused by the pleiotropic gene for Cytoplasmic Male Sterility provides material to use in real-world risk evaluation for biotechnology. Approximately 1×1012 corn seeds are planted annually in the US. Assuming a mutation rate of 1×10-6, then 1×106 mutations can be expected annually. The poster will evaluate the importance of this number using assumptions based on fold-increase during seed production. Unfortunately, it is not possible to evaluate the risk of incorporating another pleiotropic gene into commercial crops because insufficient data are available on the frequency of pleiotropy.

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