scholarly journals Ureides are similarly accumulated in response to UV-C irradiation and wound but differently remobilized during recovery in Arabidopsis leaves.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aigerim Soltabayeva ◽  
Aizat Bekturova ◽  
Assylay Kurmanbayeva ◽  
Dinara Oshanova ◽  
Zhadyrassyn Nurbekova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Tissue Cell ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Stress Indicators ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Irradiation Stress ◽  
Oxidative Stress Indicators ◽  
Uv C

To examine a role of purine degraded metabolites in response to wounding or UV-C stress, the Arabidopsis wild-type and Atxdh1 KO mutants, defective in xanthine dehydrogenase1 (XDH1), were exposed to wounding and UV-C irradiation stress. In Atxdh1 mutant, wounding or UV-C stresses resulted in lower fresh-weight, increased senescence symptoms and higher tissue cell death rate compared to Wild-type. Additionally, Wild-type exhibited lower levels of oxidative stress indicators; reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde than Atxdh1 mutant leaves. Notably, purine degradation transcripts and proteins were orchestrated to lead to enhanced ureide levels in Wild-type leaves 24 h after applying UV-C or wound stress. Yet, different remobilization of the accumulated ureides was noticed 72 h after stresses application. In plants treated with UV-C the allantoin level was highest in young leaves, whereas in wounded plants it was lowest in the young leaves, accumulated mainly in the middle and wounded leaves. The results indicate that in UV-C treated Wild-type, during the recovery period from stress, ureides are remobilized from the lower older leaves to support young leaf growth. In contrast, after wounding, the ureides are remobilized to the young leaves, yet more to the middle wounded leaves, to function as antioxidants and/or healing agents.

scholarly journals Ureides are similarly accumulated in response to UV-C irradiation and wound but differently remobilized during recovery in Arabidopsis leaves

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aigerim Soltabayeva ◽  
Aizat Bekturova ◽  
Assylay Kurmanbayeva ◽  
Dinara Oshanova ◽  
Zhadyrassyn Nurbekova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Degradation Pathway ◽  
Tissue Cell ◽  
Stress Indicators ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Irradiation Stress ◽  
Oxidative Stress Indicators ◽  
Uv C

Abstract To examine a role of purine degraded metabolites in response to wounding or UV-C stress, the Arabidopsis wild-type (WT) and Atxdh1 KO mutants, defective in xanthine dehydrogenase1 (XDH1), were exposed to wounding and UV-C irradiation stress. In Atxdh1 mutant, wounding or UV-C stresses resulted in lower fresh-weight, increased senescence symptoms and higher tissue cell death rate compared to WT plants. Additionally, WT plants exhibited lower levels of oxidative stress indicators; reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde than Atxdh1 mutant leaves. Notably, Transcripts and Proteins functioning in purine degradation pathway were orchestrated to lead to enhanced ureide levels in WT leaves 24 h after applying UV-C or wound stress. Yet, different remobilization of the accumulated ureides was noticed 72 h after stresses application. In plants treated with UV-C the allantoin level was highest in young leaves, whereas in wounded plants it was lowest in the young leaves, accumulated mainly in the middle and wounded leaves. The results indicate that in UV-C treated WT plants, during the recovery period from stress, ureides are remobilized from the lower older leaves to support young leaf growth. In contrast, after wounding, the ureides are remobilized to the young leaves, yet more to the middle wounded leaves, to function as antioxidants and/or healing agents.

scholarly journals Sophocarpine Attenuates LPS-Induced Liver Injury and Improves Survival of Mice through Suppressing Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengyu Jiang ◽  
Yan Meng ◽  
Lulong Bo ◽  
Changli Wang ◽  
Jinjun Bian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Great Part ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Stress Indicators ◽  
Oxidative Reaction ◽  
Hepatic Expression ◽  
Jnk Cascade ◽  
Oxidative Stress Indicators

Septic liver injury/failure that is mainly characterized by oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis led to a great part of terminal liver pathology with limited effective intervention. Here, we used a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation model to simulate the septic liver injury and investigated the effect of sophocarpine on LPS-stimulated mice with endotoxemia. We found that sophocarpine increases the survival rate of mice and attenuates the LPS-induced liver injury, which is indicated by pathology and serum liver enzymes. Further research found that sophocarpine ameliorated hepatic oxidative stress indicators (H2O2, O2∙−, and NO) and enhanced the expression of antioxidant molecules such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH). In addition, sophocarpine also attenuated regional and systematic inflammation and further reduced apoptosis of hepatocytes. Mechanistic evidence was also investigated in the present study as sophocarpine inhibited hepatic expression of the CYP2E/Nrf2 pathway during oxidative stress, inactivated p38/JNK cascade and NF-κB pathway, and, meanwhile, suppressed PI3K/AKT signaling that reduced apoptosis. Conclusively, the present study unveiled the protective role of sophocarpine in LPS-stimulated oxidative reaction, inflammation, and apoptosis by suppressing the CYP2E/Nrf2/ROS as well as PI3K/AKT pathways, suggesting its promising role in attenuating inflammation and liver injury of septic endotoxemia.

Role of Ozone in UV-C Disinfection, Demonstrated by Comparison between Wild-Type and Mutant Conidia ofAspergillus niger

2014 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 615-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Liu ◽  
Lin Zhou ◽  
Ji-Hong Chen ◽  
Wang Mao ◽  
Wen-Jian Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Type ◽  
Uv C

scholarly journals NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF WATERMELON (CITRULLUS LANATUS) PULP JUICE ON SCOPOLAMINE-INDUCED MEMORY DEFICITS IN SWISS ALBINO MICE: THE ROLE OF ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE AND OXIDATIVE STRESS

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
Divya N ◽  
Amudha P ◽  
Viveka K Priya
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Memory Deficit ◽  
Stress Indicators ◽  
Oxidative Stress Indicators ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The effect of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) Pulp Juice (WPJ) on scopolamine (SCOP) induced memory deficits is due to the involvement of oxidative stress and AChE activity. The juice was obtained by crushing the pulp in blender and three different concentrations of 100%, 50% and 25% was administration to prevent memory deficit by evaluating changes of AChE activity and oxidative stress indicators (SOD, CAT, LPO and GPx) induced by scopolamine. These results provide evidence that WPJ is an alternative to protect SCOP induced memory deficits in mice by involvement of oxidative stress and AChE activity.

Difference in skeletal muscle function in males vs. females: role of estrogen receptor-β

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (6) ◽  
pp. E1125-E1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgitta Glenmark ◽  
Maria Nilsson ◽  
Hui Gao ◽  
Jan-Åke Gustafsson ◽  
Karin Dahlman-Wright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Contractile Function ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Relaxation Times ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Β ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Function ◽  
Wild Type Male

Male skeletal muscles are generally faster and have higher maximum power output than female muscles. Conversely, during repeated contractions, female muscles are generally more fatigue resistant and recover faster. We studied the role of estrogen receptor-β (ERβ) in this gender difference by comparing contractile function of soleus (mainly slow-twitch) and extensor digitorum longus (fast-twitch) muscles isolated from ERβ-deficient (ERβ−/−) and wild-type mice of both sexes. Results showed generally shorter contraction and relaxation times in male compared with female muscles, and ERβ deficiency had no effect on this. Fatigue (induced by repeated tetanic contractions) and recovery of female muscles were not affected by ERβ deficiency. However, male ERβ−/− muscles were slightly more fatigue resistant and produced higher forces during the recovery period than wild-type male muscles. In fact, female muscles and male ERβ−/− muscles displayed markedly better recovery than male wild-type muscles. Gene screening of male soleus muscles showed 25 genes that were differently expressed in ERβ−/− and wild-type mice. Five of these genes were selected for further analysis: muscle ankyrin repeat protein-2, muscle LIM protein, calsequestrin, parvalbumin, and aquaporin-1. Expression of these genes showed a similar general pattern: increased expression in male and decreased expression in female ERβ−/− muscles. In conclusion, ERβ deficiency results in increased performance during fatigue and recovery of male muscles, whereas female muscles are not affected. Improved contractile performance of male ERβ−/− mouse muscles was associated with increased expression of mRNAs encoding important muscle proteins.

scholarly journals Role of Phage Capsid in the Resistance to UV-C Radiations

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3408
Author(s):  
Laura Maria De Plano ◽  
Domenico Franco ◽  
Maria Giovanna Rizzo ◽  
Vincenzo Zammuto ◽  
Concetta Gugliandolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
3D Modelling ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Peptide Bonds ◽  
Environmental Resistance ◽  
Modelling Analysis ◽  
Phage Capsid ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Uv C

The conformational variation of the viral capsid structure plays an essential role both for the environmental resistance and acid nuclear release during cellular infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate how capsid rearrangement in engineered phages of M13 protects viral DNA and peptide bonds from damage induced by UV-C radiation. From in silico 3D modelling analysis, two M13 engineered phage clones, namely P9b and 12III1, were chosen for (i) chemical features of amino acids sequences, (ii) rearrangements in the secondary structure of their pVIII proteins and (iii) in turn the interactions involved in phage capsid. Then, their resistance to UV-C radiation and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was compared to M13 wild-type vector (pC89) without peptide insert. Results showed that both the phage clones acquired an advantage against direct radiation damage, due to a reorganization of interactions in the capsid for an increase of H-bond and steric interactions. However, only P9b had an increase in resistance against H2O2. These results could help to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the stability of new virus variants, also providing quick and necessary information to develop effective protocols in the virus inactivation for human activities, such as safety foods and animal-derived materials.

scholarly journals The Beneficial Use of Melanin in Inhibiting and Treating HCC Through Preventing CBC, Liver Enzymes, Oxidative Stress, and Lipid Peroxidation Alterations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Anwar K Abdelhalim ◽  
Yanallah H Al-Mohy ◽  
Mohammed S Al-Ayed
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Stress Indicators ◽  
Beneficial Use ◽  
Liver Cancers ◽  
Oxidative Stress Indicators

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for more than 90% of primary liver cancers and is a major global health problem. The present application relates to normalizing abnormal levels of hematological blood parameters, oxidative stress indicators, and liver enzyme levels in the rats using melanin, and particularly, to treating their abnormal levels, in addition to evaluate the role of melanin during and after the progression of HCC, which will be supplemented histologically. Hematological blood parameters such as white blood cells (WBCs), red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), and platelets (PLTs); liver enzymes such as alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST); oxidative stress such as glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD); LP malondialdehyde (MDA) were evaluated in all groups of rats. Injection of Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and 2-Acetyaminofluorine (2-AFF) induced HCC in the rats accompanied with a significant reduction in WBCs, RBCs, HGB, HCT, and PLTs, GSH-PX, and SOD; while a significant elevation was observed in ALT and AST, and MDA compared to the control. Melanin normalized all the above mentioned parameters during and after the progression of cancer towards their control values. These results demonstrate the beneficial use of melanin as a powerful antioxidant tool in inhibiting and treating HCC in the rats.

IL-18 mediates the formation of stress-induced, histamine-dependent gastric lesions

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (1) ◽  
pp. G262-G267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitomi Seino ◽  
Haruyasu Ueda ◽  
Masahiro Kokai ◽  
Noriko M. Tsuji ◽  
Shinichiro Kashiwamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Restraint Stress ◽  
Histidine Decarboxylase ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Gastric Lesions ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Stress Indicators ◽  
Prior Administration ◽  
Deficient Mice

A role of IL-18 in the induction of gastric lesions by water immersion and restraint stress (WRS) was investigated. When wild-type BALB/c mice were exposed to WRS, levels of IL-18 in the serum and stomach increased rapidly with the development of acute gastric lesions. In IL-18-deficient mice [IL-18 knockout (KO) mice] similarly exposed to WRS, no gastric lesions were observed, but the administration of IL-18 before exposure to WRS resulted in the induction of WRS-induced gastric lesions. WRS enhanced gastric histidine decarboxylase (HDC) activity with concomitant increases in gastric histamine content. In IL-18 KO mice, the WRS-induced elevation of gastric HDC activity and histamine levels was much less than that in wild-type mice, but it was augmented by prior administration of IL-18. Treatment of wild-type mice with cimetidine, a histamine H2 receptor antagonist, inhibited the formation of WRS-induced gastric lesions with no effect on the induction of gastric IL-18 by WRS. Levels of corticosterone, one of the stress indicators, were lower in IL-18 KO mice than in wild-type mice. The glucocorticoid receptor antagonist mifepristone had no effect on gastric IL-18 and histamine levels but aggravated the stress-induced gastric lesions, indicating that corticosterone was not involved in the IL-18-mediated formation of stress-induced gastric lesions. These results indicate that IL-18 is involved in the induction of gastric lesions by WRS through augmentation of HDC activity and production of histamine in the stomach.

scholarly journals Oxidative stress and low molecular weight antioxidants in triticale shoots under chloride salinization

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 125-130
Author(s):  
Viktor V. Ivanishchev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Stress Indicators ◽  
Sodium Chloride Stress ◽  
Oxidative Stress Indicators

We studied the alterations in oxidative stress indicators (hydrogen peroxide, superoxide radical, lipid peroxidation – LPO) and the alterations in the content of low molecular weight metabolites (ascorbic acid, glutathione, proline, chlorophyll and carotenoids) in the shoots of triticale (Triticosecale) under short-term (0-96 h) sodium chloride stress (120 mM) with statistical methods: principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis. An analysis of the alterations in oxidative stress indicators allowed us to calculate the correlation coefficients for the pairs: peroxide – superoxide (0.52), peroxide – LPO (0.62), superoxide – LPO (0.23). The inclusion in the analysis of data on alterations in the content of low molecular weight antioxidants showed that the PCA method forms three main groups for all the studied characteristics: (1) LPO and hydrogen peroxide, (2) chlorophyll and carotenoids, (3) glutathione and ascorbate. The correlation coefficients were calculated for pairs: ascorbate – glutathione (0.71), ascorbate – proline (0.81), glutathione – proline (0.28). Such a value of the coefficient of the first pair suggests that ascorbic acid also performs numerous other functions, in addition to participating in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle. The high correlation between ascorbate and proline can be explained by the similar nature of alterations in their content in triticale shoots under conditions of short-term sodium chloride stress. Negative correlation coefficients in pairs of hydrogen peroxide – chlorophyll (-0.73), peroxide – carotenoids (-0.75), ascorbic acid – LPO (-0.70), LPO – proline (-0.69) give reason to talk about the possible protective role of photosynthesis pigments from accumulating hydrogen peroxide, as well as the potential role of ascorbic acid and proline in protecting membranes from lipid peroxidation. The application of the cluster analysis method showed that first and second order clusters between ascorbate, proline and glutathione reflect their known antioxidant role. The results obtained may also indicate that pigments have a much lower protective function.

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