Oxidative stress and low molecular weight antioxidants  in triticale shoots under chloride salinization

We studied the alterations in oxidative stress indicators (hydrogen peroxide, superoxide radical, lipid peroxidation – LPO) and the alterations in the content of low molecular weight metabolites (ascorbic acid, glutathione, proline, chlorophyll and carotenoids) in the shoots of triticale (Triticosecale) under short-term (0-96 h) sodium chloride stress (120 mM) with statistical methods: principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis. An analysis of the alterations in oxidative stress indicators allowed us to calculate the correlation coefficients for the pairs: peroxide – superoxide (0.52), peroxide – LPO (0.62), superoxide – LPO (0.23). The inclusion in the analysis of data on alterations in the content of low molecular weight antioxidants showed that the PCA method forms three main groups for all the studied characteristics: (1) LPO and hydrogen peroxide, (2) chlorophyll and carotenoids, (3) glutathione and ascorbate. The correlation coefficients were calculated for pairs: ascorbate – glutathione (0.71), ascorbate – proline (0.81), glutathione – proline (0.28). Such a value of the coefficient of the first pair suggests that ascorbic acid also performs numerous other functions, in addition to participating in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle. The high correlation between ascorbate and proline can be explained by the similar nature of alterations in their content in triticale shoots under conditions of short-term sodium chloride stress. Negative correlation coefficients in pairs of hydrogen peroxide – chlorophyll (-0.73), peroxide – carotenoids (-0.75), ascorbic acid – LPO (-0.70), LPO – proline (-0.69) give reason to talk about the possible protective role of photosynthesis pigments from accumulating hydrogen peroxide, as well as the potential role of ascorbic acid and proline in protecting membranes from lipid peroxidation. The application of the cluster analysis method showed that first and second order clusters between ascorbate, proline and glutathione reflect their known antioxidant role. The results obtained may also indicate that pigments have a much lower protective function.

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Response of antioxidative system of Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. to terminal heat stress

Bangladesh Journal of Botany ◽

10.3329/bjb.v49i4.52659 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 1185-1188

Author(s):

Narender Mohan ◽

Nisha Kumari ◽

Minakshi Jattan ◽

Ram Avtar ◽

Babita Rani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Indian Mustard ◽

Concomitant Increase ◽

Maximum Increase ◽

Stress Indicators ◽

Terminal Heat Stress ◽

Oxidative Stress Indicators

A differential response to terminal heat stress was observed on enzymatic and non-enzymatic components of antioxidant system of two thermo-tolerant genotypes viz., RGN-368 & RH-1566 and two thermo-sensitive genotypes viz., RH-1134 & RH-0749 in leaves of Indian mustard. The antioxidative enzymes viz., superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase showed higher activity in leaves of two thermo-tolerant genotypes as compared to thermo-sensitive. Terminal heat stress resulted in concomitant increase in non-enzymatic components like carotenoids, ascorbic acid and proline in all the genotypes but maximum increase was observed in thermo-tolerant genotypes. A remarkable accumulation was observed in oxidative stress indicators i.e., malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide and electrolyte leakage in all the genotypes, whereas, significant increase was observed in thermo-sensitive genotypes as compared to thermo-tolerant. It is inferred that leaves of thermo-tolerant genotypes tend to attain greater capacity to perform reaction of antioxidative pathway under the condition of terminal heat stress to combat thermo-induced oxidative stress.

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Indicators of the antioxidant system and oxidative stress of triticale shoots under chloride salinity

Butlerov Communications ◽

10.37952/roi-jbc-01/20-63-9-51 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 63 (9) ◽

pp. 51-58

Author(s):

Viktor V. Ivanishchev ◽

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Molecular Weight ◽

Cluster Analysis ◽

Glutathione Reductase ◽

Ascorbate Peroxidase ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Low Molecular Weight ◽

Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽

Short Term

Alterations in the activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, glutathione reductase), the content of low molecular weight antioxidants (ascorbic acid, glutathione, and proline), as well as indicators of oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide, superoxide radical, lipid peroxidation –LPO) in the shoots of triticale (Triticosecale) under short-term (0-96 h) sodium chloride stress (120 mM) were studied with statistical methods: principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis. The application of the PCA method did not always lead to definite results that could be unambiguously interpreted from the point of view of modern concepts in the field of plant physiology and biochemistry. At the same time, high values of the correlation coefficients between individual indicators did not at all reflect their biochemical interdependence. The results obtained allow us to conclude that, under conditions of short-term chloride stress in triticale shoots, the more important function of proline is associated, rather, with the maintenance of osmotic pressure inside the cell than with the role of a low-molecular antioxidant. The mutual positive values of the correlation coefficients (with respect to each other) of the activity of catalase, glutathione reductase, LPO, the content of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide indicate the unidirectionality of the detected alterations, which reflect their known biochemical relationship and the need for glutathione reductase to maintain a certain redox-state in plant cells. With cluster analysis it was shown that under conditions of short-term chloride stress in triticale shoots, the studied enzymes (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, and glutathione reductase) play a more significant role in neutralizing of reactive oxygen species, and maintaining the state of membranes, than low molecular weight antioxidants.

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Sophocarpine Attenuates LPS-Induced Liver Injury and Improves Survival of Mice through Suppressing Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2018/5871431 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Zhengyu Jiang ◽

Yan Meng ◽

Lulong Bo ◽

Changli Wang ◽

Jinjun Bian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Liver Injury ◽

Great Part ◽

Protective Role ◽

Stress Indicators ◽

Oxidative Reaction ◽

Hepatic Expression ◽

Jnk Cascade ◽

Oxidative Stress Indicators

Septic liver injury/failure that is mainly characterized by oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis led to a great part of terminal liver pathology with limited effective intervention. Here, we used a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation model to simulate the septic liver injury and investigated the effect of sophocarpine on LPS-stimulated mice with endotoxemia. We found that sophocarpine increases the survival rate of mice and attenuates the LPS-induced liver injury, which is indicated by pathology and serum liver enzymes. Further research found that sophocarpine ameliorated hepatic oxidative stress indicators (H2O2, O2∙−, and NO) and enhanced the expression of antioxidant molecules such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH). In addition, sophocarpine also attenuated regional and systematic inflammation and further reduced apoptosis of hepatocytes. Mechanistic evidence was also investigated in the present study as sophocarpine inhibited hepatic expression of the CYP2E/Nrf2 pathway during oxidative stress, inactivated p38/JNK cascade and NF-κB pathway, and, meanwhile, suppressed PI3K/AKT signaling that reduced apoptosis. Conclusively, the present study unveiled the protective role of sophocarpine in LPS-stimulated oxidative reaction, inflammation, and apoptosis by suppressing the CYP2E/Nrf2/ROS as well as PI3K/AKT pathways, suggesting its promising role in attenuating inflammation and liver injury of septic endotoxemia.

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NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF WATERMELON (CITRULLUS LANATUS) PULP JUICE ON SCOPOLAMINE-INDUCED MEMORY DEFICITS IN SWISS ALBINO MICE: THE ROLE OF ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE AND OXIDATIVE STRESS

International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy ◽

10.7897/2277-4343.120373 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 52-56

Author(s):

Divya N ◽

Amudha P ◽

Viveka K Priya

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Ache Activity ◽

Citrullus Lanatus ◽

Neuroprotective Effect ◽

Memory Deficits ◽

Memory Deficit ◽

Stress Indicators ◽

Oxidative Stress Indicators ◽

And Oxidative Stress

The effect of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) Pulp Juice (WPJ) on scopolamine (SCOP) induced memory deficits is due to the involvement of oxidative stress and AChE activity. The juice was obtained by crushing the pulp in blender and three different concentrations of 100%, 50% and 25% was administration to prevent memory deficit by evaluating changes of AChE activity and oxidative stress indicators (SOD, CAT, LPO and GPx) induced by scopolamine. These results provide evidence that WPJ is an alternative to protect SCOP induced memory deficits in mice by involvement of oxidative stress and AChE activity.

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Preparation, Structural Characterization, and Property Investigation of Gallic Acid-Grafted Fungal Chitosan Conjugate

Journal of Fungi ◽

10.3390/jof7100812 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (10) ◽

pp. 812

Author(s):

Weslley Souza de Paiva ◽

Moacir Fernandes Queiroz ◽

Diego Araujo Sabry ◽

André Luiz Cabral Monteiro de Azevedo Santiago ◽

Guilherme Lanzi Sassaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Molecular Weight ◽

Gallic Acid ◽

Low Molecular Weight ◽

Fibroblast Cells ◽

Chitosan Derivative ◽

Promising Agent ◽

Fungal Chitosan ◽

Total Antioxidant

Oxidative stress is the cause of numerous diseases in humans; therefore, there has been a continuous search for novel antioxidant molecules. Fungal chitosan is an attractive molecule that has several applications (antifungal, antibacterial, anticancer and antiparasitic action) owing to its unique characteristics; however, it exhibits low antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to obtain fungal chitosan (Chit-F) from the fungus Rhizopus arrhizus and synthesize its derivative, fungal chitosan-gallic acid (Chit-FGal), as a novel antioxidant chitosan derivative for biomedical use. A low molecular weight Chi-F (~3.0 kDa) with a degree of deacetylation of 86% was obtained from this fungus. Chit-FGal (3.0 kDa) was synthesized by an efficient free radical-mediated method using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and ascorbic acid. Both Chit-F and Chit-FGal showed similar copper chelating activities; however, Chit-FGal was more efficient as an antioxidant, exhibiting twice the total antioxidant capacity than Chi-F (p < 0.05). Furthermore, H2O2 (0.06 M) promoted a 50% decrease in the viabilities of the 3T3 fibroblast cells. However, this effect was abolished in the presence of Chit-FGal (0.05–0.25 mg/mL), indicating that Chit-FGal protected the cells from oxidative damage. These results suggest that Chit-FGal may be a promising agent to combat oxidative stress.

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Oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes in triticale shoots under chloride salinization

Butlerov Communications ◽

10.37952/roi-jbc-01/20-63-7-99 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 63 (7) ◽

pp. 99-105

Author(s):

Viktor V. Ivanishchev ◽

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Cluster Analysis ◽

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Glutathione Reductase ◽

Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽

Short Term ◽

Stress Indicators ◽

Oxidative Stress Indicators

We studied alterations in oxidative stress indicators (hydrogen peroxide, superoxide radical, lipid peroxidation – LPO) and alterations in the activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, glutathione reductase) in triticale shoots (Triticosecale) during short-term (0-96 h) sodium chloride stress (120 mM) with statistical methods: principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis. Analysis of alterations in the activity of enzymes with the PCA method does not allow them to be unambiguously included in a single group, despite the fact that they all belong to antioxidant enzymes. The inclusion of oxidative stress indicators in this analysis did not make the picture simpler. Using the cluster analysis method, it can be concluded that under conditions of short-term chloride stress in the shoots of triticale, much more catalase (than other enzymes studied) is associated with the protection of membranes from lipid peroxidation than with the utilization of hydrogen peroxide. This is also reflected by the highest correlation coefficients: catalase – LPO (0.94), catalase – hydrogen peroxide (0.79). The formation of primary clusters between ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase reflect the significance of the association of the ascorbate – glutathione cycle with the processes of utilization of reactive oxygen species (primarily hydrogen peroxide) under experimental conditions. It was also shown that under conditions of short-term chloride stress in the shoots of triticale, guaiacol peroxidase plays the least role in the utilization of hydrogen peroxide. In this case, salt ions again form a single primary cluster, which combines with other clusters at the maximum Euclidean distance in the experiment.

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The Beneficial Use of Melanin in Inhibiting and Treating HCC Through Preventing CBC, Liver Enzymes, Oxidative Stress, and Lipid Peroxidation Alterations

10.21203/rs.3.rs-40619/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mohamed Anwar K Abdelhalim ◽

Yanallah H Al-Mohy ◽

Mohammed S Al-Ayed

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Liver Enzymes ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Stress Indicators ◽

Beneficial Use ◽

Liver Cancers ◽

Oxidative Stress Indicators

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for more than 90% of primary liver cancers and is a major global health problem. The present application relates to normalizing abnormal levels of hematological blood parameters, oxidative stress indicators, and liver enzyme levels in the rats using melanin, and particularly, to treating their abnormal levels, in addition to evaluate the role of melanin during and after the progression of HCC, which will be supplemented histologically. Hematological blood parameters such as white blood cells (WBCs), red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), and platelets (PLTs); liver enzymes such as alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST); oxidative stress such as glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD); LP malondialdehyde (MDA) were evaluated in all groups of rats. Injection of Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and 2-Acetyaminofluorine (2-AFF) induced HCC in the rats accompanied with a significant reduction in WBCs, RBCs, HGB, HCT, and PLTs, GSH-PX, and SOD; while a significant elevation was observed in ALT and AST, and MDA compared to the control. Melanin normalized all the above mentioned parameters during and after the progression of cancer towards their control values. These results demonstrate the beneficial use of melanin as a powerful antioxidant tool in inhibiting and treating HCC in the rats.

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Role of Oxidative Stress Indicators in Development of Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Experimental and Clinical Physiology and Biochemistry ◽

10.25040/ecpb2017.04.057 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 (4) ◽

pp. 57-60

Author(s):

D. KUTSYK ◽

◽

E. SKLYAROV ◽

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Stress Indicators ◽

Oxidative Stress Indicators

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Postponed effect of neostigmine on oxidative homeostasis

Interdisciplinary Toxicology ◽

10.2478/intox-2014-0018 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 134-138

Author(s):

Miroslav Pohanka

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Molecular Weight ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Low Molecular Weight ◽

Glutathione S Transferase ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Ache Inhibitors ◽

Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACT Cholinesterases are enzymes able to hydrolyze the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and thus to terminate transmission. Once the enzymes are inhibited, excitotoxicity can appear in the adjacent cells. It is well known that oxidative stress is involved in the toxicity of cholinesterase inhibitors. Commonly, stress follows inhibition of cholinesterases and disappears shortly afterwards. In the present experiment, it was decided to test the impact of an inhibitor, neostigmine, on oxidative stress in BALB/c mice after a longer interval. The animals were sacrificed three days after onset of the experiment and spleens and livers were collected. Reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), caspase-3 and activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were assayed. The tested markers were not altered with exceptions of FRAP. The FRAP values indicate accumulation of low molecular weight antioxidants in the examined organs. The role of low molecular weight antioxidants in the toxicity of AChE inhibitors is discussed.

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