scholarly journals Chemotherapy in Cases of Trypanosoma cruzi Reinfection: Assessing for Chagas Disease Endemic Areas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Reboucas ◽  
Anderson Eduardo ◽  
Marcos Lazaro da Silva Guerreiro ◽  
Sonia Gumes Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Triple Infection ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
Cure Rates ◽  
Positive Results

People living in endemic areas of Chagas disease are submitted to multiple infections during their lives. This is an important factor in the development and morbidity of the disease. In the present investigation, evaluate the treatment outcome of triple infection mice with 21SF clones compared to the parental strain and with clones were investigated. Mice were infected and divided into groups: G1, infected with 21SF strain; G2, infected with 3 clones of the 21SF strain; and G3, infected with each clone alone. Subsequently, the groups were subdivided in treated and untreated controls. After the treatment the mice were euthanized. Serological tests and parasitological tests were performed. Sections of the heart and skeletal muscle were collected, fixed and then processed for the histopathological study in sections stained with Hematoxilin end Eosin. Parasitological tests for animals treated have shown positive results that varied from 25 to 66.7% and the serology titers varied from 1:10 a 1:280 in treated mice. Cure rates ranged from 11.1 to 30.8%. Histopathological examination revealed that treated animals presented clear reduction of lesions in myocardium and in skeletal muscle. Animals subjected to multiple infections have low rates of cure and worsening of tissue lesions.

Chagas disease: comments on the 2018 PAHO Guidelines for diagnosis and management

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca F Norman ◽  
Rogelio López-Vélez
Keyword(s):  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Chronic Infection ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Individual

AbstractBackgroundChagas disease, or American trypanosomiasis, is a protozoan infectious disease endemic throughout most of the Americas, caused by the trypanosome, Trypanosoma cruzi, and mainly transmitted to humans by reduviid or kissing bugs. Some progress has been achieved in control of the disease mainly in endemic areas, but migration flows have acted as drivers for the emergence of the disease mainly in non-endemic areas of Europe and North America. Most imported cases of Chagas disease in Europe are reported in migrants from highly endemic areas of countries such as Bolivia and Paraguay, and reports of Chagas disease in travellers are extremely rare.MethodsPan American Health Organization (PAHO) recently updated their guidelines on the diagnosis and management of Chagas. These guidelines and their applicability to migrants and travellers are reviewed.ResultsPAHO recommends the use of two serological tests for diagnosis of chronic infection (allowing for the use of a single sensitive test followed by confirmation in special settings such as the screening of potential blood donors). The indication for specific trypanocidal treatment of acute infections, children and women of child-bearing age remains as before, with either benznidazole or nifurtimox being the treatment of choice. For chronic infection with/without organ damage, treatment recommendations are less well defined. Although treatment is generally not recommended in patients with visceral involvement, decisions regarding treatment need to be tailored to the individual. Either benznidazole or nifurtimox may be used for initial treatment.ConclusionsThe recent PAHO Guidelines provide a framework to aid the diagnosis and management of this infection, but several aspects such as the underdiagnosis of infections, the multidisciplinary approach to patient management, the investigation of novel biomarkers of disease progression/response to treatment and the development of new treatment strategies are areas which should be further strengthened.

scholarly journals REV-1 conjunctival vaccine administration in Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (10) ◽  
pp. 6582-2021
Author(s):  
GULSEN GONCAGUL ◽  
ELCİN GUNAYDİN ◽  
OZLEM KARDOGAN ◽  
YAVUZ COKAL ◽  
EMSAL SİNEM OZDEMİR SALCİ
Keyword(s):  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Subcutaneous Route ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Vaccine Administration ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Vaccination Period ◽  
Control And Eradication

Brucellosis in sheep and goats has a major economic and zoonotic importance, and implementation of strategies for its control and eradication is essential in endemic areas. In this study, the enhanced abortion cases in small ruminants after conjunctival Rev-1 vaccine administration was examined by PCR in terms of probability of vaccine induced abort cases. Of the examined 77 cotyledons from the aborted fetuses belonging to 68 sheep and 9 goats, 70 (90.90%) were found to harbour Brucella spp. DNA. In the first, second and third trimester of gestation, the rate of 100%, 40% and 42.85% positive results were determined from the cotyledons of the small ruminants, respectively. In conclusion, the conjunctival route of Rev-1 vaccine administration was safe during field vaccination, compatible with the serological tests and induces less abortion compared with the subcutaneous route as long as the period of pregnancy is taken into consideration during the vaccination period.

scholarly journals An entomoepidemiological investigation of Chagas disease in the state of Ceará, Northeast Region of Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 785-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Fausto de Souza Coutinho ◽  
Reinaldo Souza-Santos ◽  
Natalia Faria Daflon Teixeira ◽  
Ingebourg Georg ◽  
Taís Ferreira Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chagas Disease ◽  
The State ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Animal Shelters ◽  
Species Analysis ◽  
Rural Locality ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons

The seroprevalence of Chagas disease in humans and the presence of triatomines were investigated in a rural locality in the State of Ceará, Brazil, an historically endemic region. Approximately 80% of the surveyed residents agreed to undergo serological tests. Intradomestic and peridomestic environments were searched for triatomines in both the dry and rainy seasons. The prevalence rate of Chagas disease was 1.2% and the majority of individuals confirmed with the disease over 50 years of age. A total of 761 specimens of triatomines were captured, most of which were from colonies composed of nymphs and adult bugs, and the majority of specimens were obtained in the dry season. Triatoma brasiliensis was the predominant species. Analysis using light microscopy revealed that 28.6% of the insects were Trypanosoma cruzi positive. Results suggest that peridomestic man-made structures, such as animal shelters, improper storage of timber and uninhabited dwellings contribute to the high rate of triatomine infestation in the area.

scholarly journals Chagas disease prevalence in pregnant women: migration and risk of congenital transmission

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (09) ◽  
pp. 895-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo A Kolliker-Frers ◽  
Ivan Insua ◽  
Gabriela Razzitte ◽  
Francisco Capani
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Latin American ◽  
The United States ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Congenital Transmission ◽  
The Public ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Argentina has been a preferential target for Bolivian immigrants for decades. The relatively recent migratory flux includes Germany, France, the United States, Australia, Japan, and some Latin American countries. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to describe the prevalence of Chagas disease in pregnant women, analyzing the Bolivian-specific Chagas prevalence as the main contributor of migratory populations from Chagas disease-endemic areas to Buenos Aires city, Argentina, and to evaluate the impact of these migrant influxes on the process of the "urbanization" of the disease in reference hospital José Maria Ramos Mejia (JMRM). Methodology: Overall, 21,332 pregnant women (100%) between 15 and 49 years of age derived from the public maternity service of JMRMH were studied. Serology data was obtained from registered serological diagnosis data, consisting of three different serological tests performed at the Public Parasitology Unit. Results: Although general prevalence decreased during the analyzed period, the specific prevalence of pregnant women from Bolivian origin showed a sustained growth during 1983–2013. Solely 5% of the total pregnant women population from Bolivia contributed to one third of the total Chagas prevalence. Conclusions: This study showed that a cohort of pregnant women from Bolivia who attended JMRMH during the period 1983–2007 constituted a population at risk for congenital transmission. Increased migration from endemic areas of Bolivia might potentially increase the prevalence of Chagas disease among pregnant women. In addition, this study highlights the importance to analyze specific prevalence according to endemic areas to determine the profiles of potential hidden prevalence.

scholarly journals Trypanosoma cruzi: susceptibility to chemotherapy with benznidazole of clones isolated from the highly resistant Colombian strain

2003 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edson L.P. Camandaroba ◽  
Eliana A.G. Reis ◽  
Marilda S. Gonçalves ◽  
Mitermayer G. Reis ◽  
Sonia G. Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Parental Strain ◽  
High Similarity ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Cure Rates

The present investigation was performed to evaluate the susceptibility of seven clones isolated from the highly resistant Colombian strains, prototype of Biodeme Type III. Seven clones previously obtained, showed a phenotypic homogeneity and high similarity with the parental strain. Eight groups of 30 mice were inoculated with one of seven clones or the parental strain; 20 were treated with benznidazole (100mg/kg/day) and 10 were untreated controls. Cure evaluations were done by parasitological and serological tests and PCR. Cure rates varied from 0% (null) to 16.7%. Correlation between positivity of parasitological and serological tests with positive PCR reached 37%. The results demonstrated the high resistance of the clones, suggesting the predominance of a highly resistant principal clone in this strain. The findings apparently indicate that the possibility of cure is minimal for patients infected with this biodeme; a fact that could affect the control of Chagas' disease through treatment of chronically infected people.

scholarly journals A Histopathological Study of Granulomatous Inflammation

2012 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
pp. 15-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harish S. Permi ◽  
Jayaprakash Shetty K. ◽  
Shetty K. Padma ◽  
Teerthanath S. ◽  
Michelle Mathias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Granulomatous Inflammation ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Medical Academy ◽  
Granulomatous Lesions ◽  
Exact Etiology

AbstractGranulomatous inflammation is a distinctive pattern of chronic inflammation that is encountered in a limited number of infectious and non-infectious conditions. Recognisation of granulomatous pattern and finding the etiology in a biopsy specimen is very important for specific treatment and outcome of the disease. We aimed at finding the etiology of all granulomatous lesions on tissue biopsy sent for histopathogical examination. A study was done at K S Hegde Medical Academy of Nitte University, Mangalore from January 2009 to December 2010. All the cases which were diagnosed as granulomas on Hematoxylin and Eosin stained sections were selected. Special stains like Ziehl-Neelsen stain, Gomori's Methenamine silver, PAS, Fite Faraco were done whenever required. We encountered 275 granulomatous lesions in our study. The most common sites were skin and subcutaneous tissue, lymph nodes, bones and joints. The commonest cause of granulomas was tuberculosis, followed by leprosy, foreign body granulomas, fungal infections, rhinoscleroma, parasites, tumor granulomas and actinomycosis. The morphological features and special staining helped us to find the specific etiology of granulomas in 253 cases whereas it could not be determined in 22 cases even after special stains. Thus we conclude that histopathological examination of granulomatous lesions helped us to find the exact etiology of granulomas in 92 % of cases. The correlation of histopathology with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) serological tests and culture correlation would have helped to find the specific etiology in the remainder of cases.

Evaluation of Breast Lumps by Ultrasound and Correlation with Histological Findings

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-12
Author(s):  
Nelema Jahan ◽  
Md. Mamunur Rahman ◽  
Mohammad Shahidul Alam ◽  
Md Saiful Islam
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Breast Diseases ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Breast Lump ◽  
Histopathological Findings ◽  
Malignant Breast ◽  
Breast Lumps ◽  
One Year ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: A breast lump is the most common symptom associated with both benign and malignant breast diseases. Therefore, a distinction of benign from malignant lump is of importance for proper management. Though a definitive diagnosis is possible with imaging for all the lesions, histopathological study is proven essential for confirming the diagnosis. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of USG and histopathological findings of different breast lump in diagnosis and their comparison. Methods: A prospective study was conducted over a period of one year from January 2017 to December 2017. A total of 116 patients were included in this study. All breast lumps underwent surgery and the ultrasound findings of these lumps were compared with the histopathological findings. Data were collected from these patients by a preformed questionnaire and finally the data were analyzed. Results: Out of 116 patients only 21 cases were reported as malignant in ultrasound report but histopathology revealed 31 malignant patients. On histopathological examination 10 benign cases turned out to be malignant. Conclusion: The present study was undertaken to evaluate in diagnosing breast mass lesions individually by ultrasound and compared with histopathology for definitive management of a patient. Journal of Surgical Sciences (2019) Vol. 23 (1) : 10-12

scholarly journals AB0463 ETIOLOGY OF PALPABLE PURPURA; A SINGLE CENTER EXPERIENCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1530.1-1530
Author(s):  
G. Kaynar ◽  
O. C. İçaçan ◽  
S. Çelik ◽  
M. Yalçin Mutlu ◽  
C. Bes
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis ◽  
Systemic Vasculitis ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Recent Infection ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Palpable Purpura ◽  
Underlying Diseases

Background:Purpura are lesions that occur after bleeding on the skin, mucous or serosal surfaces. Purpura can be classified into 2 subgroups; which are linked to thrombocytopenia and non-trombocytopenic purpura. While thrombocytopenic purpura often occurs due to a hematological disease; in non-trombocytopenic purpura etiological causes are very variable, and systemic vasculitis has an important place among them.Objectives:The demographic features of the patients applying with purpura and the underlying causes and diseases were aimed to be revealed.Methods:44 consecutive patients (22 women, 22 men) who were admitted to the hospital in the last 6 months, due to purpura were evaluated. Average age of patients was 49.6 ± 19.6 years. Patients were questioned about a recent infection, drug use, concomitant or underlying diseases. The serological tests and other laboratory tests for etiology were performed and biopsy was taken from the skin lesions which are appropriate.Results:While 4 (9%) patients had widespread purpura on the trunk-upper-lower extremities, in 22 (50%) patients purpuric lesions were limited only to the lower limb. The period between the onset of the first symptom and the admission to the hospital was longer than 4 weeks in 35 (79.5%) patients, and shorter than 1 week in 9 (20.5%) patients. 24 (54%) patients had an anamnesis of infection 2-3 weeks before purpura, and 20 (45%) patients had an anamnesis of drug use. The most common accompanying symptom was abdominal pain and was present in 15 (34%) patients. Biopsy was performed from the skin lesion in 37 patients. Histopathological examination of all was compatible with leukocytoclastic vasculitis. In indirect immunofluorescence staining, 17 were found to be IgA positive. 2 (4.5%) patients were diagnosed PR3-ANCA positive granulomatosis with polyangiitis. 1 patient had Hepatitis B virus infection was detected in 1 patient (2.2%), HIV infection was detected in 1 patient (2.2%) and malignancy was detected in 1 patient (2.2%).Conclusion:In our study, the most common reason was found as IgA vasculitis in patients presenting with palpable purpura. Although vasculitic involvement was limited to the skin in most patients, organ-threatening systemic vasculitis was detected in a few patients. Patients applying with Purpura should be questioned for infection and drug use, should be examined for underlying diseases including systemic vasculitis, and closely monitored for organ involvement.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals High Incidence of Zika or Chikungunya Infection among Pregnant Women Hospitalized Due to Obstetrical Complications in Northeastern Brazil—Implications for Laboratory Screening in Arbovirus Endemic Area

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 744
Author(s):  
Iracema J. A. A. Jacques ◽  
Leila Katz ◽  
Marília A. Sena ◽  
Ana B. G. Guimarães ◽  
Yasmim L. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Obstetric Complications ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Obstetrical Complications ◽  
Risk Pregnancy ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
A Prospective Study

The diagnostic of arbovirus-related obstetric complications in high-risk pregnancy and childbirth care is challenging, especially in endemic areas. We conducted a prospective study to track active or recent Zika (ZIKV), dengue (DENV), or chikungunya (CHIKV) virus infection among hospitalized pregnant women (PW) with obstetric complications in a hospital at the epicenter of Zika outbreak and ZIKV-related microcephaly in Brazil. Clinical data and blood samples were collected at enrollment and 10 days after the admission of study participants, between October 2018 and May 2019. Further clinical data were extracted from medical records. Samples were screened by molecular and serological tests. Out of 780 participants, 93.1% (95% CI: 91.1–94.7%) presented previous DENV exposure (IgG). ZIKV, CHIKV, and/or DENV laboratory markers of recent or active infection were detected in 130 PW, yielding a prevalence of 16.6% (95% CI: 14.2–19.5%); 9.4% (95% CI: 7.4–11.7%), 7.4% (95% CI: 5.7–9.7%), and 0.38% (95% CI: 0.1–1.2%) of CHIKV, ZIKV, and DENV infections, respectively. Most ZIKV infections were detected by molecular assays (89.6%), while CHIKV infections were detected by serology (95.9%). Our findings highlight the need for arbovirus infections screening in PW with obstetrical complications, potentially associated to these infections in endemic areas regardless of the signs or symptoms suggestive of arboviral disease.

Influence of irisin on diet-induced metabolic syndrome in experimental rat model

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalia Medhat ◽  
Mona A. El-Bana ◽  
Sherien M. El-Daly ◽  
Magdi N. Ashour ◽  
Tahany R. Elias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Kidney Functions

Abstract Objective To evaluate the influence of irisin on the experimental paradigm of non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) as a part of MetS cluster. Methods Forty male albino rats were divided into four groups; normal control, standard diet + irisin, high carbohydrate and fat diet (HCHF), and HCHF + irisin. After the experimental period, levels of fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, lipid profile, kidney functions, salusin-alpha (Sal-α), adropin, and retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP-4) were evaluated. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1α) expression in skeletal muscle was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR. Aorta, liver, pancreas, and skeletal muscle tissue samples were prepared for histopathological examination. Results Rats administrated HCHF showed elevated levels of FBS, lipid profile, kidney functions, RBP-4, and downregulation of PGC-1α expression along with a decline in levels of insulin, Sal-α, and adropin while administration of irisin significantly attenuated these levels. Conclusions Irisin as based therapy could emerge as a new line of treatment against MetS and its related diseases.

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