scholarly journals Investigating Emotion Dynamics and Its Association with Multimedia Content During Video Watching Through EEG Microstate Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanrou Hu ◽  
Zhiguo Zhang ◽  
Huilin Zhao ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Linling Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Association ◽  
Neural Mechanism ◽  
Neural Representation ◽  
Multimedia Content ◽  
Task Effect ◽  
Emotion Dynamics ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Microstate Analysis ◽  
Affective Information ◽  
Level Effect

Emotions dynamically change in response to ever-changing environments. It is of great importance, both clinically and scientifically, to investigate the neural representation and evoking mechanism of emotion dynamics. But, there are many unknown places in this stream of research, such as consistent and conclusive findings are still lacking. In this work, we perform an in-depth investigation of emotion dynamics under a video-watching task by gauging the dynamic associations among evoked emotions, electroencephalography (EEG) responses, and multimedia stimulation. Here, we introduce EEG microstate analysis to study emotional EEG signals, which provides a spatial-temporal neural representation of emotion dynamics. To investigate the temporal characteristics of evoking emotions during video watching with its neural mechanism, we conduct two studies from the perspective of EEG microstates. In Study 1, the dynamic microstate activities under different emotion states and emotion levels are explored to identify EEG spatial-temporal correlates of emotion dynamics. In Study 2, the stimulation effects of multimedia content (visual and audio) on EEG microstate activities are examined to learn about the involved affective information and investigate the emotion-evoking mechanism. The results show that emotion dynamics could be well reflected by four EEG microstates (MS1, MS2, MS3, and MS4). Specifically, emotion tasks lead to an increase in MS2 and MS4 coverage but a decrease in MS3 coverage, duration, and occurrence. Meanwhile, there exists a negative association between valence and MS4 occurrence as well as a positive association between arousal and MS3 coverage and occurrence. Further, we find that MS4 and MS3 activities are significantly affected by visual and audio content, respectively. In this work, we verify the possibility to reveal emotion dynamics through EEG microstate analysis from sensory and stimulation dimensions, where EEG microstate features are found to be highly correlated to different emotion states (emotion task effect and level effect) and different affective information involved in the multimedia content (visual and audio). Our work deepens the understanding of the neural representation and evoking mechanism of emotion dynamics, which can be beneficial for future development in the applications of emotion decoding and regulation.

scholarly journals A neural link between affective understanding and interpersonal attraction

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (16) ◽  
pp. E2248-E2257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silke Anders ◽  
Roos de Jong ◽  
Christian Beck ◽  
John-Dylan Haynes ◽  
Thomas Ethofer
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
Interpersonal Attraction ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Neural Mechanism ◽  
Reward System ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Neural Representation ◽  
Affective Behavior ◽  
Intrinsic Reward ◽  
Social Encounters

Being able to comprehend another person’s intentions and emotions is essential for successful social interaction. However, it is currently unknown whether the human brain possesses a neural mechanism that attracts people to others whose mental states they can easily understand. Here we show that the degree to which a person feels attracted to another person can change while they observe the other’s affective behavior, and that these changes depend on the observer’s confidence in having correctly understood the other’s affective state. At the neural level, changes in interpersonal attraction were predicted by activity in the reward system of the observer’s brain. Importantly, these effects were specific to individual observer–target pairs and could not be explained by a target’s general attractiveness or expressivity. Furthermore, using multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA), we found that neural activity in the reward system of the observer’s brain varied as a function of how well the target’s affective behavior matched the observer’s neural representation of the underlying affective state: The greater the match, the larger the brain’s intrinsic reward signal. Taken together, these findings provide evidence that reward-related neural activity during social encounters signals how well an individual’s “neural vocabulary” is suited to infer another person’s affective state, and that this intrinsic reward might be a source of changes in interpersonal attraction.

scholarly journals Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction in Information Technology Sector

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1993-1999 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Advancement Opportunities ◽  
Job Experience ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Impact

The current research has been done to understand the effect of organizational commitment on job satisfaction and to investigate the demographic factors influencing job satisfaction.233 valid questionnaire responses were received from the employees of an Information technology (IT) sector organization situated in Odisha to know the impact of organizational commitment on their job satisfaction level. Correlation analysis was conducted to find out the intercorrelation between job satisfaction and Organizational commitment and regression analysis was done to know the interrelationship between two or more independent variables with the dependant variable. The findings indicated all aspects of organizational commitment were highly correlated with job satisfaction and significantly influenced job satisfaction. Descriptive analysis results showed that advancement opportunities and timely increase in salary and perks constituted the key factors for increase in level of satisfaction of the employees and secondly gender, age and job experience did not have a positive association with job satisfaction. This research also revealed that IT managers must make fair decisions and concentrate on increasing the allied benefits of their employees so that they feel satisfied and contented with their job. They feel motivated and contribute accordingly for the organization. Satisfied employees promote a sense of responsibility towards the smooth functioning of the organization and exhibit Organization Citizenship Behaviour (OCB)

scholarly journals A Study of Affective Information Detection in Rich Multimedia Content

2021 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. S127-S128
Author(s):  
Xihao Zhang ◽  
Gan Huang ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Linling Li ◽  
Zhiguo Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multimedia Content ◽  
Information Detection ◽  
Affective Information

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Endotoxin Activity Level and Various Biomarkers for Infection and Outcome of ICU-Admitted Patients

Biomedicines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Toshiaki Ikeda ◽  
Hidenobu Kamohara ◽  
Shingo Suda ◽  
Takeo Nagura ◽  
Mikiko Tomino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Patient Survival ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Survival Outcome ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Endotoxin Activity ◽  
Multiple Biomarkers ◽  
Highly Correlated

Here, we concurrently measured the endotoxin activity (EA) level and levels of multiple biomarkers in patient blood obtained within 24 h after being admitted into the intensive care unit (ICU) and analyzed whether there were links between these markers and their associations with patient conditions and outcomes. The EA levels highly correlated with disease severity and patient survival, and showed a significant positive association with levels of lactate, procalcitonin, presepsin, and interleukin-6. Notably, the EA level was the marker that most highly correlated with the results of blood culture, and the presepsin level was the marker most highly correlated with the survival outcome at 28 days. Thus, the optimal biomarker should be selected based on whether it will be used to discriminate the presence of an infection or to predict survival.

scholarly journals Genetic Variability in Root and Shoot Growth Characteristics of Peanut1,2

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Ketring ◽  
W. R. Jordan ◽  
O. D. Smith ◽  
C. E. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Parameters ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Highly Correlated

Abstract The shape and extent of root systems influence the rate and pattern of nutrient and water uptake from the soil. In dicotyledons such as peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), the primary root and its laterals constitute the main root system. Rooting trait differences in some crops have been associated with drought tolerance. Our objective in this study was to determine if variation in root length and number occurs among peanut genotypes. In one test, shoot and root growth of 23 genotypes (12 spanish and 11 virginia types) were compared in the greenhouse at 55 days after planting using clear acrylic tubes 7.5 cm in diameter and 2.2 m in length. Shoot dry weight, leaf area, tap root length, and root number at 1 m depth ranged for spanish-type entries from 1.23 to 2.65 g, 214 to 409 cm2, 95.0 to 186.8 cm, and 1.0 to 3.1, respectively. Similarly, ranges for virginia-type entries were 1.35 to 3.23 g, 135 to 460 cm2, 122.4 to 192.6 cm, and 1.0 to 7.1. Correlations between shoot and root parameters indicated strong positive association between aerial and subterranean growth. However, the relationship of leaf area to root length was stronger for virginia- than for spanish-type entries. Root length and numbers were highly correlated for spanish, but not for virginia entries. In other tests that included two each of virginia-, spanish-, and valencia-type entries, similar results were found for plants at 34 and 47 days after planting. Significant differences in both root (length and numbers) and shoot growth (dry weight and leaf area) were found among the genotypes tested. Inherent differences in root growth rate were evident at early stages of seedling growth. The results from this sample of peanut germplasm indicate that there is considerable diversity in root growth and there is high shoot/root growth association.

scholarly journals Quantitative Correlation of Salivary Streptococcus Mutans Count Amongst Siblings and their Mothers

2017 ◽  
Vol 05 (02) ◽  
pp. 090-096
Author(s):  
Paramdeep Singh ◽  
Avninder Kaur ◽  
Neerja Kakkar ◽  
Manjeet Kaur ◽  
Shivesh Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Plaque Score ◽  
Quantitative Correlation ◽  
The Family ◽  
Related Individuals ◽  
Highly Correlated

Abstract Aim: The present study was planned to analyze quantitative correlation of salivary Streptococcus Mutans (S. Mutans) in siblings and their mothers. Materials and Methods: Quantitative analysis of S. Mutans in saliva was performed using Dentocult SM strip mutans kit (Orion Diagnostica, Helsinki, Finland) in closely related members of the family i.e. siblings along with their mothers. Results: S. Mutans count between the siblings showed positive correlation which was statistically highly significant. The younger childrens’ S. Mutans count was very highly correlated (rs = 0.711) with the mothers’ as compared to that of the older children (rs = 0.412). The S. Mutans count was found to be associated with caries score and was statistically significant. A statistically highly significant positive association was also found with the plaque score. Conclusion: The correlation between the S. Mutans count of related individuals has been reaffirmed. S. Mutans is positively associated with dental caries.

scholarly journals Lactic acid as a major contributor to hand surface infection barrier and its association with morbidity to infectious disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Nishioka ◽  
Kenichi Nagano ◽  
Yoshitaka Koga ◽  
Yasuhiro Okada ◽  
Ichiro Mori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Human Hand ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Natural Antimicrobial ◽  
History Of ◽  
Medical Histories ◽  
Highly Correlated

AbstractAlthough the surface of the human hands contains high antimicrobial activity, studies investigating the precise components involved and the relationship between natural antimicrobial activity and morbidity in infectious diseases are limited. In this study, we developed a method to quantitatively measure the antimicrobial activity of hand surface components. Using a clinical survey, we validated the feasibility of our method and identified antimicrobial factors on the surface of the human hand. In a retrospective observational study, we compared the medical histories of the participants to assess infectious diseases. We found that the antimicrobial activity on the surface of the hands was significantly lower in the high morbidity group (N = 55) than in the low morbidity group (N = 54), indicating a positive association with the history of infection in individuals. A comprehensive analysis of the hand surface components indicated that organic acids, especially lactic acid and antimicrobial peptides, are highly correlated with antimicrobial activity. Moreover, the application of lactic acid using the amount present on the surface of the hand significantly improved the antimicrobial activity. These findings suggest that hand hygiene must be improved to enhance natural antimicrobial activity on the surface of the hands.

scholarly journals The butterfly effect: amplification of local changes along the temporal processing hierarchy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Yeshurun ◽  
M Nguyen ◽  
U. Hasson
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Processing ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Situation Model ◽  
Neural Mechanism ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Word Use ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
High Level ◽  
Substantial Change ◽  
The Brain

AbstractChanging just a few words in a story can induce a substantial change in the overall narrative. How does the brain accumulate and process local and sparse changes, creating a unique situation model of the story, over the course of a real-life narrative? Recently, we mapped a hierarchy of processing timescales in the brain: from early sensory areas that integrate information over 10s-100s ms, to high-order areas that integrate information over many seconds to minutes. Based on this hierarchy, we hypothesize that early sensory areas would be sensitive to local changes in word use, but that there will be increasingly divergent neural responses along the processing hierarchy as higher-order areas accumulate and amplify these local changes. To test this hypothesis, we created two structurally related but interpretively distinct narratives by changing some individual words. We found that the neural response distance between the stories was amplified as story information is transferred from low-level regions (e.g. early auditory cortex) to high-level regions (e.g precuneus and prefrontal cortex) and that the neural difference between stories is highly correlated with an area’s ability to integrate information over time. Our results suggest a neural mechanism by which two similar situations become easy to distinguish.

scholarly journals Enhanced Bottom-Up and Reduced Top-Down fMRI Activity Is Related to Long-Lasting Nonreinforced Behavioral Change

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 858-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rotem Botvinik-Nezer ◽  
Tom Salomon ◽  
Tom Schonberg
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Change ◽  
Neural Mechanism ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Neural Representation ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Approach Training ◽  
Term Change

Abstract Behavioral change studies and interventions focus on self-control and external reinforcements to influence preferences. Cue-approach training (CAT) has been shown to induce preference changes lasting months by merely associating items with neutral cues and speeded responses. We utilized this paradigm to study neural representation of preferences and their modification without external reinforcements. We scanned 36 participants with fMRI during a novel passive viewing task before, after and 30 days following CAT. We preregistered the predictions that activity in memory, top-down attention, and value-processing regions will underlie preference modification. While most theories associate preferences with prefrontal regions, we found that “bottom-up” perceptual mechanisms were associated with immediate change, whereas reduced “top-down” parietal activity was related to long-term change. Activity in value-related prefrontal regions was enhanced immediately after CAT for trained items and 1 month after for all items. Our findings suggest a novel neural mechanism of preference representation and modification. We suggest that nonreinforced change of preferences occurs initially in perceptual representation of items, putatively leading to long-term changes in “top-down” processes. These findings offer implementation of bottom-up instead of top-down targeted interventions for long-lasting behavioral change.

scholarly journals Alcohol Activates a Sucrose-Responsive Gustatory Neural Pathway

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 536-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian H. Lemon ◽  
Susan M. Brasser ◽  
David V. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Neural Representation ◽  
Taste Receptors ◽  
Sweet Taste Receptors ◽  
Strong Positive Association ◽  
Evoked Activity

A strong positive association exists between the ingestion of alcohol and sweet-tasting solutions. The neural mechanisms underlying this relationship are unknown, although recent data suggest that gustatory substrates are involved. Here, we examined the role of sweet taste receptors and central neural circuits for sugar taste in the gustatory processing of ethanol. Taste responses to ethanol (3, 5, 10, 15, 25, and 40% vol/vol) and stimuli of different taste qualities (e.g., sucrose, NaCl, HCl, and quinine-HCl) were recorded from neurons of the nucleus of the solitary tract in anesthetized rats prior to and after oral application of the sweet receptor blocker gurmarin. The magnitude of ethanol-evoked activity was compared between sucrose-responsive ( n = 21) and sucrose-unresponsive ( n = 20) neurons and the central neural representation of ethanol taste was explored using multivariate analysis. Ethanol produced robust concentration-dependent responses in sucrose-responsive neurons that were dramatically larger than those in sucrose-unresponsive cells. Gurmarin selectively and similarly inhibited ethanol and sucrose responses, leaving NaCl, HCl, and quinine responses unaltered. Across-neuron patterns of response to ethanol were most similar to those evoked by sucrose, becoming increasingly more so as the ethanol concentration was raised. Results implicate taste receptors for sucrose as candidate receptors for ethanol and reveal that alcohol and sugar taste are represented similarly by gustatory activity in the CNS. These findings have important implications for the sensory and reward properties of alcohol.

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