scholarly journals The R346K Mutation in the Mu Variant of SARS-CoV-2 Alter the Interactions with Monoclonal Antibodies from Class 2: A Free Energy of Perturbation Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip Fratev
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
World Health ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Similar Reduction ◽  
The World ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Health Organization

The Mu variant of SARS-CoV-2 has been recently classified as a variant of interest (VOI) by the world health organization (WHO) but limited data are available at the moment. In particular, a special attention was given to the R346K mutation located in the receptor binding domain (RBD). In the current study we performed Free energy of perturbation (FEP) calculations to elucidate it possible impact on a set of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) which have been shown to be strong inhibitors of the most other known COVID-19 variants. Our results show that R346K affects the class 2 antibodies but its effect is not so significant (0.66 kcal/mol); i.e. reduces the binding with RBD about 3 times. An identical value was calculated also in the presence of both class 1 and class 2 antibodies (BD-812/836). Further, a similar reduction in the binding (0.4 kcal/mol) was obtained for BD-821/771 pair of mAbs. For comparison, the addition of K417N mutation, present in the newly registered Mu variant in July 2021 in UK, affected the class 1 mAbs by 1.29 kcal/mol reducing stronger the binding by about 10 times. Thus, the resistance effect of R346K mutation in the Mu variant is possible but not so significant and is due to the additional decrease of antibody neutralization based on the reduced binding of class 2 antibodies.

scholarly journals Gestación y nacimiento de panendemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Javier Idrovo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
World Health ◽  
Intermediate Step ◽  
International Response ◽  
The World ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Very High

Words are born, compete with each other, and some die, showing the language dynamics and the influence of historical contexts1. During 2020, the meaning of the word pandemic has been discussed and a new meaning has emerged2,3. Traditionally in epidemiology, “pandemic” was used when in a relatively short time, there was a widespread geographical distribution of a disease, including some countries and continents4, which contrasts with the moment when the World Health Organization decided to decree it for the COVID-19 pandemic. In this case, the criteria indicated by the classic epidemiological definition were met several days before the pandemic was declared. Even an intermediate step was to declare Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) understood as: “an extraordinary event which ‘constitute[s] a public health risk to other States through international spread of disease and…potentially require[s] a coordinated international response”5. In this way, potential panic was controlled, and the word pandemic was left for circumstances that require the maximum attention of all States, for a joint response, given its very high potential for disease and death.

scholarly journals Preparedness and Response Efforts to Fight against COVID-19 in Sub-Saharan Africa: Challenges and Opportunities

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
World Health ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Laboratory Facility ◽  
The World ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Health Organization

In late December the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 as global pandemic and needs international concern. As the novel corona virus rages through the world and spreads rapidly Africa is the least-affected continent at the moment. Sub-Saharan Africa is the home of more than one billion populations with fragile health system which is prone for the epidemic to occur. But Ebola experience left many African countries better prepared. We were searching all sources of the website related to preparation and prevention of COVID-19 in sub-Sahara Africa countries. Most African countries have established laboratory facility and implement the recommendations that terminate the outbreak COVID-19.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 in Pregnancy: A Comprehensive Summary of Current Guidelines

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavita Narang ◽  
Eniola R. Ibirogba ◽  
Amro Elrefaei ◽  
Ayssa Teles Abrao Trad ◽  
Regan Theiler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
World Health ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Serious Infection ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Current Guidelines ◽  
In Pregnancy

Since the declaration of the global pandemic of COVID-19 by the World Health Organization on 11 March 2020, we have continued to see a steady rise in the number of patients infected by SARS-CoV-2. However, there is still very limited data on the course and outcomes of this serious infection in a vulnerable population of pregnant patients and their fetuses. International perinatal societies and institutions including SMFM, ACOG, RCOG, ISUOG, CDC, CNGOF, ISS/SIEOG, and CatSalut have released guidelines for the care of these patients. We aim to summarize these current guidelines in a comprehensive review for patients, healthcare workers, and healthcare institutions. We included 15 papers from 10 societies through a literature search of direct review of society’s websites and their journal publications up till 20 April 2020. Recommendations specific to antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum were abstracted from the publications and summarized into Tables. The summary of guidelines for the management of COVID-19 in pregnancy across different perinatal societies is fairly consistent, with some variation in the strength of recommendations. It is important to recognize that these guidelines are frequently updated, as we continue to learn more about the course and impact of COVID-19 in pregnancy.

scholarly journals The Great Masquerader: Tuberculosis Presenting as Community-Acquired Pneumonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (04) ◽  
pp. 592-604
Author(s):  
Keertan Dheda ◽  
Edson Makambwa ◽  
Aliasgar Esmail
Keyword(s):  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
World Health ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
The World ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Tract Infections

AbstractAccording to World Health Organization estimates, tuberculosis (TB) and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are both among the top 10 global causes of death. TB and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), if mortality estimates are combined, would rank as the third most common cause of death globally. It is estimated that each year there are approximately 10 million new cases of TB that are associated with approximately 1.2 million deaths, and almost 450 million new episodes of LRTI (synonymous with CAP) with approximately 4 million associated deaths. Globally, Streptococcus pneumoniae remains the most common cause of CAP. However, although well documented, it is not widely appreciated that in several parts of the world, including sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, and South America, Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an important cause of CAP, if not the most common organism isolated in such settings. Thus, CAP due to M. tuberculosis is not uncommon in some parts of the world with up to a third of cases being attributable to M. tuberculosis. Consequently, TB remains an important clinical entity in the intensive care unit in these settings. Despite its frequency and importance, there are very limited data about TB CAP. In this review we discussed the epidemiology, immunopathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, management, prognosis, and prevention of TB CAP. The utility of newer diagnostic approaches is highlighted.

scholarly journals Potential Antiviral Options against SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Ianevski ◽  
Rouan Yao ◽  
Mona Høysæter Fenstad ◽  
Svetlana Biza ◽  
Eva Zusinaite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Neutralization Assay ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Emerging Treatments ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Respiratory Coronavirus

As of June 2020, the number of people infected with severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to skyrocket, with more than 6.7 million cases worldwide. Both the World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations (UN) has highlighted the need for better control of SARS-CoV-2 infections. However, developing novel virus-specific vaccines, monoclonal antibodies and antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2 can be time-consuming and costly. Convalescent sera and safe-in-man broad-spectrum antivirals (BSAAs) are readily available treatment options. Here, we developed a neutralization assay using SARS-CoV-2 strain and Vero-E6 cells. We identified the most potent sera from recovered patients for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. We also screened 136 safe-in-man broad-spectrum antivirals against the SARS-CoV-2 infection in Vero-E6 cells and identified nelfinavir, salinomycin, amodiaquine, obatoclax, emetine and homoharringtonine. We found that a combination of orally available virus-directed nelfinavir and host-directed amodiaquine exhibited the highest synergy. Finally, we developed a website to disseminate the knowledge on available and emerging treatments of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Report of Positive Placental Swabs for SARS-CoV-2 in an Asymptomatic Pregnant Woman with COVID-19

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Ferraiolo ◽  
Fabio Barra ◽  
Chiara Kratochwila ◽  
Michele Paudice ◽  
Valerio Gaetano Vellone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
World Health ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Pharyngeal Swab ◽  
The World ◽  
Maternal And Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Maternal Fetal Transmission ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Conclusive Data

Currently, limited data on maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with infection and pneumonia related to SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are available. Our report aims to describe a case of placental swabs positive for the molecular research on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 RNA in an asymptomatic woman with positive rhino-pharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2 who underwent an urgent cesarean section in our obstetrics unit. Sample collection, processing, and laboratory testing were conducted in accordance with the World Health Organization (WHO) guidance. In the next months, conclusive data on obstetrical outcomes concerning the gestational age and pregnancy comorbidity as well as the eventual maternal–fetal transmission are needed.

scholarly journals Medical and social rehabilitation for new coronavirus infection (covid-19). temporal methodological recommendations of the Russian Federation and European countries (literature review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Elena Y. Lapina ◽  
Anatoly A. Yakushev
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
International Committee ◽  
World Health ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Health Organization

At the end of 2019, the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) faced an outbreak of a new coronavirus infection, the causative agent of which was given the name 2019-nCoV. Subsequently, the World Health Organization (WHO) on February 11, 2020 gave the official name of the infection COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019). The International Committee for Taxonomy of Viruses has named the causative agent SARS-CoV-2. The virus quickly spread throughout the world and acquired the status of an epidemic. It was necessary to develop algorithms for rapid diagnosis, provision of specialized medical care, as well as rehabilitation and prevention of recurrence. At the moment, all data is accumulated in real time. And the information on rehabilitation and prevention of re-infection is completely minimal.

scholarly journals Monoclonal antibodies in COVID-19 management: a scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1215
Author(s):  
Umayal Adaikkalavan ◽  
Jeeja Mathummal Cherumanalil ◽  
Salwa Pannikkottuthodi ◽  
Hasna Poovancheri
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
World Health ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared as pandemic on March 11th 2020 by the world health organization (WHO). Vaccination is for preventing COVID-19 morbidity but when people are infected, treatment is required and even after one and half years the effective cure is yet to be discovered. In this context monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are promising innovative therapeutic agents in controlling COVID-19 infection. Researchers have found more than 50 mAbs against COVID-19 and they are at different stages of development.  Scientists are pacing the research on mAbs. mAbs are innovative therapeutic agents in this context a scoping narrative review was done. At present we have evidences from numerous randomized controlled trials (RCT) on mAbs in effective control of respiratory and coagulation related complications due to COVID-19 infection. Many have got emergency use approval and few of which were withdrawn due to absence of enough evidences or adverse reactions. Examples are bamlanivimab, etesevimab, casirivimab and imdevimab. Other than these many investigational (mAbs) are under scrutiny. With the current evidences the article will give an insight to new and repurposed mAbs which are still under investigation in the management of COVID-19 infections.

scholarly journals Preparedness, raising the level of preparedness and enhancing contemporary prevention methods to get rid of the risks of deadly health crises and their implications for the health of workers

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hani Fadhil jumaah Al Shawi
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
World Health ◽  
Maximum Benefit ◽  
The World ◽  
Administrative Information ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Prevention Methods ◽  
High Degree

This study came to emphasize the importance of health promotion at the present time in all parts of the universe due to the federal movement witnessing the challenges of the Corona virus that originated from the Chinese city of Wuhan and spread in all countries of the world with amazing and terrifying speed (for bacterial, parasitic and viral causes) despite the WHO assurances Globalization with a high degree of responsibility, and this was evidenced by the calls and appeals of leaders of health organizations in the world for prevention, awareness, discussions and advice that they gave to all of humanity, as the virus has infected most of the world without exception between developed and developing countries alike. (In his speech, Tiedros Adhanom Gebresus is Secretary-General of the World Health Organization: February 27, 2020).As the virus evolved from the respiratory syndrome of the Middle East caused by cats to SARS, who moved between camels to Ebola and then developed to the most dangerous corona, which is transmitted between humans through touch, spray and breath, which has exceeded cases in the world to more than 600,000 patients with a confirmed infection And over 26 countries in the world until March 2020 and from here the researcher eagerly awaits the moment when investors announce their willingness to embrace any innovation related to the recovery from these epidemics. It is a logical result stemming from the feeling of great dismay that has caused mankind in recent times as a result of the outbreak of the Corona epidemic and the massive series of panic in all parts of the globe that left behind and the confusion that made the need to invent vaccines and ways to spread awareness in a timely and instant manner and seize the finest federal concept between the administration and the media related to the hadith The time is "Participate in the comprehensive awareness campaign and the highest levels of caution and caution" To achieve maximum benefit from it in combating, preventing, sterilizing, and identifying the most important pillars upon which it is based, and then showing the health benefits of workers in local organizations with a view to preserving them, and to achieve the desired benefit in sounding the work and promoting it with health by integrating administrative and health concepts with each other and circulating them through disseminating them Seminars and conferences in a manner that achieves the desired goal above:- So this effort was divided as follows. Part one: - will cover the systematic aspect of the studyThe second part: - He will be interested in presenting the concept, benefits and pillars of the essential participation. Part Three: - He will examine the concepts of health promotion activities for institutions.Part Four: - Examination and testing the feasibility of including the concept of substantive participation and activities of the health promotion unit...Part Five: - Results, Conclusions and Recommendations.The study recommended the necessity of disseminating the health information in addition to the administrative information in all institutions and segments of society in order to address firmly the prejudiced rumors and ideas aimed at impeding the administrative and health growth in our local institutions

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document