The role of multi-generational household clusters in COVID-19 in England

Background Household transmission has been demonstrated to be an important factor in the population-level growth of COVID-19. UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) maintains data on positive tests for COVID-19 and the residential addresses of cases. We sought to use this information to characterise clusters of COVID-19 in multi-generational households in England. Methods Using cross-sectional design, cases of COVID-19 were assigned to clusters if they occurred in the same residential property in a 14-day rolling window. Patient demographic data were supplemented with reference to the ONS index of multiple deprivation and population density. Multi-generational households were defined as a cluster with at least three people, with one case in a person who was 0-16 years old and one case in a person who was ≥ 60 years old, with at least 16 years between two members of each age group. Results A total of 3,647,063 COVID-19 cases were reported between 01 April 2020 and 20 May 2021. Of these, 1,980,527 (54.3 %) occurred in residential clusters. Multi-generational households formed 1.5 % of clusters, with these more likely to occur in areas of higher population density and higher relative deprivation. Multi-generational clusters were more common among households of non-White ethnicity and formed larger clusters than non-multi-generational clusters (median cluster size 6, IQR 4-11 vs 3, IQR 3-4, respectively). Conclusion Multi-generational clusters were not highly prevalent in England during the study period, however were more common in certain populations.

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Aksesibilitas Mahasiswa Kesehatan dan Mahasiswa Non Kesehatan Strata S-1 Universitas Airlangga terhadap Program Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional

Jurnal Administrasi Kesehatan Indonesia ◽

10.20473/jaki.v6i1.2018.7-14 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 7

Author(s):

Ulfia Hazna Safira

Keyword(s):

Community Participation ◽

Health Facility ◽

National Health ◽

Observational Research ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health Security ◽

Agents Of Change ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

Lack Of Knowledge

The participant of National Health Security in October 2016 still reached 66,11% of population. Public and students knowledge about benefits and uses of National Health Security still low. The lack of knowledge, used, and community participation showed the lack of community accessibility in National Health Security program. Students as agents of change are expected to make National Health Security success The objectives of this research was to analyze the differences of health student’s accessibility and non-helath student’s accesssibility to National Health Security program. The method of this research used online questionnairre with analytic type of research used observational research and cross sectional design. The results showed there were differences of accessibility between health students and non-health students based on knowledge aspect, proximity of health facility that accept National Health Security, perception of the importance of National Health Security, National Health Security participants, utilization of National Health Security, ease of National Health Security used, affordability of National Health Security, and satisfaction of National Health Security. Meanwhile health students accessibility with non-health students did not have differences on ease of gets information aspect, accomodation availability, and perception of the accuracy of National Health Security program.Keywords: accessibility, national health security, students

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Abstract 164: Treatment Differences in Acute Stroke By Mode of Transport

Circulation Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes ◽

10.1161/circoutcomes.5.suppl_1.a164 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Prasanthi Govindarajan ◽

Anisha Chandra ◽

David Ghilarducci ◽

Steve Shiboski ◽

Barbara Grimes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Stroke ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Patient Discharge ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Primary Diagnosis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Discharge Data ◽

Patient Demographic Data ◽

Mode Of Transport ◽

Time Of Admission

Background: EMS (Emergency Medical Services) is an important component of the stroke chain of survival. While in hospital stroke time targets have shown to be better when prehospital providers provide advance notification, population-wide studies on thrombolysis rates (IV t-PA) for those who arrive by EMS is sparse. Objective: To examine differences in treatment rates for acute stroke by mode of transport. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of all patients who were transported to hospitals in two Northern California counties by providers of a single EMS agency during a three year period. Patient demographic data, prehospital provider clinical assessment was obtained from the computerized prehospital transport records and patient location, hospital demographics, physician diagnosis and treatment rates were obtained from statewide administrative patient discharge data. The data sources were linked using probabilistic linkage methodology. Patients ≥18 years of age with validated ICD- 9 code for stroke were included. We excluded inter-facility transports and direct admissions. Results: Of 10,456 patients who had a hospital based discharge diagnosis of stroke, 3787 (36%) were transported by EMS. Mean age at the time of admission was 75 years (+/- 14); 55% (2093) were females, 65% (2471) were whites and 86% (3247) were Hispanics. Most of the patients had Medicare (72%, 2737) and 92% (3471) were transported from home. Majority of the patients were treated at stroke centers [n=3014, (80%)]) and at community hospitals [n=3664, (97%)]. Of 3757 patients with a primary diagnosis of stroke, 4% (150) were treated with IV t-PA. After controlling for covariates, patients transported by EMS had higher odds of treatment with IV t-PA (OR 2.6, 95 CI 1.9-3.3). Treatment at stroke centers (OR 1.5, 95 CI 1-2.2) and academic centers were independently associated with treatment rates (OR 2.4, 95 CI 1.6-3.6). Conclusions: Arrival by EMS to emergency department is associated with higher treatment rates with thrombolytics for acute stroke patients and efforts should be targeted to improve use of EMS for stroke.

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Cultural Competency Among Pediatric Registered Nurses in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Design

Journal of Transcultural Nursing ◽

10.1177/1043659620960781 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 104365962096078

Author(s):

Manal F. Alharbi ◽

Manal H. Alhamlan ◽

Ahmad E. Aboshaiqah

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Cultural Competence ◽

Cultural Competency ◽

Cultural Awareness ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Self Report ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lack Of Information ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

High Level

Introduction Saudi Arabia’s culturally diverse population is growing rapidly. The need for cultural competence is greatest in pediatric units where nurses provide care to children in collaboration with their parents. Method Nonprobability sampling of 394 nurses and cross-sectional descriptive design was used to investigate nurses’ cultural competence, and to examine the relationships between the variables and participants’ demographic data in pediatric units across five hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, by asking nurses to complete a self-report questionnaire. Results The results suggest a high degree of cultural competency. Participants’ scores indicated high levels of perceived cultural awareness, sensitivity, and cultural competence behavior for performance. Discussion This study supports the 3-D Puzzle Model of culturally congruent care for cultural competence, which assumes that cultural competence is deeply influenced by one’s experiences. The findings revealed a high level of cultural competence despite a lack of information with respect to patient views.

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BASELINE DRIVING MILEAGE PREDICTS STATE-REPORTED CRASHES ACROSS 5 YEARS

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igz038.1242 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S343-S343

Author(s):

Junyan Tian ◽

Sara A Freed ◽

Lesley Ross

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Population Density ◽

The United States ◽

Future Research ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Healthy Older Adults ◽

Crash Data ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

Testing Site

Abstract Although annual driving mileage has frequently been examined as a predictor of crashes among older adults, most research used cross-sectional design and relied on self-reported crash data. This study used multivariate regression to examine the number of state reported at-fault crashes between groups of low (14,000km) self-reported annual distance over five years. Additionally, key factors of interest including age, gender, and population density were examined as predictors. The sample included 519 healthy older adults aged 65-90 (M=73.17, SD=5.56) across five sites in the United States. 12% of participants experienced a crash across five years, and among those who crashed, the majority (87%) experienced one crash (range 0-3 crashes). After controlling for age, gender and testing site, people in the high annual mileage group had a greater number of crashes compared to the low mileage group (β=.14, t(513)=2.37, p=.02). There was not a significant difference in number of prospective crashes between the low and medium group. Also, people who drove in sites with low population density had more crashes than those who in high population density sites (β=.10, t(513)=2.24, p=.03). Higher age was associated with a greater number of prospective crashes (β=.01, t(513)=3.67, p =.002); however, gender was not a significant predictor of crashes. Our results highlight the importance of examining prospective crashes over time, and taking mileage and population density into consideration. Future research should examine trajectories of driving exposure in relation to prospective crashes using multilevel modeling.

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Effective response to a regional outbreak of COVID-19 – Experience of a tertiary emergency center

Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness ◽

10.1017/dmp.2021.278 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-26

Author(s):

Sungbae Moon ◽

Hyun Wook Ryoo ◽

Jae Wan Cho ◽

Haewon Jung

Keyword(s):

Emergency Department ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Length Of Hospital Stay ◽

Treatment Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Effective Response ◽

Emergency Center ◽

More Care ◽

Patient Demographic Data ◽

Screening Clinic

Abstract Objective: This study evaluates the usefulness, safety, and outcomes of operating a pretriage screening clinic and an expanded preemptive quarantine area in the ED during a regional COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional, retrospective study conducted in a single institution. General patient demographic data, initial vital sign, symptoms, and patient outcome was collected from January to March of 2020. Data were compared according to the implementation of a new protocol involving pretriage screening and risk stratification. Outcome was also analyzed according to quarantine areas, including conventional, negative pressured, cohort, or preemptive quarantine area. Results: The pretriage clinic lowered the volume of low severity patients entering emergency department. Preemptive and cohort quarantine area provided more care to febrile patients compared to conventional quarantine area with longer length of hospital stay and lower mortality. After implementing the new protocol, emergency department in the study hospital was not closed again. Conclusions: In a regional outbreak of an epidemic, pretriage clinic safely screened infectious patients from entering ED. Expanded preemptive quarantine area increased surge capacity on quarantine area. An infectious disease protocol implementing two treatment area may contribute to preserve and maintain ED function.

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Seroepidemiological Study of Hepatitis A in Medical Students of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences in 2019

Tabari Biomedical Student Research Journal ◽

10.18502/tbsrj.v3i4.7795 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Saman Shirazinia ◽

Navid Reza Shayan ◽

Negin Ghiyasi Moghaddam ◽

Nima Ameli ◽

Shahriar Alian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Hepatitis A ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Underlying Disease ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Vaccination History ◽

Previous Infection ◽

Patient Demographic Data ◽

History Of

Introduction: Hepatitis A (HA) is a common infectious disease caused by the HA virus that primarily affects the liver. We need to determine the safety status and infection rate in the community. Therefore, we decided to study the Seroepidemiological of HA in medical students of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences in 2019.Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study prospectively examining anti-HAV antibodies in medical students of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences in 2019. Patient demographic data, laboratory results of anti-HAV IgG and vaccination history were recorded. Four cc of blood were drawn from each student for the anti-HAV IgG test and after the test was performed. Data were analyzed using SPSS 24 software.Results: One hundred and fifty-five students were interviewed. The mean age (standard deviation) of the students in this study was 23.81 (1.47) years. Ninety-nine (63.9%) of the students were male. Therefore, it was caused by previous infection with HAV and 120 (77.4%) cases were considered susceptible individuals whose serum anti-HAV IgG was negative. This was not seen to be statistically significant (P=0.754). According to the test, 77.4% of the predictions were correct. None of the variables of sex, age, history of underlying disease, place of residence, and history of travel had a significant effect on the incidence and positivity of anti-HAV IgG.Conclusion: This study showed that the incidence of anti-HAV IgG was positive in 22.6% of the students, which is much lower than previous studies. This may be due to the higher level of health in this segment of the population.

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Associations with worry about dying and hopelessness in ambulatory ovarian cancer patients

Palliative & Supportive Care ◽

10.1017/s1478951509990228 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 299-306 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Eileen Huh Shinn ◽

Cindy L. Carmack Taylor ◽

Kelly Kilgore ◽

Alan Valentine ◽

Diane C. Bodurka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Cancer ◽

End Of Life ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Well Being ◽

Psychosocial Variables ◽

Advanced Cancer Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

White Ethnicity ◽

Independent Association ◽

Cross Sectional Design

AbstractObjective: Women with ovarian cancer face a poor prognosis, with prolonged periods of treatment but relatively high levels of physical functioning. Their thoughts and feelings regarding the prospect of dying are complex and have not been adequately studied. Various demographic, medical and psychosocial factors were examined to determine their independent associations with fear of dying and hopelessness in a cross-sectional design.Method: Two hundred fifty-four ovarian cancer patients were assessed at the beginning of a new chemotherapy regimen. Separate logistic regressions were performed for worry about dying and loss of hope. For each analysis, psychosocial variables were entered after the demographic and medical variables to determine whether the psychosocial variables had an independent association with the respective outcome.Results: Fifty-five percent of the sample acknowledged fear of dying, and 31.6% acknowledged loss of hope in the fight against their illness. Being younger (p = .001), being of non-Hispanic White ethnicity (p = .026), and having poorer physical well-being (p = .000) were significantly associated with worry about dying after controlling for all other variables in the model. Regarding loss of hope, depressive symptoms (p = .002), lack of social support/well-being (p = .001), and number of treatments (p = .04) were significant.Significance of results: This is one of the largest studies to examine end-of-life concerns in a sample of advanced cancer patients. Our results underscore the importance of demographic and psychosocial variables in the examination of ovarian cancer patients' end-of-life concerns. Their fears and concerns should be openly acknowledged, even when the clinical focus is still on curative treatment.

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Resilience affecting the recurrence rate of schizophrenia patients in health community centre, Gamping 2, Sleman, Yogyakarta

Jurnal Ners dan Kebidanan Indonesia ◽

10.21927/jnki.2021.9(1).16-20 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 16

Author(s):

Fiki Aji Nurcahyati ◽

Mulyanti Ners ◽

Rosma Fyki Kamala

Keyword(s):

Random Sampling ◽

Quantitative Research ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health Community ◽

Schizophrenic Patients ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

Community Centre

Background: The rate of recurrence level in schizophrenia patients is still high. Schizophrenic patients experience various decreases in cognitive, emotional, social behavior, and brain functions, so that an optimal attitude of resilience is needed. Schizophrenic patients with good resilience can reduce the risk of recurrence.Objectives: The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between resilience and recurrence rate of schizophrenia patients in Health Community Centre, Gamping 2, Sleman.Methods: This research was a quantitative research with a cross sectional design. Sampling technique used is simple random sampling. There were 44 schizophrenic patients for the sample in Health Community Centre, Gamping 2, Sleman, Yogyakarta. The instrument used was demographic data to measure recurrence, the CD-RISC10 questionnaire with the Kendall Tau test.Results: This research was a quantitative research with a cross sectional design. Sampling technique used is simple random sampling. There were 44 schizophrenic patients for the sample in Health Community Centre, Gamping 2, Sleman, Yogyakarta. The instrument used was demographic data to measure recurrence, the CD-RISC10 questionnaire with the Kendall Tau test.Conclusions: There is a relationship between resilience and recurrence on schizophrenia patients in Health Community Centre, Gamping 2, Sleman

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Knowledge and Attitude Toward Electric Toothbrush Use Among Dental Professionals in Saudi Arabia

Journal of Advanced Oral Research ◽

10.1177/2320206819845789 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 34-39

Author(s):

Reem Al-Kattan ◽

Nouf Al-Shibani

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Patient Compliance ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Population Level ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Oral Disease ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Postgraduate Students ◽

Electric Toothbrush ◽

Knowledge And Attitude

Background: Proper knowledge and awareness regarding electric toothbrushes may decrease the incidence of caries and indirectly reduce the burden of oral disease on the developing economy by preventing plaque-related disease on a population level. Aims and objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and attitude toward electric toothbrush use among dentist in Saudi Arabia. Materials and methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 417 dentists in Saudi Arabia. For this study, an interview-type questionnaire comprising 14 questions was designed. These questions were asked from different dentists randomly through a telephonic survey. The first part of the questionnaire was related to the basic demographic details of the dentists, that is, gender, age, type of practice, dental education, specialty, and experience, whereas the second part of the questionnaire was designed to extract the experience, attitude, and opinion of the dentists regarding electric toothbrushes. The data were compiled and analyzed using Statistical Product and Service Solutions, version 20 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Descriptive statistics were employed to calculate means and percentages for demographic data. Results: Among the dental participants, 171 (41.0%) were general practitioners, 163 (39.0%) were specialist, 23 (5.6%) were postgraduate students, and 60 (14.4%) were graduate dentists. A total of 271 (65%) respondents believed better patient compliance to be the main benefit of the electric toothbrush, whereas 325 (77.9%) respondents believed that poor patient compliance was the reason for patient’s poor plaque control. Similarly, 319 (76.5%) dentists endorsed patients with manual dexterity issues. Those dentists primarily recommended electric toothbrushes to patients with medical problems. Conclusions: Knowledge of dentists in Saudi Arabia is adequate regarding electric toothbrushes; efforts should be made to improve knowledge and awareness on the use of powered toothbrushes at the patients’ level.

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Children’s Anxiety and Factors Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Exploratory Study Using the Children’s Anxiety Questionnaire and the Numerical Rating Scale

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17165757 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (16) ◽

pp. 5757 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marla Garcia de Avila ◽

Pedro Hamamoto Filho ◽

Francine Jacob ◽

Léia Alcantara ◽

Malin Berghammer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Online Survey ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Numerical Rating Scale ◽

Population Level ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Social Distancing ◽

Numerical Rating ◽

Children’S Anxiety ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

Anxiety Questionnaire

The repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on children’s lives deserve attention. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of anxiety among Brazilian children and its associated factors during social distancing during COVID-19. We used a cross-sectional design with an online survey from April to May 2020 in Brazil. We included children aged 6–12 years and their guardians. The Children’s Anxiety Questionnaire (CAQ; scores 4–12) and the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS; scores 0–10) were used to measure anxiety. We enrolled 157 girls and 132 boys, with a mean age of 8.84 (±2.05) years; 88.9% of respondents were mothers. Based on CAQ ≥ 9, the prevalence of anxiety was 19.4% (n = 56), and higher among children with parents with essential jobs and those who were social distancing without parents. In logistic regression, the following variables were associated with higher CAQ scores: social distancing without parents; more persons living together in home; and education level of guardians. Based on NRS > 7, the prevalence of anxiety was 21.8% (n = 63); however, no associations with NRS scores were found with the investigated variables. These findings suggest the necessity of implementing public health actions targeting these parents and their children at the population level.

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