scholarly journals Disentangling the genetic basis of rhizosphere microbiome assembly in tomato

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben O Oyserman ◽  
Stalin Sarango Flores ◽  
Thom Griffioen ◽  
Elmar van der Wijk ◽  
Lotte Pronk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Plant Polysaccharides ◽  
Rhizosphere Microbiome ◽  
Iron Sulfur ◽  
Tomato Gene ◽  
Microbiome Assembly ◽  
Plant Microbiome

Microbiomes play a pivotal role in plant growth and health, but the genetic factors involved in microbiome assembly remain largely elusive. Here, 16S amplicon and metagenomic features of the rhizosphere microbiome were mapped as quantitative traits of a recombinant inbred line population of a cross between wild and domesticated tomato. Gene content analysis of prioritized tomato QTLs suggested a genetic basis for differential recruitment of various rhizobacterial lineages, including a Streptomyces-associated 6.31-Mbp region harboring tomato domestication sweeps and encoding, among others, the iron regulator FIT and the aquaporin SlTIP2.3. Within metagenome-assembled genomes of the rhizobacterial lineages Streptomyces and Cellvibrio, we identified microbial genes involved in metabolism of plant polysaccharides, iron, sulfur, trehalose, and vitamins, whose genetic variation associated with either modern or wild tomato QTLs. Integrating 'microbiomics' and quantitative plant genetics pinpointed putative plant and reciprocal microbial traits underlying microbiome assembly, thereby providing the first step towards plant-microbiome breeding programs.

scholarly journals Assessing the potential for assisted gene flow using past introduction of Norway spruce in Southern Sweden: Local adaptation and genetic basis of quantitative traits in trees

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Milesi ◽  
Mats Berlin ◽  
Jun Chen ◽  
Marion Orsucci ◽  
Lili Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Southern Sweden ◽  
Breeding Programs

AbstractNorway spruce (Picea abies) is a dominant conifer species of major economic importance in Northern Europe. Extensive breeding programs were established to improve phenotypic traits of interest. In southern Sweden seeds used to create progeny tests were collected on about 3000 trees of outstanding phenotype (“plus” trees) across the region. Some were of local origin but many were recent introductions from the rest of the natural range. The mixed origin of the trees together with partial sequencing of the exome of >1,500 of these trees and phenotypic data retrieved from the Swedish breeding program offered us a unique opportunity to dissect the genetic basis of local adaptation of three quantitative traits (height, diameter and budburst). Through a combination of multivariate analyses and genome-wide association studies, we showed that there was a very strong effect of geographical origin on growth (height and diameter) and phenology (budburst) with trees from southern origins outperforming local provenances. Association studies also indicated that growth traits were highly polygenic and budburst somewhat less. Hence, our results suggest that assisted gene flow and genomic selection approaches could help alleviating the effect of climate change on P. abies breeding programs in Sweden.

scholarly journals Can artificially selected phenotypes influence a component of field fitness? Thermal selection and fly performance under thermal extremes

2006 ◽  
Vol 274 (1611) ◽  
pp. 771-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torsten Nygaard Kristensen ◽  
Volker Loeschcke ◽  
Ary A Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Selected Lines ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
Correlated Patterns ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Evolutionary Trajectories ◽  
Low Performance ◽  
Selected Traits

Artificially selected lines are widely used to investigate the genetic basis of quantitative traits and make inferences about evolutionary trajectories. Yet, the relevance of selected traits to field fitness is rarely tested. Here, we assess the relevance of thermal stress resistance artificially selected in the laboratory to one component of field fitness by investigating the likelihood of adult Drosophila melanogaster reaching food bait under different temperatures. Lines resistant to heat reached the bait more often than controls under hot and cold conditions, but less often at intermediate temperatures, suggesting a fitness cost of increased heat resistance but not at temperature extremes. Cold-resistant lines were more common at baits than controls under cold as well as hot field conditions, and there was no cost at intermediate temperatures. One of the replicate heat-resistant lines was caught less often than the others under hot conditions. Direct and correlated patterns of responses in laboratory tests did not fully predict the low performance of the heat selected lines at intermediate temperatures, nor the high performance of the cold selected lines under hot conditions. Therefore, lines selected artificially not only behaved partly as expected based on laboratory assays but also evolved patterns only evident in the field releases.

Blood Uric Acid Level and IQ: A Study in Twin Families

1984 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Inouye ◽  
K.S. Park ◽  
A. Asaka
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Uric Acid Level ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Acid Level ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Plasma Uric Acid ◽  
Blood Uric Acid ◽  
Twin Children ◽  
Twin Families ◽  
Familial Environment

AbstractApplying newly devised model, heritability (VA/VP) of plasma uric acid level, corrected for age and sex and standardized, was estimated at 0.8 in families consisting of twin parents, spouses and children. Correlation between spouses due to common genotype (ρ) was approximately 0.1, and variance due to common familial environment (VEC/Vp) was -0.3. Analysis of families of selected twin children and their parents resulted in two estimates of heritability: approximately 0.7 and 0.3, ρ being 0.34 and 0.04, and VEC/Vp being 0.04 and 0.34, respectively. Regression of IQ (y) on corrected and standardized plasma uric acid level (x) in the twin children was y = 5.56x + 123, correlation being 0.334 (p < 0.025). The result indicates a genetic basis of blood uric acid level, which may have resulted from polymorphisms in purine metabolism pathway, end product of which is uric acid in man. The significant correlation between plasma uric acid level and IQ suggests a contribution of partly common gene loci to the two quantitative traits.

scholarly journals Editorial for Special Issue “Genetic Basis and Epidemiology of Myopathies”

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 2152
Author(s):  
Eleni Peristeri ◽  
Efthimios Dardiotis
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Future Studies

We are pleased to announce a Special Issue on the Genetic Basis and Epidemiology of Myopathies. This Special Issue is collecting papers pertaining to various lines of research focusing on the genetic basis and the epidemiology of myopathies. The Guest Editors’ note combines the contributing authors’ reviews and findings of relevant research, and we hope that future studies on myopathies will attempt to confirm these findings and, additionally, evaluate supplementary phenotypic and histological expressions of myopathies, as well as genetic factors in their pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity Studies in MAGIC Population of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) Based on Mahalanobis D2 Distance

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
Bidush Ranjan Swar ◽  
V. Swarnalatha ◽  
M. Rajendar Reddy ◽  
S. Vanisree
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Genetic Recombination ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Total Genetic Diversity ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Diversity Studies ◽  
100 Seed Weight ◽  
Number Of Branches

Soybean MAGIC lines are highly variable breeding material which utilizes both recent and historic genetic recombination events. Present investigation was carried out to assess the genetic diversity present among 95 soybean MAGIC lines along with six checks for 10 different quantitative traits. All the genotypes were grouped into 16 clusters by performing Tocher’s clustering method using Mahalanobis D2 distance. Cluster I was the largest comprising of 30 genotypes followed by cluster II (23 genotypes), cluster X (15 genotypes) and cluster IX (9 genotypes). The maximum genetic distance (D2) was observed between cluster XI and XV (168.37) followed by cluster III and XV (164.3), cluster X and XV (149.64) as well as between cluster XII and cluster XVI (145.99). The cluster mean for most of the traits were high in cluster I and cluster XVI. Oil content contributed maximum (23.86%) towards total genetic diversity followed by number of pods plant-1 (18.97%), seed yield plant-1 (18.63%), 100 seed weight (11.05%) and number of branches plant-1 (10.16%) traits. The soybean MAGIC lines belong to the cluster XI (6-120) and cluster XV (6-30, 6-31, 6-5) were found to be the most divergent hence can be utilised in the recombination breeding programs to exploit maximum heterosis.

scholarly journals Short communication: QTL mapping for ear tip-barrenness in maize

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. e07SC01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junqiang Ding ◽  
Jinliang Ma ◽  
Jiafa Chen ◽  
Tangshun Ai ◽  
Zhimin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Interval Mapping ◽  
Mapping Method ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Model Composite

Barren tip on corn ear is an important agronomic trait in maize, which is highly associated with grain yield. Understanding the genetic basis of tip-barrenness may help to reduce the ear tip-barrenness in breeding programs. In this study, ear tip-barrenness was evaluated in two environments in a F2:3 population, and it showed significant genotypic variation for ear tip-barrenness in both environments. Using mixed-model composite interval mapping method, three additive effects quantitative trait loci (QTL) for ear tip-barrenness were mapped on chromosomes 2, 3 and 6, respectively. They explained 16.6% of the phenotypic variation, and no significant QTL × Environment interactions and digenic interactions were detected. The results indicated that additive effect was the main genetic basis for ear tip-barrenness in maize. This is the first report of QTL mapped for ear tip-barrenness in maize.

scholarly journals A new source of root-knot nematode resistance from Arachis stenosperma incorporated into allotetraploid peanut (Arachis hypogaea)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Ballén-Taborda ◽  
Ye Chu ◽  
Peggy Ozias-Akins ◽  
Patricia Timper ◽  
C. Corley Holbrook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Snp Array ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Arachis Batizocoi ◽  
Lrr Protein

AbstractRoot-knot nematode is a very destructive pathogen, to which most peanut cultivars are highly susceptible. Strong resistance is present in the wild diploid peanut relatives. Previously, QTLs controlling nematode resistance were identified on chromosomes A02, A04 and A09 of Arachis stenosperma. Here, to study the inheritance of these resistance alleles within the genetic background of tetraploid peanut, an F2 population was developed from a cross between peanut and an induced allotetraploid that incorporated A. stenosperma, [Arachis batizocoi x A. stenosperma]4×. This population was genotyped using a SNP array and phenotyped for nematode resistance. QTL analysis allowed us to verify the major-effect QTL on chromosome A02 and a secondary QTL on A09, each contributing to a percentage reduction in nematode multiplication up to 98.2%. These were validated in selected F2:3 lines. The genome location of the large-effect QTL on A02 is rich in genes encoding TIR-NBS-LRR protein domains that are involved in plant defenses. We conclude that the strong resistance to RKN, derived from the diploid A. stenosperma, is transferrable and expressed in tetraploid peanut. Currently it is being used in breeding programs for introgressing a new source of nematode resistance and to widen the genetic basis of agronomically adapted peanut lines.

Molecular genetic pathways in Parkinson's disease: a review

2005 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shushant Jain ◽  
Nicholas W. Wood ◽  
Daniel G. Healy
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Mendelian Genetics ◽  
Susceptibility Factors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Major Progress ◽  
Made In

Major progress has been made in the last decade in understanding the genetic basis of PD (Parkinson's disease) with five genes unequivocally associated with disease. As a result, multiple pathways have been implicated in the pathogenesis of PD, including proteasome impairment and mitochondrial dysfunction. Although Mendelian genetics has been successful in establishing a genetic predisposition for familial PD, this has not been reiterated in the sporadic form. In fact no genetic factors have been unequivocally associated with increased risk for sporadic PD. The difficulty in identifying susceptibility factors in PD has not only been because of numerous underpowered studies, but we have been unable to dissect out the genetic component in a multifactorial disease. This review aims to summarize the genetic findings within PD.

scholarly journals An ultra-high-density map as a community resource for discerning the genetic basis of quantitative traits in maize

BMC Genomics ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongjun Liu ◽  
Yongchao Niu ◽  
Pedro J. Gonzalez-Portilla ◽  
Huangkai Zhou ◽  
Liya Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
High Density ◽  
Community Resource ◽  
Density Map

Study on CHADL as a candidate gene for comb growth traits in Partridge Shank roosters

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-461
Author(s):  
Yifan Liu ◽  
Yunjie Tu ◽  
Ming Zhang ◽  
Jianmin Zou ◽  
Gaige Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Secondary Sexual Characteristic ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sexual Characteristic

The comb is an important secondary sexual characteristic and comb growth traits, such as size and color of the comb, are widely used as indicators in chicken breeding programs. However, the genetic basis for these traits remains mostly unknown. It was found that the chondroadherin-like (CHADL) gene was up-regulated in large combs and was located in reported comb growth quantitative trait loci. In this study, tissue-specific expressions, expression patterns in combs of different ages, and CHADL polymorphisms were analyzed to investigate the relationship between this gene and comb growth traits of Partridge Shank roosters. The results showed that CHADL was more highly expressed in combs than in 10 other tissues, and its expressions in combs tended to gradually increase from the 5-wk-old mark to the 26-wk-old mark. The single-nucleotide polymorphism rs316423539 in the CHADL gene was significantly associated with the comb area and height, whereas rs14822286 was highly correlated with the comb color. Moreover, H1H5, H1H6, and H3H6 were the most advantageous genotype combinations for comb growth traits. Our results might help understand the molecular mechanism of comb growth traits and improve these traits directly by marker assistant selections.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document