scholarly journals Multimodal cues displayed by submissive rats promote prosocial choices by dominants

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Joe Munyua Gachomba ◽  
Joan Esteve-Agraz ◽  
Kevin Caref ◽  
Aroa Sanz-Maroto ◽  
Helena Bortolozzo-Gleich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Body Language ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Social ◽  
Trial Basis ◽  
Multimodal Cues ◽  
Socially Relevant ◽  
Social Decision Making ◽  
Prosocial Behaviours ◽  
Behavioural Dynamics

Animals often display prosocial behaviours, performing actions that benefit others. Although prosociality is essential for social bonding and cooperation, we still know very little about how animals integrate behavioural cues from those in need to make decisions that increase their wellbeing. To address this question, we used a two-choice task where rats can provide rewards to a conspecific in the absence of self-benefit, and interrogated which conditions promote prosociality by manipulating the social context of the interacting animals. While sex or degree of familiarity did not affect prosocial choices in rats, social hierarchy revealed to be a potent modulator, with dominant decision-makers showing faster emergence and higher levels of prosocial choices towards their submissive cage-mates. Leveraging quantitative analysis of multimodal social dynamics prior to choice, we identified that pairs with dominant decision-makers exhibited more proximal interactions in social distance. Interestingly, these more coordinated interactions were driven by submissive animals that modulated their position and movement towards their dominants and increased 50kHz vocalisation rate when their partners were going to behave selfishly. This display of multimodal cues by submissive animals while signalling need promoted social saliency and a faster emergence of prosocial choices from dominant rats. Multivariate analysis highlighted non-canonical body language as the main information dominants use on a trial-by-trial basis to learn that their actions have effects on others. Our results provide a refined understanding of the behavioural dynamics that rats use for action-selection upon perception of socially relevant cues and navigate social decision-making.

Analyzing Uncertainty in Cost-effectiveness For Decision-making

2011 ◽  
pp. 758-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Griffin ◽  
Karl Claxton
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Full Characterization ◽  
Health Gains ◽  
The Social ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Social Decision Making

Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) is intended to help collective purchasers of health care to determine which interventions to prioritize, by ranking them according to the cost of each unit of “health benefit” they produce. The primary focus of this article is on the social decision-making approach where the decision-maker's objective is assumed to be the maximization of health gains subject to a given budget constraint. This article begins with the rationale for presenting a full characterization and analysis of uncertainty within any CEA. An overview of methods that can be used to conduct a CEA that accounts for uncertainty is provided, including the means to present and interpret the results. The benefits and limitations of the methods for analyzing uncertainty are considered in the context of providing information to decision-makers. The article concludes by discussing the additional questions that arise when the need for further research to support those decisions is considered.

scholarly journals Social dimensions of a forest-based bioeconomy: A summary and synthesis

AMBIO ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 1851-1859
Author(s):  
Lea Ranacher ◽  
Ida Wallin ◽  
Lauri Valsta ◽  
Daniela Kleinschmit
Keyword(s):  
Special Section ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
The Public ◽  
Consumer Studies ◽  
Public Media ◽  
The Social ◽  
Socially Relevant

Abstract How perceptions of the forest-based bioeconomy differ across country contexts and social groups is important as it opens possibilities for the development of more inclusive, locally and socially relevant bioeconomy policies and strategies. Therefore, this special section explores the social dimensions of the forest-based bioeconomy by focusing on discourses and perceptions of different actor groups in Europe. We introduce six articles that range from review and discursive approaches to consumer studies. The section adds to the existing literature by focusing not only on political decision makers, stakeholders, and experts but also on the public, media and students. Patterns in the presented discourses and perceptions can be identified but more is needed to validate these and respond to the question of representativeness.

Social Cognition in Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-249
Author(s):  
Ronja Weiblen ◽  
Melanie Jonas ◽  
Sören Krach ◽  
Ulrike M. Krämer
Keyword(s):  
Tourette Syndrome ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Mirror Neuron System ◽  
Mirror Neuron ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Decision Making System ◽  
Social Decision Making ◽  
Work Done

Abstract. Research on the neural mechanisms underlying Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) has mostly concentrated on abnormalities in basal ganglia circuits. Recent alternative accounts, however, focused more on social and affective aspects. Individuals with GTS show peculiarities in their social and affective domain, including echophenomena, coprolalia, and nonobscene socially inappropriate behavior. This article reviews the experimental and theoretical work done on the social symptoms of GTS. We discuss the role of different social cognitive and affective functions and associated brain networks, namely, the social-decision-making system, theory-of-mind functions, and the so-called “mirror-neuron” system. Although GTS affects social interactions in many ways, and although the syndrome includes aberrant social behavior, the underlying cognitive, affective, and neural processes remain to be investigated.

Review of The Social Dynamics of Self-Esteem: Theory to Therapy.

1989 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 1046-1046
Author(s):  
No authorship indicated
Keyword(s):  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Social

The Social Dynamics of Economic Development in Rural Punjab

Asian Survey ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 336-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry M. Raulet ◽  
Jogindar S. Uppal
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
The Social

Conceptual foundations for the development of J.G.Turner’s general sociological theory: Metatheoretical ideas, basic concepts and analytical scheme

2019 ◽  
pp. 40-60
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Reznik
Keyword(s):  
Social Evolution ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Analytical Scheme ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
The Social ◽  
Production Distribution ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Conceptual Foundations

The article discusses the conceptual foundations of the development of the general sociological theory of J.G.Turner. These foundations are metatheoretical ideas, basic concepts and an analytical scheme. Turner began to develop a general sociological theory with a synthesis of metatheoretical ideas of social forces and social selection. He formulated a synthetic metatheoretical statement: social forces cause selection pressures on individuals and force them to change the patterns of their social organization and create new types of sociocultural formations to survive under these pressures. Turner systematized the basic concepts of his theorizing with the allocation of micro-, meso- and macro-levels of social reality. On this basis, he substantiated a simple conceptual scheme of social dynamics. According to this scheme, the forces of macrosocial dynamics of the population, production, distribution, regulation and reproduction cause social evolution. These forces force individual and corporate actors to structurally adapt their communities in altered circumstances. Such adaptation helps to overcome or avoid the disintegration consequences of these forces. The initial stage of Turner's general theorizing is a kind of audit, modification, modernization and systematization of the conceptual apparatus of sociology. The initial results obtained became the basis for the development of his conception of the dynamics of functional selection in the social world.

Scham und Autonomie

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-192
Author(s):  
Sonja Rinofner-Kreidl
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Intentional Content ◽  
Conceptual Clarification ◽  
The Social ◽  
Conventional Behavior ◽  
And Control

Autonomy is associated with intellectual self-preservation and self-determination. Shame, on the contrary, bears a loss of approval, self-esteem and control. Being afflicted with shame, we suffer from social dependencies that by no means have been freely chosen. Moreover, undergoing various experiences of shame, our power of reflection turns out to be severly limited owing to emotional embarrassment. In both ways, shame seems to be bound to heteronomy. This situation strongly calls for conceptual clarification. For this purpose, we introduce a threestage model of self-determination which comprises i) autonomy as capability of decision-making relating to given sets of choices, ii) self-commitment in terms of setting and harmonizing goals, and iii) self-realization in compliance with some range of persistently approved goals. Accordingly, the presuppositions and distinctive marks of shame-experiences are made explicit. Within this framework, we explore the intricate relation between autonomy and shame by focusing on two questions: on what conditions could conventional behavior be considered as self-determined? How should one characterize the varying roles of actors that are involved in typical cases of shame-experiences? In this connection, we advance the thesis that the social dynamics of shame turns into ambiguous positions relating to motivation, intentional content,and actors’ roles.

Book Review: Toshchenko Zh.T. Trauma Society: Between Evolution and Revolution (The Experience of Theoretical and Empirical Analysis). Moscow: Ves’ Mir, 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 152-159
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Krivosheev
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Trauma Society ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Research ◽  
Further Development

The review reveals the basic conceptions elaborated by one of the major Russian modern sociologists Zh.T. Toshchenko in his new research. The reviewer argues that the book’s author thoroughly examines the various methodological grounds for identifying the essential characteristics of social dynamics. At the same time, the reviewer focuses on the further development of the theory of modern society, proposed by the book’s author. Thus, Zh.T. Toshchenko, who spent many years researching social deformations, formulates an important concept – the concept of a society of trauma as the third modality of social development along with evolution and revolution. The book offers a fundamentally new view of social life, there is a holistic, systematic approach to all its processes and phenomena. The reviewer concludes that the new book of the social theorist Zh.T. Toshchenko is a significant contribution to sociological theory, since it develops ideas about the state and prospects of Russian society, gives accurate assessments of all social processes.

Adolescent Development and Capacity Building

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther F. Akinsola ◽  
Anne C. Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Capacity Building ◽  
Adolescent Development ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Developmental Tasks ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Global Policy ◽  
Development Capacity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Late Stages

This chapter describes adolescent development within the context of capacity building, reviews the global adolescent capacity-building initiatives, and provides a link between developmental tasks of adolescence and capacity building. It highlights the importance of incorporating assessment of adolescents’ capacity-building needs at individual, community, and organizational levels into global policy and programs and suggests effective approaches to building adolescent development capacity that include adopting the “stage–environment–fit,” in which stage represents the developmental stages (early, middle, late stages) of adolescents and emphasizes developmental tasks of adolescence, while environment represents the social and cultural contexts in which the adolescents live. That adolescents need to be engaged as planners, decision-makers, and participants in programs that build their capacity and translation of global policies into policies of governments is emphasized.

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