scholarly journals Overexpression of miR5505 enhanced drought and salt resistance in rice (Orayza sativa)

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUANWEI FAN ◽  
Fantao Zhang ◽  
Jiankun Xie
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Salt Resistance ◽  
World Population ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Drought And Salt Tolerance ◽  
The World ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Dongxiang Wild Rice

Rice is one of the most important crops in the world and half of the world population consumes it as their staple food. The abiotic stresses caused by drought, salt and other stresses have severely impacted rice production. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a type of small non-coding RNAs which widely reported as gene regulators, suppressing genes expression by degradation mRNA or translation inhibition. Previously, high-throughput sequencing has found a conserved miRNA miR5505 responding to drought stress in Dongxiang wild rice (DXWR). Several other studies also revealed that miR5505 was involved in rice stress responses. We further studied the effect of miRNA in drought and salt tolerance by overexpression it in rice. 2 in 18 successfully transformed transgenic lines with higher miR5505 expression were selected and then drought and salt resistance ability were evaluated. Both transgenic lines showed stronger drought and salt tolerance than wild-type (WT). Putative targets of miR5505 were identified by psRNATarget and several of them were found stress-related. RNA-seq found 1,980 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in transgenic lines. Among them, 978 genes were down-regulated. Three genes were predicted by psRNATarget and two of them might be stress-related. We also found various environmental stress cis-acting elements in upstream of miR5505 promoter through Software PlantCARE. In all, we improved rice drought and salt tolerance by overexpressing miR5505, and the generated putative targets and cis-acting elements also suggested miR5505 might play important roles in the regulation of drought and salt responses. Keywords: rice, overexpression line , drought and salt stress, miR5505

scholarly journals A Novel Sweetpotato WRKY Transcription Factor, IbWRKY2, Positively Regulates Drought and Salt Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Zhu ◽  
Yuanyuan Zhou ◽  
Hong Zhai ◽  
Shaozhen He ◽  
Ning Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Wrky Transcription Factor ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Aba Signaling ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Drought And Salt Tolerance ◽  
Transgenic Lines

WRKYs play important roles in plant growth, defense regulation, and stress response. However, the mechanisms through which WRKYs are involved in drought and salt tolerance have been rarely characterized in sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.]. In this study, we cloned a WRKY gene, IbWRKY2, from sweetpotato and its expression was induced with PEG6000, NaCl, and abscisic acid (ABA). The IbWRKY2 was localized in the nucleus. The full-length protein exhibited transactivation activity, and its active domain was located in the N-terminal region. IbWRKY2-overexpressing Arabidopsis showed enhanced drought and salt tolerance. After drought and salt treatments, the contents of ABA and proline as well as the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were higher in transgenic plants, while the malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 contents were lower. In addition, several genes related to the ABA signaling pathway, proline biosynthesis, and the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging system, were significantly up-regulated in transgenic lines. These results demonstrate that IbWRKY2 confers drought and salt tolerance in Arabidopsis. Furthermore, IbWRKY2 was able to interact with IbVQ4, and the expression of IbVQ4 was induced by drought and salt treatments. These results provide clues regarding the mechanism by which IbWRKY2 contributes to the regulation of abiotic stress tolerance.

scholarly journals The WRKY Transcription Factor GmWRKY12 Confers Drought and Salt Tolerance in Soybean

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 4087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Yan Shi ◽  
Yong-Tao Du ◽  
Jian Ma ◽  
Dong-Hong Min ◽  
Long-Guo Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Wrky Transcription Factor ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Soybean Seedlings ◽  
Drought And Salt Tolerance ◽  
Drought And Salt Stress ◽  
Mda Content

WRKYs are important regulators in plant development and stress responses. However, knowledge of this superfamily in soybean is limited. In this study, we characterized the drought- and salt-induced gene GmWRKY12 based on RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR. GmWRKY12, which is 714 bp in length, encoded 237 amino acids and grouped into WRKY II. The promoter region of GmWRKY12 included ABER4, MYB, MYC, GT-1, W-box and DPBF cis-elements, which possibly participate in abscisic acid (ABA), drought and salt stress responses. GmWRKY12 was minimally expressed in different tissues under normal conditions but highly expressed under drought and salt treatments. As a nucleus protein, GmWRKY12 was responsive to drought, salt, ABA and salicylic acid (SA) stresses. Using a transgenic hairy root assay, we further characterized the roles of GmWRKY12 in abiotic stress tolerance. Compared with control (Williams 82), overexpression of GmWRKY12 enhanced drought and salt tolerance, increased proline (Pro) content and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content under drought and salt treatment in transgenic soybean seedlings. These results may provide a basis to understand the functions of GmWRKY12 in abiotic stress responses in soybean.

scholarly journals The Rice Abscisic Acid-Responsive RING Finger E3 Ligase OsRF1 Targets OsPP2C09 for Degradation and Confers Drought and Salinity Tolerance in Rice

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suyeon Kim ◽  
Seong-Im Park ◽  
Hyeokjin Kwon ◽  
Mi Hyeon Cho ◽  
Beom-Gi Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Ring Finger ◽  
E3 Ligase ◽  
Small Ring ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Drought And Salt Tolerance

Drought and salinity are major important factors that restrain growth and productivity of rice. In plants, many really interesting new gene (RING) finger proteins have been reported to enhance drought and salt tolerance. However, their mode of action and interacting substrates are largely unknown. Here, we identified a new small RING-H2 type E3 ligase OsRF1, which is involved in the ABA and stress responses of rice. OsRF1 transcripts were highly induced by ABA, salt, or drought treatment. Upregulation of OsRF1 in transgenic rice conferred drought and salt tolerance and increased endogenous ABA levels. Consistent with this, faster transcriptional activation of key ABA biosynthetic genes, ZEP, NCED3, and ABA4, was observed in OsRF1-OE plants compared with wild type in response to drought stress. Yeast two-hybrid assay, BiFC, and co-immunoprecipitation analysis identified clade A PP2C proteins as direct interacting partners with OsRF1. In vitro ubiquitination assay indicated that OsRF1 exhibited E3 ligase activity, and that it targeted OsPP2C09 protein for ubiquitination and degradation. Cell-free degradation assay further showed that the OsPP2C09 protein is more rapidly degraded by ABA in the OsRF1-OE rice than in the wild type. The combined results suggested that OsRF1 is a positive player of stress responses by modulating protein stability of clade A PP2C proteins, negative regulators of ABA signaling.

scholarly journals Heterologous Expression of Dehydration-Inducible MfWRKY17 of Myrothamnus Flabellifolia Confers Drought and Salt Tolerance in Arabidopsis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4603
Author(s):  
Zhuo Huang ◽  
Han-Du Guo ◽  
Ling Liu ◽  
Si-Han Jin ◽  
Pei-Lei Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Wrky Transcription Factor ◽  
Resurrection Plant ◽  
Drought And Salt Tolerance ◽  
High Degree

As the only woody resurrection plant, Myrothamnus flabellifolia has a strong tolerance to drought and can survive long-term in a desiccated environment. However, the molecular mechanisms related to the stress tolerance of M. flabellifolia are largely unknown, and few tolerance-related genes previously identified had been functionally characterized. WRKYs are a group of unique and complex plant transcription factors, and have reported functions in diverse biological processes, especially in the regulation of abiotic stress tolerances, in various species. However, little is known about their roles in response to abiotic stresses in M. flabellifolia. In this study, we characterized a dehydration-inducible WRKY transcription factor gene, MfWRKY17, from M. flabellifolia. MfWRKY17 shows high degree of homology with genes from Vitis vinifera and Vitis pseudoreticulata, belonging to group II of the WRKY family. Unlike known WRKY17s in other organisms acting as negative regulators in biotic or abiotic stress responses, overexpression of MfWRKY17 in Arabidopsis significantly increased drought and salt tolerance. Further investigations indicated that MfWRKY17 participated in increasing water retention, maintaining chlorophyll content, and regulating ABA biosynthesis and stress-related gene expression. These results suggest that MfWRKY17 possibly acts as a positive regulator of stress tolerance in the resurrection plant M. flabellifolia.

Making Human Rights a Reality

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilie M. Hafner-Burton
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Law ◽  
World Population ◽  
International Human Rights Law ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Human Rights Protection ◽  
National Human ◽  
The World ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
National Human Rights Institutions

In the last six decades, one of the most striking developments in international law is the emergence of a massive body of legal norms and procedures aimed at protecting human rights. In many countries, though, there is little relationship between international law and the actual protection of human rights on the ground. This book takes a fresh look at why it's been so hard for international law to have much impact in parts of the world where human rights are most at risk. The book argues that more progress is possible if human rights promoters work strategically with the group of states that have dedicated resources to human rights protection. These human rights “stewards” can focus their resources on places where the tangible benefits to human rights are greatest. Success will require setting priorities as well as engaging local stakeholders such as nongovernmental organizations and national human rights institutions. To date, promoters of international human rights law have relied too heavily on setting universal goals and procedures and not enough on assessing what actually works and setting priorities. This book illustrates how, with a different strategy, human rights stewards can make international law more effective and also safeguard human rights for more of the world population.

EMPOWERING WOMEN THROUGH ENTREPRENEURSHIP: ASPECTS AND APPROACHES

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
JAVED ALAM SHEIKH
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
World Population ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Map ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status

Almost 50 per cent of the world population is constituted by the women and they have been making substantial contribution to socio-economic development. But, unfortunately their tremendous contribution remains unrecognized and unnoticed in most of the developing and least developed countries causing the problem of poverty among them. Empowering women has become the key element in the development of an economy. With women moving forward, the family moves, the village moves and the nation moves. Hence, improving the status of women by way of their economic empowerment is highly called for. Entrepreneurship is a key tool for the economic empowerment of women around the world for alleviating poverty. Entrepreneurship is now widely recognized as a tool of economic development in India also. In this paper I have tried to discuss the reasons and role of Women Entrepreneurship with the help of Push and Pull factors. In the last I have also discussed the problems and the road map of Women Entrepreneurs development in India.

Gender Ideology and Fertility: Evidence for a Curvilinear Hypothesis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Stefani ◽  
Gabriele Prati
Keyword(s):  
Gender Ideology ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
World Population ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
The World ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data ◽  
National Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

Research on the relationship between fertility and gender ideology revealed inconsistent results. In the present study, we argue that inconsistencies may be due to the fact that such relationship may be nonlinear. We hypothesize a U- shaped relationship between two dimensions of gender ideology (i.e. primacy of breadwinner role and acceptance of male privilege) and fertility rates. We conducted a cross-national analysis of 60 countries using data from the World Values Survey as well as the World Population Prospects 2019. Controlling for gross domestic product, we found support for a U-shaped relationship between gender ideology and fertility. Higher levels of fertility rates were found at lower and especially higher levels of traditional gender ideology, while a medium level of gender ideology was associated with the lowest fertility rate. This curvilinear relationship is in agreement with the phase of the gender revolution in which the country is located. Traditional beliefs are linked to a complementary division of private versus public sphere between sexes, while egalitarian attitudes are associated with a more equitable division. Both conditions strengthen fertility. Instead, as in the transition phase, intermediate levels of gender ideology’s support are associated with an overload and a difficult reconciliation of the roles that women have to embody (i.e. working and nurturing) so reducing fertility. The present study has contributed to the literature by addressing the inconsistencies of prior research by demonstrating that the relationship between gender ideology and fertility rates is curvilinear rather than linear.

The Prognostic and Predictive Value of microRNAs in Patients with H. pylori-positive Gastric Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (39) ◽  
pp. 4639-4645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mostafa Parizadeh ◽  
Reza Jafarzadeh-Esfehani ◽  
Amir Avan ◽  
Maryam Ghandehari ◽  
Fatemeh Goldani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Tumor Suppressors ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
World Population ◽  
Normal Flora ◽  
Small Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Control Gene Expression ◽  
The World ◽  
H Pylori

Gastric cancer (GC) has a high mortality rate with a poor 5-year survival. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is present as part of the normal flora of stomach. It is found in the gastric mucosa of more than half of the world population. This bacterium is involved in developing H. pylori-induced GC due to the regulation of different micro ribonucleic acid (miRNA or miR). miRNAs are small noncoding RNAs and are recognized as prognostic biomarkers for GC that may control gene expression. miRNAs may function as tumor suppressors, or oncogenes. In this review, we evaluated studies that investigated the ectopic expression of miRNAs in the prognosis of H. pylori positive and negative GC.

The potential role of tea in periodontal therapy: An updated review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Forouzanfar ◽  
Hamideh Sadat Mohammadipour ◽  
Fatemeh Forouzanfar
Keyword(s):  
Green Tea ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
World Population ◽  
Tea Leaves ◽  
The World ◽  
Green Tea Leaves

: Periodontal diseases are highly prevalent and can affect high percentage of the world population. Oxidative stress and inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. Nowadays, more attention has been focused on the herbal remedies in the field of drug discovery. Green tea is an important source of polyphenol antioxidants, it has long been used as a beverage worldwide. The most interesting polyphenol components of green tea leaves that are related with health benefits are the catechins. Taken together this review suggested that green tea with its wide spectrum of activities could be a healthy alternative for controlling the damaging reactions seen in periodontal diseases.

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