scholarly journals Generation of a novel growth-enhanced and reduced environmental impact transgenic pig strain

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianwei Zhang ◽  
Zicong Li ◽  
Huaqiang Yang ◽  
Dewu Liu ◽  
Gengyuan Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Transgenic Pig ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Transgenic Pigs ◽  
Nutrient Emissions ◽  
Environmental Emissions ◽  
Excessive Nutrients ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate

ABSTRACTIn pig production, insufficient feed digestion causes excessive nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen, which are then released to the environment. To address the issue of environmental emissions, we have established transgenic pigs harboring a single-copy quad-cistronic transgene and simultaneously expressing three microbial enzymes, β-glucanase, xylanase, and phytase in the salivary glands. All the transgenic enzymes were successfully expressed, and the digestion of non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) and phytate in the feedstuff was enhanced. Fecal nitrogen and phosphate outputs were reduced by 23%–46%, and growth rate improved by 23.4% (gilts) and 24.4% (boars) when the pigs were fed on a corn and soybean-based diet and high-NSP diet. The transgenic pigs showed a 11.5%– 14.5% improvement in feed conversion rate compared to the age-matched wild-type littermates. These findings indicate that transgenic pigs are promising resources for improving feed efficiency and reducing nutrient emissions to the environment.

scholarly journals Novel transgenic pigs with enhanced growth and reduced environmental impact

eLife ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianwei Zhang ◽  
Zicong Li ◽  
Huaqiang Yang ◽  
Dewu Liu ◽  
Gengyuan Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Transgenic Pigs ◽  
Environmental Emissions ◽  
Excessive Nutrients ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate

In pig production, inefficient feed digestion causes excessive nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen to be released to the environment. To address the issue of environmental emissions, we established transgenic pigs harboring a single-copy quad-cistronic transgene and simultaneously expressing three microbial enzymes, β-glucanase, xylanase, and phytase in the salivary glands. All the transgenic enzymes were successfully expressed, and the digestion of non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) and phytate in the feedstuff was enhanced. Fecal nitrogen and phosphorus outputs in the transgenic pigs were reduced by 23.2–45.8%, and growth rate improved by 23.0% (gilts) and 24.4% (boars) compared with that of age-matched wild-type littermates under the same dietary treatment. The transgenic pigs showed an 11.5–14.5% improvement in feed conversion rate compared with the wild-type pigs. These findings indicate that the transgenic pigs are promising resources for improving feed efficiency and reducing environmental impact.

scholarly journals Adaptation of Gut Microbiotas to Transgenic Pigs Secreting β-Glucanase, Xylanase and Phytase

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianxin Mo ◽  
Guoling Li ◽  
Guangyan Huang ◽  
Haoqiang Wang ◽  
Junsong Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Regulatory Subunit ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Transgenic Pigs ◽  
Intestinal Microbes ◽  
Type D ◽  
Aspartate Carbamoyltransferase ◽  
Fractional Abundance ◽  
Marker Free

Abstract BackgroundThe gut microbiotas play an important role in digestive function and feed efficiency in pigs. However, the effect of exogenous digestive enzymes on the composition and functional contributions of swine intestinal microbes is unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the change of gut microbiotas in the transgenic pigs secreting microbial digestive enzymes in their salivary glands.MethodsEGFP marker-free transgenic (MF-TG) pigs were generated by deleted the EGFP coding genes in the transgenic pigs we previously generated. Samples of chyme from the ileum, caecum and colon of five MF-TG and five wild-type (WT) sows were collected for investigating the gut microbiomes via metagenomics analyses.ResultsThe levels of probiotics were abundant in the caecum of MF-TG pigs and higher than those of WT pigs. By contrast, the levels of some harmful microorganisms were higher in the caecum of WT pigs than those of MF-TG pigs. In addition, the microorganisms in the colon of MF-TG pigs had high fractional abundance in DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 and serine-type D-Ala-D-Ala carboxypeptidase, whereas the aspartate carbamoyltransferase regulatory subunit and outer membrane protein pathways were enriched in WT pigs. Moreover, the levels of numerous carbohydrases in the caecum of MF-TG pigs were higher than those of WT pigs. ConclusionsThe results indicated that intestinal microbes can change adaptively to the secretion of transgenic enzymes, thereby forming a benign cooperation with their host.

scholarly journals Growth performance and blood profiles of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) fed leaves extract of Myrmecodia tuberosa

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
RUDY AGUNG NUGROHO ◽  
ESTI HANDAYANI HARDI ◽  
YANTI PUSPITA SARI ◽  
RETNO ARYANI ◽  
RUDIANTO RUDIANTO
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Pangasianodon Hypophthalmus ◽  
Striped Catfish ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate ◽  
Blood Profiles

Abstract. Nugroho RA, Hardi EH, Sari YP, Aryani R, Rudianto. 2019. Growth performance and blood profiles of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) fed leaves extract of Myrmecodia tuberosa. Nusantara Bioscience 11: 89-96. The application of plant extract in the aquaculture field is gaining momentum. This study aimed to determine the effects of M. tuberosa Jack leaves extract on the growth performance and blood profiles of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus). 400 fish with an initial average weight of 1.54 ± 0.02g were randomly divided into five groups and fed with different concentration of M. tuberosa Jack leaves extract (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2%) and control diet for 80 days. Growth performance, feed conversion rate, feed efficiency, survival rate, morphometric, and hematological profile of the fish were evaluated at the end of the trial. The results found that fish fed 0.5-1% concentration had significantly higher (P<0.05) growth, feed conversion rate, feed efficiency, morphometric value, survival, white blood cell, hemoglobin, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte than control. Meanwhile, supplementation of 2% MTE in the diet of fish reduced growth, feed utilization, viscerosomatic index, and morphometric values but increased red blood cell. All the supplemented diets decreased platelet of fish. The findings indicated that supplementation 0.5-1% of MTE is beneficial to the growth and blood profile of fish through the increment of growth indices, feed utilization, white blood cell, hemoglobin, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and survival rate of fish.

scholarly journals Growth evaluation of Oreochromis niloticus fed different concentrations of choline and methionine

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-128
Author(s):  
Rudy Agung Nugroho ◽  
Normala Sari ◽  
Retno Aryani ◽  
Hetty Manurung ◽  
Rudianto Rudianto
Keyword(s):  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Tilapia Diet ◽  
And Control ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate

A 12-week research was conducted to determine the effects of choline and methionine supplementation on the growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Three diets, P2-P4 with 0.04; 0.08; 0.12 % of choline; P6-P8 with same levels choline plus methionine (0.15 %); a diet with only 0.15 % methionine (P5); and control without any supplementation (P1) were fed to tilapia (initial weight ±21.05 g) for 12 weeks. Final weight (FW), Body Weight Gain (BWG), Average Daily Gain (ADG), Specific Growth Rate (SGR), and Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER), Feed Efficiency (FE), Feed Intake (FI), Feed Conversion Rate (FCR), Survival Rate (SR), crude protein and lipid of fish fed various levels of choline and methionine were also measured. The results showed that tilapia fed 0.04 % choline (P2) had significantly better growth parameters and feed efficiency than other groups. Meanwhile, SR of tilapia was not affected by any supplementation of choline and methionine. The tilapia fed 0.08% choline (P3) showed the highest crude protein (52.50 ± 0.98 %) in the carcass proximate but low lipid (19.03 ± 0.10 %). This finding demonstrated the benefits of choline (0.04-0.08 %) supplementation in the tilapia diet in term of growth and carcass proximate.

scholarly journals Growth and Survival Evaluation of Oreochromis Sp fed Hermetia illucens Larva and Manihot esculenta leaves Meal

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-573
Author(s):  
Nur Aini ◽  
Rudy Agung Nugroho ◽  
Nova Hariani
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Dietary Substitution ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate ◽  
Hermetia Illucens Larvae

This study was conducted to compare the effects of dietary substitution of fish meal (FM) with black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal (BSFM) and Manihot esculenta leaves meal (MEM) on the growth and feed efficiency of Oreochromis sp. Four concentrations viz: P1 (25%): 50g BSFM and 25g MEM, P2 (50%): 100g BSFM and 50g MEM, P3 (75%): 150g BSFM and 75g MEM, P4 (100%): 200g BSFM and 100g MEM were prepared and tested against control without FM replacement. Each diet was fed to three replicates groups of fish at a rate of 5% of body weight two times per day for 30 days. At the end of the trial, growth parameters, Feed conversion rate (FCR), and feed efficiency (FE) were evaluated. The results showed that fish fed dietary substitution of FM with combination ratio of BSFM and MEM higher than 50% significantly improved all growth parameters, FCR and FE. It is therefore suggested that the partial (higher than 50%) or total replacement of fish meal with combination of BSFM and MEM in the diet of Oreochromis sp can be used as fish meal substitution to obtain better growth and feed efficiency.

PSXV-8 The study of feeding behavior traits in connection to feed efficiency in duroc boars bred in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 259-259
Author(s):  
Anna A Belous ◽  
Alexander A Sermyagin ◽  
Natalia A Zinovieva
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Testing Period ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate

Abstract The study of feeding behavior is of particular interest because it is directly related to efficiency of feeding. The aim of our study was to determine the genetic parameters of the feeding behavioral traits in Duroc boars (n = 766) in relation to the feed efficiency based on the analysis of variation components. Genstar and Shauer feeders were used to collect the behavioral data, including daily feed intake (DFI), total daily time spent in feeder (TPD), number of daily visits to feeder (NVD), average duration of each visit (TPV), feed intake per visit (FPV), and feed intake rate (FR). Genetic and environmental variabilities were determined by the mixed model equation using the REMLF90 program. Multiple regression analyses were used to adjust feed conversion rate (FCR) for the duration of the testing period, initial and final body weight, and average daily gain. The average initial body weight was 35.7 kg and the duration of testing period was 78.1 days. Actual FCR values reached 2.20 kg/kg with a phenotypic variability of 26.3%. Moderate values of heritability coefficients (h2) were observed for TPV (h2=0.168), FCR (h2=0.214), and DFI (h2=0.221) traits. The heritability parameters for FPV and TPD traits were higher and accounted to 0.269 and 0.290, respectively. The highest value of h2 was observed for NVD (0.494). Analyses of genetic correlations revealed several interesting findings. The boars, which more often visited feeding stations, spent more time in feeder (r2=+0.536 for NVD/TPD), herewith duration of each visit and feed intake rate were decreased (r2=–0.593 and –0.760 for NVD/TPV and NVD/FR, respectively). Feed conversion rate was positively correlated with TPD (r2=+0.530) and negatively correlated with FR (r2=–0,772). Our research results will be useful for development of artificial selection programs to select Duroc pigs for increased feeding efficiency. The study was supported by RFBR No19-316–90008.

scholarly journals Feed efficiency and its development in animal production

1977 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 374-381
Author(s):  
Lauri Kettunen
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Pork Production ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Conversion Rates ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate

Feed conversion rates and their development are needed for the determination of the total animal production after the total feed production is known or forecast. The feed conversion rates for the period 1971—75 were estimated from the feed balance sheets which show the feed use for different animal production lines. They form the basis for the forescasts of the coefficients for 1975-85. Feed efficiency in milk production is expected to improve by 3 per cent from 0.837 to 0.811 feed units per litre of milk in ten years by 1985. This is a result of the increase of the average yields and average weight of cows; the proportion of the feed needed for the maintenance of the cow decreases. In beef production the feed efficiency is expected to worsen, from 12.0 to 13,8 feed units per kg due to the increase of average slaughter weights. If the slaughter weights do not rise as much as predicted (from 160 to 190 kg in ten years), the feed conversion rate will not increase as predicted. In pork production the feed efficiency is expected to improve from 5.28 to 4.77 feed units per kg and in broiler production from 4.00 to 3.60 feed units per kg. All values presented above are gross estimates, i.e. they include the waste in handling and feeding. The error of the coefficients may be several per cents but it cannot be specified. The possible error has to be kept in mind when the conversion rate estimates are applied.

scholarly journals Dietary fermented rapeseed or/and soybean meal additives on performance and intestinal health of piglets

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Czech ◽  
Eugeniusz Ryszard Grela ◽  
Martyna Kiesz
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractThe aim of the study was to assess the effect of fermented dried soybean (FSBM) and/or fermented rapeseed meal (FRSM) in diets for weaned piglets on production results, nutrient digestibility, gastrointestinal tract histology, and the composition of the gut microbiota. Piglets in the control group received standard diets with soybean meal. Animals in all experimental groups received diets in which a portion of the soybean meal was replaced: in group FR—8% FRSM; in group FR/FS—6% FRSM and 2% FSBM; in group FS/FR—2% FRSM and 6% FSBM and in group FS—8% FSBM. The use of 8% FRSM or 6% FRSM and 2% FSBM in the piglet diets had a positive effect on average daily gains. Piglets from the FR and FR/FS groups had the highest feed conversion rate. Group FS/FR and FS piglets had significantly lower mortality and lower incidence of diarrhoea. Piglets fed a diet with the fermented components, in particular with 8% FRSM or 6% FRSM and 2% FSBM, exhibited a positive effect on the microbiological composition and histology of intestines, which resulted in improved nutrient digestibility coefficients (ATTD and AID).

scholarly journals Enterococcus faecium PNC01 isolated from the intestinal mucosa of chicken as an alternative for antibiotics to reduce feed conversion rate in broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang He ◽  
Xuan Liu ◽  
Yuanyang Dong ◽  
Jiaqi Lei ◽  
Koichi Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Broiler Production ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate

Abstract Background The development and utilization of probiotics had many environmental benefits for replacing antibiotics in animal production. Bacteria in the intestinal mucosa have better adhesion to the host intestinal epithelial cells compared to bacteria in the intestinal contents. In this study, lactic acid bacteria were isolated from the intestinal mucosa of broiler chickens and investigated as the substitution to antibiotic in broiler production. Results In addition to acid resistance, high temperature resistance, antimicrobial sensitivity tests, and intestinal epithelial cell adhesion, Enterococcus faecium PNC01 (E. faecium PNC01) was showed to be non-cytotoxic to epithelial cells. Draft genome sequence of E. faecium PNC01 predicted that it synthesized bacteriocin to perform probiotic functions and bacteriocin activity assay showed it inhibited Salmonella typhimurium from invading intestinal epithelial cells. Diet supplemented with E. faecium PNC01 increased the ileal villus height and crypt depth in broiler chickens, reduced the relative length of the cecum at day 21, and reduced the relative length of jejunum and ileum at day 42. Diet supplemented with E. faecium PNC01 increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus, decreased the relative abundance of Bacteroides in the cecal microbiota. Conclusion E. faecium PNC01 replaced antibiotics to reduce the feed conversion rate. Furthermore, E. faecium PNC01 improved intestinal morphology and altered the composition of microbiota in the cecum to reduce feed conversion rate. Thus, it can be used as an alternative for antibiotics in broiler production to avoid the adverse impact of antibiotics by altering the gut microbiota. Graphic Abstract

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