scholarly journals Signals from the brood modulate the sleep of brood tending bumblebee workers

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moshe Nagari ◽  
Ariel Gera ◽  
Sara Jonsson ◽  
Guy Bloch
Keyword(s):  
Bombus Terrestris ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Activity Monitoring ◽  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
Brood Care ◽  
Automatic Activity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Mating Opportunities ◽  
Nest Founding

AbstractSleep is ubiquitous in vertebrates and invertebrates, and its chronic lost is typically associated with reduced performance, health, or survival. Nevertheless, some animals can give up sleep in order to increase survival or mating opportunities. We studied the interplay between sleep and brood care in the social bumblebeeBombus terrestris. We first used video recording and detailed behavioral analyses to confirm that the bumblebee shows the essential behavioral characteristics of sleep. Based on these analyses we next used immobility bouts of >5′ as proxy for sleep in automatic activity monitoring records, and found that sleep is severely reduced in the presence of larvae that require feeding or pupae that are not fed. Reduced sleep was correlated with wax pot building, which is a behavior typical to nest founding mother queens. Sleep was also reduced in the presence of empty cocoons, but this effect was transient and reduced with time. This observation that is consistent with the presence of a sleep modulating pheromonal signal. These results provide the first evidence for brood modulation of sleep in an insect, and are consistent with the hypothesis that plasticity in sleep can evolve as a mechanism to improve care for dependent juveniles.

scholarly journals Administration of GnRH at Onset of Estrus, Determined by Automatic Activity Monitoring, to Improve Dairy Cow Fertility during the Summer and Autumn

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2194
Author(s):  
Zvi Roth ◽  
Yaron Z. Kressel ◽  
Yaniv Lavon ◽  
Dorit Kalo ◽  
David Wolfenson
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Activity Monitoring ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Gnrh Analogue ◽  
Automatic Activity ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Uterine Diseases ◽  
And Control

We examined gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) administration at onset of estrus (OE), determined by automatic activity monitoring (AAM), to improve fertility of dairy cows during the summer and autumn. The study was performed on two dairy farms in Israel. The OE was determined by AAM recorded every 2 h, and a single im dose of GnRH analogue was administered shortly after OE. Pregnancy was determined by transrectal palpation, 40 to 45 d after artificial insemination (AI). Conception risk was analyzed by the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. Brief visual observation of behavioral estrus indicated that about three-quarters of the events (n = 40) of visually detected OE occurred within 6 h of AAM-detected OE. Accordingly, the GnRH analogue was administered within 5 h of AAM-detected OE, to overlap with the expected endogenous preovulatory LH surge. Overall, pregnancy per AI (P/AI) was monitored over the entire experimental period (summer and autumn) in 233 first, second or third AI (116 and 117 AI for treated and control groups, respectively). Least square means of P/AI for treated (45.8%) and control (39.4%) groups did not differ, but group-by-season interaction tended to differ (p = 0.07), indicating no effect of treatment in the summer and a marked effect of GnRH treatment (n = 58 AI) compared to controls (n = 59 AI) on P/AI in the autumn (56.6% vs. 28.5%, p < 0.03). During the autumn, GnRH-treated mature cows (second or more lactations), and postpartum cows exhibiting metabolic and uterine diseases, tended to have much larger P/AI than their control counterparts (p = 0.07–0.08). No effect of treatment was recorded in the autumn in first parity cows or in uninfected, healthy cows. In conclusion, administration of GnRH within 5 h of AAM-determined OE improved conception risk in cows during the autumn, particularly in those exhibiting uterine or metabolic diseases postpartum and in mature cows. Incorporation of the proposed GnRH treatment shortly after AAM-detected OE into a synchronization program is suggested, to improve fertility of positively responding subpopulations of cows.

scholarly journals Association between ambient temperature and humidity, vaginal temperature, and automatic activity monitoring on induced estrus in lactating cows

2017 ◽  
Vol 100 (10) ◽  
pp. 8590-8601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liam B. Polsky ◽  
Augusto M.L. Madureira ◽  
Eraldo L. Drago Filho ◽  
Sergio Soriano ◽  
Alex. F. Sica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Activity Monitoring ◽  
Automatic Activity ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Vaginal Temperature

scholarly journals Criminal-Personal Features of Convicted Women of Childbearing Age in Russian Penitentiary Institutions

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana Muzychuk ◽  
Svetlana Kulakova ◽  
Yury Suslov ◽  
Anastasia Samoylova
Keyword(s):  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Social Function ◽  
Incarcerated Women ◽  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Female Crime ◽  
Child Bearing ◽  
The Social ◽  
Newborn Children

The paper discusses the criminological characteristics of convicted women in penitentiary institutions. It is based on the authors own observations, the analysis of disciplinary practices and crimes of convicted women and the reports of various departments of the Russian Federal Penitentiary Service in 2015-2017. Due to the social function of women, the problem of female crime and its prevention is currently urgent and requires a prompt solution. Most incarcerated women are of child-bearing age, some of them enter the penitentiary system already being pregnant, others become pregnant after extended visits by their husbands. The authors identify and analyze personal and criminological aspects of convicted womens behavior in the context of their motherhood. The paper stresses the behavioral characteristics of convicted women connected with motherhood in the conditions of isolation (the phenomenon of motherhood in the conditions of penitentiary isolation). The penitentiary system should provide the necessary conditions for mothers and their newborn children, which puts an additional specific burden on penitentiary systems employees responsible for achieving the goals of punishment, correction of inmates, observance of regime and prevention of repeat crimes.

scholarly journals AN AUTOMATIC ACTIVITY-MONITORING SYSTEM FOR SMALL MAMMALS UNDER NATURAL CONDITIONS

2006 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 628-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan L. Rehmeier ◽  
Glennis A. Kaufman ◽  
Donald W. Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Activity Monitoring ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Automatic Activity

SOCIAL AND POLITICAL EFFECTS OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN RUSSIA: RESULTS OF A STUDY WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE "WORLD INTERNET PROJECT - 2021"

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
I.A. Batanina ◽  
◽  
E.V. Brodovskaya ◽  
A.Y. Dombrovskaya ◽  
R.V. Parma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Online Retail ◽  
Online Consumer Behavior ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Effects ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Online Consumer ◽  
Digital Gap

The results of the All-Russian survey on the social well-being of citizens in the con-text of the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic are presented. The baseline results were con-clusions about changes in Russians 'offline and online consumer behavior, social expecta-tions, fears and citizens' perception of universal vaccination as a measure to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. The study showed that three types of fears prevail among Russians: coronavirus infection of relatives and friends, their own illness when they do not receive the necessary medical care, and a drop in income (worsening living conditions) amid an uncon-trollably spreading pandemic. The analysis of the survey database showed the activation of digital behavior of citizens in the context of the pandemic, which became a favorable factor in the development of online retail. Against the background of the spread of the COVID-19 vi-rus, the age structure of the Russian national audience is changing, and the digital gap be-tween generations is gradually being bridged. The pandemic triggered the involvement of older people in the digital space. Cluster analysis of the research data made it possible to segment Russians into three groups in relation to the pandemic and measures to overcome it: covid-pessimists, who suffered the most from the restrictions of the corona virus and did not adapt to life under conditions of covid-restrictions; covid-optimists who have successfully adapted to new circumstances in connection with the spread of the COVID-19 virus; covid-realists focused on constructively overcoming the negative consequences of restrictive pandemic measures. Their socio-demographic and behavioral characteristics have been ana-lyzed, and the specificity of the civic position of representatives of various clusters of Rus-sians has been established.

scholarly journals Does a Live Performance Impact Synchronization to Musical Rhythm in Cognitively Impaired Elderly?

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 939-949
Author(s):  
Matthieu Ghilain ◽  
Lise Hobeika ◽  
Micheline Lesaffre ◽  
Loris Schiaratura ◽  
Ashmita Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Live Performance ◽  
Performance Impact ◽  
Musical Rhythm ◽  
Musical Stimulus ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

Background: Music-based interventions appear to be efficient approaches to improve emotional, social, and cognitive functioning of patients with neurodegenerative diseases. Objective: Because benefits seem to increase with patient’s motor involvement, we studied sensorimotor synchronization (SMS) abilities of patients with cognitive impairments (Alzheimer’s disease, vascular and mixed dementia) and of patients with no evidence of cognitive impairments. More specifically, we compared the impact of a live performance by a musician to a video recording on SMS. Methods: SMS to a metronomic or a musical stimulus was assessed while patients watched a live musician or his pre-recorded video. Results: SMS to a metronome was better than to music but this effect was modulated by the social context. While SMS to a metronome was better when facing a video than a live performance, there was no impact of social context on SMS to music. No group differences of SMS were found. Conclusion: The decrease in SMS to a metronome in a live performance may be due to social pressure. Such a pressure might be removed in pleasant social activities, like moving with music in a group, explaining the lack of effect on SMS to music. We found no performance differences in groups, suggesting relatively spared SMS in cognitively impaired patients. By showing that it is possible to encourage patients to synchronize with others, even when facing a video, our results indicate that SMS can be used as a relevant predictor in clinical trials and open up promising therapeutic options for isolated patients.

scholarly journals Bumblebees ( Bombus terrestris ) use social information as an indicator of safety in dangerous environments

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1785) ◽  
pp. 20133174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika H. Dawson ◽  
Lars Chittka
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Bombus Terrestris ◽  
Social Information ◽  
Past Experience ◽  
Significant Preference ◽  
The Social ◽  
Good Signal ◽  
Animal Faces ◽  
First Time ◽  
Plant Pollinator

Avoiding predation is one of the most important challenges that an animal faces. Several anti-predation behaviours can be employed, yet simply using the presence of conspecifics can be a good signal of safety in an environment with potential predation hazards. Here, we show, for the first time, that past experience of predation causes bumblebees ( Bombus terrestris ) to aggregate with conspecifics, facilitating the identification of safe foraging patches. Bees were trained to differentiate between flowers that harboured predators and flowers that were predator free. When test subjects were subsequently presented solely with the previously predator-infested flower species, there was a significant preference to only land on flowers occupied by other feeding conspecifics. Yet, when safe flowers were made available to subjects previously entrained to discriminate safe from predator-occupied flowers, subjects ignored other bees and the social information potentially provided by them, demonstrating that attraction towards conspecifics is confined to dangerous situations. Our findings demonstrate a previously unknown social interaction in pollinators which may have important implications for plant–pollinator interactions.

Neo-Malthusians, Eugenists, and the Declining Birth-Rate in England, 1900-1918

1978 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Allen Soloway
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Birth Control ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
World War ◽  
Education Society ◽  
The Social ◽  
Birth Control Movement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World

Recent studies of the social history of birth control in America have noted the importance of eugenics in securing the acceptance of family planning between the two world wars. Similarly in England the endorsement of contraception as a method of “race improvement” by eugenists in the scientific, medical, academic and ecclesiastical communities greatly enhanced the credence and respectability of the birth control movement. In the anti-racist, genetically more sophisticated climate since the Second World War it is often forgotten how pervasive eugenic assumptions about human inheritance were in learned and socially elevated circles in the early twentieth century. Belief in the inheritability of myriad physical, psychological and behavioral characteristics, identifiable, even quantifiable, in particular ethnic groups and social classes was reinforced by expert scientific testimony, and, perhaps equally important, middle and upper class prejudices.Birth control leaders, whose respectability was always in some doubt, were for the most part no exception and readily mingled with the estimable worthies who adorned the ranks of the elitist Eugenics Education Society founded in 1907. Several officers of the old Malthusian League, including its last president, Charles Vickery Drysdale, and his wife, Bessie, were early if troublesome recruits to the Society, while Marie Stopes, the most dynamic promoter of birth control in England in the inter-war years, joined in 1912, and eventually became a Life Fellow who left the organization a financial legacy, her famous clinic and much of her library, upon her death in 1958.

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