Administration of GnRH at Onset of Estrus, Determined by Automatic Activity Monitoring, to Improve Dairy Cow Fertility during the Summer and Autumn

We examined gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) administration at onset of estrus (OE), determined by automatic activity monitoring (AAM), to improve fertility of dairy cows during the summer and autumn. The study was performed on two dairy farms in Israel. The OE was determined by AAM recorded every 2 h, and a single im dose of GnRH analogue was administered shortly after OE. Pregnancy was determined by transrectal palpation, 40 to 45 d after artificial insemination (AI). Conception risk was analyzed by the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. Brief visual observation of behavioral estrus indicated that about three-quarters of the events (n = 40) of visually detected OE occurred within 6 h of AAM-detected OE. Accordingly, the GnRH analogue was administered within 5 h of AAM-detected OE, to overlap with the expected endogenous preovulatory LH surge. Overall, pregnancy per AI (P/AI) was monitored over the entire experimental period (summer and autumn) in 233 first, second or third AI (116 and 117 AI for treated and control groups, respectively). Least square means of P/AI for treated (45.8%) and control (39.4%) groups did not differ, but group-by-season interaction tended to differ (p = 0.07), indicating no effect of treatment in the summer and a marked effect of GnRH treatment (n = 58 AI) compared to controls (n = 59 AI) on P/AI in the autumn (56.6% vs. 28.5%, p < 0.03). During the autumn, GnRH-treated mature cows (second or more lactations), and postpartum cows exhibiting metabolic and uterine diseases, tended to have much larger P/AI than their control counterparts (p = 0.07–0.08). No effect of treatment was recorded in the autumn in first parity cows or in uninfected, healthy cows. In conclusion, administration of GnRH within 5 h of AAM-determined OE improved conception risk in cows during the autumn, particularly in those exhibiting uterine or metabolic diseases postpartum and in mature cows. Incorporation of the proposed GnRH treatment shortly after AAM-detected OE into a synchronization program is suggested, to improve fertility of positively responding subpopulations of cows.

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Effect of Treatment With Gonadoreline at the Embryo Transfer on Pregnancy Outcomes in Bovine.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-765941/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Melissa Lobato Defensor ◽

Ana Cláudia Fagundes Faria ◽

Flávio Luiz Alves Marques ◽

Gustavo Pereira Cadima ◽

Mayara Oliveira Mafra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Embryo Transfer ◽

Pregnancy Loss ◽

Treated Group ◽

Gnrh Analogue ◽

Lactating Cows ◽

Commercial Farms ◽

Effect Of Treatment ◽

And Control ◽

Animal Category

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess whether administration of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist gonadorelin would increase conception rates at 30 (P / ET 30) and 60 (P / ET 60) days of gestation and reduce pregnancy losses (PL) in embryo recipients and what would be the correlation between the animal category and the season of the year in which the embryo transfer would occur. The experiment was conducted on 11 commercial farms in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Recipients were randomly divided into groups: treated (n = 624), cows that received 0.1 mg gonadorelin on the day of FTET, and control (n = 687), untreated cows. All embryos were produced in vitro from oocyte donors of different races. Recipients were classified as heifers, dry cows or lactating cows. Higher conception rate was observed at 30 days (p = 0.03) and 60 days (p = 0.01) in the treated group (45.8%; 43.0%, respectively). Dry and lactating cows had less pregnancy loss (p = 0.001) compared to heifers (2.70% and 2.47% vs 10.42%, respectively). During spring/summer, there was less P/FTET at 30 days (0.024). Embryo transfer carried out in the warmer seasons of the year reduced the pregnancy rate to 60 days and increased pregnancy loss. As an implication, the use of the GnRH analogue can be used as a tool to increase fertility in embryo recipients.

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Obesity management through Ayurveda - A Case Study

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences (JAIMS) ◽

10.21760/jaims.v2i4.9377 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Dheeraj Kumar Tyagi ◽

Shivakumar .

Keyword(s):

Clinical Findings ◽

Dietary Habit ◽

Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽

Lifestyle Management ◽

Before And After ◽

Effect Of Treatment ◽

And Control

Lifestyle disorders are one of the biggest threats for the population living unhealthy lifestyle. Sthoulya (Obesity) is one such disorder which creates lot of physical as well as mental disorder to the sufferer. Due to changing lifestyle, comforts and dietary habit lots of individuals changed their life totally. Obesity is a growing disease in developed and developing countries. Prevalence is drastically hike in past few years. Ayurveda, the science of life with which we can manage and control lots of lifestyle disorders. Focusing on dietary and lifestyle management along with treatment, we can overcome the hazards of obesity which is growing in a uncontrolled manner. The available data is based on the clinical findings only. Aim and objective: To assess the effect of “Guru Cha Atarpanam Chikitsa” in the management of Sthoulya. Setting: Swastharakshana evam Yoga, OPD and IPD, SDMCAH, Hassan. Method: Udwarthana, Parisheka, Shamana Aushadhis, Ahara, and Vihara was followed within the treatment duration and effect of treatment was assessed before and after treatment, advised for follow up. Results: The treatment adopted is effective in the management of Sthoulya and to improve the quality of life.

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PSV-6 Effects of chilled drinking water and cooled floor pads on behavior of lactating sows under heat stress

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa054.270 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 153-154

Author(s):

Yuzhi Li ◽

Yunhui Zhu ◽

Michael Reese ◽

Eric Buchanan ◽

Lee Johnston

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Time Budget ◽

Calculated Data ◽

Video Recordings ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Lactating Sows ◽

Effect Of Treatment ◽

Drinking Frequency ◽

And Control

Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate effects of chilled drinking water and cooled floor pads on behavior of lactating sows under heat stress. Sows were housed in individual farrowing stalls in two rooms with temperatures being controlled at 29.4°C (0700h to 1900h) and 23.9°C (1900h to 0700h). Sows in one room (treatment), but not in the other room (control) were provided with chilled drinking water (13 to 15°C) and cooled floor pads (15 to 18°C). Behavior of sows (n=15 sows/treatment; parity=1 to 6) was video recorded during farrowing, and d 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 after farrowing. Videos were viewed to register birth time of each piglet. Number of drinking bouts and duration of each bout were registered for 2 h (1530h to 1730h) each day after farrowing. Postures (lying laterally, lying ventrally, sitting, and standing) were recorded by scanning video-recordings at 5-min intervals for 24 h each day after farrowing, and time budget for each posture was calculated. Data were analyzed using the Glimmix Procedure of SAS. No effect of treatment was detected for litter size born, farrowing duration, or birth interval (P >0.33; Table 1). Neither frequency nor duration of drinking bouts was affected by treatment (P >0.27). No significant difference was observed in time budget for each posture (P >0.46) between treatment and control groups. As lactation progressed, sows increased drinking frequency (from 1.2 drinks/2h on d 1 to 4.9 drinks/2h on d 21; P< 0.001) and time spent lying ventrally (8% to 14%; P< 0.0001), standing (4% to 10%; P< 0.001), and sitting (2% to 4%; P< 0.0001), and decreased time spent lying laterally (86% to 67%; P< 0.0001) in both control and treatment rooms. These results indicate that chilled drinking water and cooled floor pads did not affect behavior of sows during farrowing and lactation in the current study.

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Proanthocyanidins against Oxidative Stress: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Applications

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2018/8584136 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Lingyu Yang ◽

Dehai Xian ◽

Xia Xiong ◽

Rui Lai ◽

Jing Song ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Signaling Pathways ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Low Cost ◽

Natural Agents ◽

Molecular Damage ◽

And Control

Proanthocyanidins (PCs) are naturally occurring polyphenolic compounds abundant in many vegetables, plant skins (rind/bark), seeds, flowers, fruits, and nuts. Numerousin vitroandin vivostudies have demonstrated myriad effects potentially beneficial to human health, such as antioxidation, anti-inflammation, immunomodulation, DNA repair, and antitumor activity. Accumulation of prooxidants such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) exceeding cellular antioxidant capacity results in oxidative stress (OS), which can damage macromolecules (DNA, lipids, and proteins), organelles (membranes and mitochondria), and whole tissues. OS is implicated in the pathogenesis and exacerbation of many cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, dermatological, and metabolic diseases, both through direct molecular damage and secondary activation of stress-associated signaling pathways. PCs are promising natural agents to safely prevent acute damage and control chronic diseases at relatively low cost. In this review, we summarize the molecules and signaling pathways involved in OS and the corresponding therapeutic mechanisms of PCs.

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Response of beef heifers and non-suckling beef cows to different oestrous synchronization protocols

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s135772980005270x ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 74 (3) ◽

pp. 547-552 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

D. Cavestany ◽

N. Negrin ◽

R. Negrin ◽

J. F. Groth

Keyword(s):

Beef Cattle ◽

Medroxyprogesterone Acetate ◽

Artificial Insemination ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Fixed Time ◽

Beef Cows ◽

Pregnancy Rates ◽

Gnrh Analogue ◽

Beef Heifers

AbstractThe objective was to evaluate different oestrous synchronization schemes in beef cattle under range conditions. In experiment 1, 202 heifers averaging 26 months of age were assigned randomly to three treatments: (a) GnRH-PG. (no. = 44) day 0 (D0): injection of GnRH; D7: injection of PGF2α; D0 to D25 oestrous detection (OD) and artificial insemination (AI); (b) OD-PG. (no. = 45) D0 to D4; OD + AI; D5: injection of PGF2α; D5 to D25 OD + AI; and (c)Ovsynch. (no. = 113) D0: injection of GnRH; D7: injection of PGF2α; D9: injection of GnRH and 16 h later AI at fixed time. In experiment 2, 318 non-suckling cows were assigned randomly to three treatments: (a) GnRH-PG. (no. = 106) D0: injection of GnRH; D7: injection of PGF2α; D0 to D25 OD + AI; (b) GnRH-MAP-PG. (no. = 106) D0: injection of a GnRH analogue and insertion of an intravaginal sponge impregnated with 250 mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate; D7: injection of PGF2α and sponge withdrawal; D0 to D25 OD + AI; (c) controls. (no. = 106) OD and AI. The experimental period lasted 25 days and, with exception of the Ovsynch treatment, oestrous detection was carried out twice a day (a.m./p.m.) and inseminations performed 12 h later. The pregnancy rates assessed by ultrasonography 30 days after AI were: experiment 1: (a) 30·0%; (b) 28·6% and (c) 62·3% (P < 0·05); experiment 2: (a) 60·2%; (b) 57·8% and (c) 45·5% (P < 0·05). It is concluded that in heifers and non-suckling cows, oestrous synchronization treatments result in higher pregnancy rates. In non-suckling cows, the addition of a progestagen did not improve the response.

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Association between ambient temperature and humidity, vaginal temperature, and automatic activity monitoring on induced estrus in lactating cows

Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.3168/jds.2017-12656 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 100 (10) ◽

pp. 8590-8601 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Liam B. Polsky ◽

Augusto M.L. Madureira ◽

Eraldo L. Drago Filho ◽

Sergio Soriano ◽

Alex. F. Sica ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ambient Temperature ◽

Activity Monitoring ◽

Automatic Activity ◽

Lactating Cows ◽

Temperature And Humidity ◽

Vaginal Temperature

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The analysis of surface saccharide profiles through fluorescein-labelled lectins in a rat pancreatic tissue with established metabolic syndrome model

Turkish Journal of Biochemistry ◽

10.1515/tjb-2017-0194 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 98-104

Author(s):

Yosun Mater ◽

Sule Beyhan-Ozdas

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Pancreatic Tissue ◽

Control Group ◽

High Fructose Diet ◽

Tissue Sections ◽

Membrane Surfaces ◽

High Fructose ◽

A Cell ◽

And Control

Abstract“Glycans”, which are generally referred as oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, are structures that are present on all cellular surfaces with proteins and lipids being attached to their basic chain structures. Many studies in the field of glycobiology have identified the various and complicated biological roles of these glycans which make them perfect molecules to use in labelling and selecting body cells specifically. This study aims at analyzing the modifications in saccharide units of glycans on a cell membrane surfaces of the pancreatic tissue of rats to which normal and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are established. To this end, a MetS model was created through a high fructose diet in Spraque Dawley breed of rats and the pancreatic tissue sections of the group with MetS and control group animals were evaluated comparatively. The targeted saccharide units were examined with Fluorescent Microscope by using two different Fluorescein (FITC) labelled lectins, namely Maackia amurensis-1 lectin [FITC-(MAL-I)] and the Wheat Germ Agglutinin (FITC-WGA). It was observed that FITC-MAL-1-labelled Galβ4GlcNAc units did not change much due to high- fructose diet. On the other hand, more GlcNAc, Neu5Ac and β-GlcNAc units which are labelled with FITC-WGA lectin increase in numbers in pancreatic sections of high fructose diet, compared to control group. Thus, a rapid and specific labelling method, which can identify surface saccharide sequences specifically, was developed. The method can be used in early diagnosis and/or treatment for metabolic diseases.

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Spatial Analysis and Geographic Factors Associated with Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Southern Iran

Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development ◽

10.18502/jehsd.v5i1.2474 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mehdi Sharafi ◽

Zahra Poormotaseri ◽

Jalal Karimi ◽

Shahab Rezaeian ◽

Seyedeh Leila Dehghani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Analysis ◽

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽

Weather Forecast ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Least Square ◽

Environmental Data ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Fars Province ◽

Disease Pattern ◽

And Control

Introduction: This study aimed to determine the hotspot areas for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) in Fasa city and assess the relations between the geographical factors with CL incidence using spatial analysis. Materials and Methods: This ecological study was conducted in Fasa city, data of the CL disease such as the total number of CL cases and the population at risk from 2009 to 2014. Weather conditions' data including the means of temperature, humidity, rainfall, sunny days, rainy days, and evaporation were collected from the weather forecast centers in Fars province. The disease cases' information such as the number of disease cases was collected from all healthcare centers located in Fasa City. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and Global Moran’s Index (GMI) were used to assess the associations of the various environmental variables with CL incidence and to map clustering of CL cases across the region. Results: The cumulative incidence of CL was 16 per 10,000 populations during a six-year period. The results showed the southern area of Fasa as a hotspot area which is considered as hyperendemic foci for CL. OLS revealed a high incidence of CL in areas with maximum temperature, mean of temperature, mean of evaporation, sunny days and wind velocity. Conclusion: A spatial disease pattern was found in the present study. Hence, substantial consideration to environmental data leads to not only suitable protection against CL but also designing a suitable measure for the prevention and control of the disease.

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Assessment Of Stress On Serum Estradiol Levels In Female Subordinate Naked Mole Rats Following Isolation From Natal Colony

10.21203/rs.2.14841/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

AMOS ONYANSI MAKORI ◽

A. W. NYONGESA ◽

H. ODONGO ◽

R. J. MASAI

Keyword(s):

Social Stress ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Reproductive Suppression ◽

Significance Level ◽

Elisa Technique ◽

Female Subordinate ◽

Set Up ◽

And Control ◽

Assessment Of Stress ◽

Hormonal Analysis

Abstract Objective: This study investigated the effects of isolation of subordinate naked mole rats from natal colonies on their reproductive success. The study aimed at establishing whether the reproductive suppression in subordinate naked mole rats is the outcome of social stress exerted by breeding female in the colony or other unknown environmental factors within the colony set-up. Blood samples from experimental and control groups were collected on 2nd, 4th, 6th , 8th, 12th and 20th weeks of experimental period for hormonal analysis using ELISA technique. The Statistical analysis done using student t-test at 5% significance level. Results: Hormone analysis showed significant change in both cortisol (t = 8.74, P=0.01) and estradiol (t=7.15, P=0.02) of subordinate isolated females. Results showed no correlation between stress and cyclicity. Conclusively, the observed reproductive suppression among subordinate naked mole rats in natal colonies is probably due to presence of queen or other reproductive aspects that may not be directly related to stress.

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