scholarly journals High ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase content in northern diatom species

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Gerecht ◽  
G. K. Eriksen ◽  
M. Uradnikova ◽  
H. C. Eilertsen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Cellular Protein ◽  
Diatom Species ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Total Cellular Protein

Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) is a fundamental enzyme in CO2-fixation in photoautotrophic organisms. Nonetheless, it has been recently suggested that the contribution of this enzyme to total cellular protein is low in phytoplankton, including diatoms (< 6%). Here we show that RuBisCO content is high in some diatom species isolated from northern waters (> 69°N). Two species contained the highest RuBisCO levels ever reported for phytoplankton (36% of total protein). These high RuBisCO requirements do not increase these species’ requirements for nitrogen and do not impart a fitness disadvantage in terms of growth rate. On the contrary, high RuBisCO levels in psychrophilic diatoms may be a necessary mechanism to maintain high growth rates at low temperature at which enzymatic rates are low.

HIGH GROWTH-RATE DEPOSITION OF μc-Si:H THIN FILM AT LOW TEMPERATURE WITH VHF-PECVD

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (28n29) ◽  
pp. 4259-4262 ◽  
Author(s):  
HUIDONG YANG ◽  
CHUNYA WU ◽  
YAOHUA MAI ◽  
HONGBO LI ◽  
YAN LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Optical Emission Spectroscopy ◽  
Excitation Frequency ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
High Growth Rate ◽  
Working Pressure ◽  
The Relationship

High growth rate deposition of μ c - Si:H film with VHF-PECVD at low temperature has been reported. Investigations showed that growth rates enhanced with higher excitation frequency and working pressure, but increased at first then decreased with the increase of plasma power. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) was introduced to monitor VHF plasma. The relationship between the growth rates and the OES results has been discussed. Raman spectra were also used to study the a - Si:H /μ c - Si:H phase transition. Finally a high growth rate of 2.0nm/s has been obtained through the initially optimized condition.

Very High Growth Rate of 4H-SiC Using MTS as Chloride-Based Precursor

2008 ◽  
Vol 600-603 ◽  
pp. 115-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Pedersen ◽  
Stefano Leone ◽  
Anne Henry ◽  
Franziska Christine Beyer ◽  
Vanya Darakchieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Linear Dependence ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Molar Fraction ◽  
High Growth ◽  
High Growth Rate ◽  
Epitaxial Layers ◽  
Single Precursor ◽  
Very High

The chlorinated precursor methyltrichlorosilane (MTS), CH3SiCl3, has been used to grow epitaxial layers of 4H-SiC in a hot wall CVD reactor, with growth rates as high as 170 µm/h at 1600°C. Since MTS contains both silicon and carbon, with the C/Si ratio 1, MTS was used both as single precursor and mixed with silane or ethylene to study the effect of the C/Si and Cl/Si ratios on growth rate and doping of the epitaxial layers. When using only MTS as precursor, the growth rate showed a linear dependence on the MTS molar fraction in the reactor up to about 100 µm/h. The growth rate dropped for C/Si < 1 but was constant for C/Si > 1. Further, the growth rate decreased with lower Cl/Si ratio.

Low‐temperature cadmium telluride homoepitaxy at high growth rates

1989 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 1932-1935
Author(s):  
N. W. Cody ◽  
U. Sudarsan ◽  
R. Solanki
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cadmium Telluride ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
High Growth

scholarly journals Rapid Growth of UropathogenicEscherichia coliduring Human Urinary Tract Infection

mBio ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie S. Forsyth ◽  
Chelsie E. Armbruster ◽  
Sara N. Smith ◽  
Ali Pirani ◽  
A. Cody Springman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Replication Forks ◽  
Chromosomal Replication ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections

ABSTRACTUropathogenicEscherichia coli(UPEC) strains cause most uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs). These strains are a subgroup of extraintestinal pathogenicE. coli(ExPEC) strains that infect extraintestinal sites, including urinary tract, meninges, bloodstream, lungs, and surgical sites. Here, we hypothesize that UPEC isolates adapt to and grow more rapidly within the urinary tract than otherE. coliisolates and survive in that niche. To date, there has not been a reliable method available to measure their growth ratein vivo. Here we used two methods: segregation of nonreplicating plasmid pGTR902, and peak-to-trough ratio (PTR), a sequencing-based method that enumerates bacterial chromosomal replication forks present during cell division. In the murine model of UTI, UPEC strain growth was robustin vivo, matching or exceedingin vitrogrowth rates and only slowing after reaching high CFU counts at 24 and 30 h postinoculation (hpi). In contrast, asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) strains tended to maintain high growth ratesin vivoat 6, 24, and 30 hpi, and population densities did not increase, suggesting that host responses or elimination limited population growth. Fecal strains displayed moderate growth rates at 6 hpi but did not survive to later times. By PTR,E. coliin urine of human patients with UTIs displayed extraordinarily rapid growth during active infection, with a mean doubling time of 22.4 min. Thus, in addition to traditional virulence determinants, including adhesins, toxins, iron acquisition, and motility, very high growth ratesin vivoand resistance to the innate immune response appear to be critical phenotypes of UPEC strains.IMPORTANCEUropathogenicEscherichia coli(UPEC) strains cause most urinary tract infections in otherwise healthy women. While we understand numerous virulence factors are utilized byE. colito colonize and persist within the urinary tract, these properties are inconsequential unless bacteria can divide rapidly and survive the host immune response. To determine the contribution of growth rate to successful colonization and persistence, we employed two methods: one involving the segregation of a nonreplicating plasmid in bacteria as they divide and the peak-to-trough ratio, a sequencing-based method that enumerates chromosomal replication forks present during cell division. We found that UPEC strains divide extraordinarily rapidly during human UTIs. These techniques will be broadly applicable to measurein vivogrowth rates of other bacterial pathogens during host colonization.

An analysis of growth of different cattle genotypes reared in different environments

1984 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Frisch ◽  
T. E. Vercoe
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Environmental Stresses ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminths ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
High Growth Potential

SummaryCalves from three breeds, Brahman, Hereford × Shorthorn (HS) and Brahman × HS (BX), were divided equally into two groups, one of which was treated every 3 weeks from birth onwards to control ticks and gastrointestinal helminths, and one of which was untreated. Mortalities, growth rates and levels of resistance to environmental stresses that affected both mortality and growth under grazing conditions were recorded for all animals up to weaning (6 months) and for all males up to 15 months of age. The Brahmans were the most and the HS were the least resistant to environmental stresses, each of which was shown to depress growth in proportion to its magnitude and to contribute to the high mortalities of the HS. All breeds responded positively to parasite control with the greatest response in both survival and growth in the HS breed and the least response in the Brahman breed.Samples of males from the various breed-treatment groups were taken into pens where they were protected from environmental stresses and fed both low-quality pasture hay and high-quality lucerne hay ad libitum. Measurements were made of fasting metabolism, maintenance requirement, voluntary food intake and gain, variables related to the growth potential of each animal. The HS animals had the highest whilst the Brahmans had the lowest values for each variable.However, despite their low growth potential, the Brahmans had the highest growtli rate, and the HS, despite their high growth potential, had the lowest growth rate, when growth was measured in the presence of all environmental stresses. When parasites were controlled, growth rates were highest for the BX, the breed with intermediate growtli potential, and did not differ between the HS and Brahmans. These interactions arose because of the different contributions of resistance to environmental stresses and growth potential to growth rate measured at the different levels of environmental stresses. The relevance of these interactions to breed evaluation and cross-breeding is considered.Growth potential and resistance to environmental stresses were negatively correlated both between and within breeds, though the latter was biased by the effects of compensation. The influence of these relationships on the likely outcome of selection for increased growth rate, both between and within breeds, is discussed.

scholarly journals High growth rate hydride vapor phase epitaxy at low temperature through use of uncracked hydrides

2018 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 042101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin L. Schulte ◽  
Anna Braun ◽  
John Simon ◽  
Aaron J. Ptak
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Vapor Phase ◽  
High Growth ◽  
High Growth Rate ◽  
Vapor Phase Epitaxy ◽  
Hydride Vapor Phase Epitaxy

Ge Epitaxy on (100) Ge: High Growth Rates at Low Temperature from GeH4 using N2 as a Carrier Gas

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 209-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederik Leys ◽  
Renaud Bonzom ◽  
Roger Loo ◽  
Antoon Theuwis ◽  
Wilfried Vandervorst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Carrier Gas

Relationship between bone growth rate and bone tissue organization in amniotes: first test of Amprino's rule in a phylogenetic context

2010 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Castanet ◽  
Jorge Cubo ◽  
Laëtitia Montes
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Variation Partitioning ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Tissue Organization ◽  
Shared Ancestry ◽  
Functional Factors

AbstractA debate on the determinism (phylogenetic versus functional) of the diversity of bone histological features has centred the interest of bone comparative biologists. While some authors have noticed the presence of a phylogenetic signal in bone tissue variation, many others have argued that these characters may not include much phylogenetic information, but rather reflect functional factors. Here we quantify both components in a sample of amniotes. We hypothesize that: 1/ the observed variation is partly the outcome of shared ancestry (phylogenetic factor) and 2/ for a given quantity of bone produced, tissues formed at a rapid rate may have a higher fraction of vascular cavities than those produced at a slower rate (functional factor). Variation partitioning analyses show that the phylogeny explains a significant portion of the variation of bone vascularity (85.3%), bone growth rate also explains a significant portion of this variation (68.3%), and there is an important overlap (67.9%). Finally, an optimization through least-squares parsimony of bone growth rates onto the phylogeny shows that the most important evolutionary change may have occurred after the split between crocodiles and birds. This change may be linked to the origin of avian endothermic metabolism because high growth rates involve high protein turnover, which is very energy consuming. We conclude that the debate on the dichotomy between phylogenetic versus functional causation of bone histological diversity is misleading, because we have shown that bone vascularity has, at the same time, a functional significance and a phylogenetic signal.

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