An updated analysis of opioids increasing the risk of fractures

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the relationship between opioid therapy for chronic noncancer pain and fracture risk by a meta-analysis of cohort studies and case-control studies.MethodsThe included cohort studies and case-control studies were identified by searching the PubMed and EMBASE databases from their inception until May 24, 2019. The outcome of interest was a fracture. This information was independently screened by two authors. When the heterogeneity among studies was significant, a random effects model was used to determine the overall combined risk estimate.ResultsIn total, 12 cohort studies and 6 case-control studies were included. We used the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) to evaluate the quality of the included literature, and 14 of the studies were considered high-quality studies. The overall relative risk of opioid therapy and fractures was 1.78 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.53 - 2.07). Subgroup analyses revealed sources of heterogeneity, sensitivity analysis was stable, and no publication bias was observed.ConclusionsThe meta-analysis showed that the use of opioids significantly increased the risk of fracture.

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The association between Helicobacter pylori and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of case–control studies

Clinical Diabetes and Endocrinology ◽

10.1186/s40842-021-00131-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ali Baradaran ◽

Hojat Dehghanbanadaki ◽

Sara Naderpour ◽

Leila Mohammadi Pirkashani ◽

Abdolhalim Rajabi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Odds Ratio ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Pooled Analysis ◽

Case Control ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity ◽

Quantitative Analyses ◽

H Pylori

Abstract Introduction The relationship between H. pylori infection and obesity development has remained controversial among various studies. The aim of this study was to clarify the pooled effect of H. pylori infection on the development of obesity and vice versa. Methods We searched international databases including Medline (PubMed), Web of sciences, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane, Ovid, and CINHAL to retrieve all case–control studies reporting the effect of H. pylori on obesity and vice versa, which had been published in English between January 1990 and June 2019. The quality of included studies was assessed by the Modified Newcastle–Ottawa Scale for Case–Control studies. The logarithm of the odds ratio (OR) and its standard error was used for the meta-analysis. Results Eight case–control studies with 25,519 participants were included for qualitative and quantitative analyses. The pooled analysis showed that obese participants had a higher risk of H. pylori infection than lean participants with an odds ratio of 1.46 (95%CI: 1.26, 1.68). Also, the pooled analysis revealed that participants infected by H. pylori had a higher risk of obesity than non-infected participants with an odds ratio of 1.01 (95%CI: 1.01, 1.02). Conclusion The results of this meta-analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between the risk of H. pylori infection and the prevalence of obesity development. Thus, H. pylori positive patients were more likely to be obese, and obese individuals had higher risks of H. pylori infection.

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Traumatic Injury and Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques ◽

10.1017/s0317167100013688 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 168-176 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Sharon A. Warren ◽

Susan Armijo Olivo ◽

Jorge Fuentes Contreras ◽

Karen V. L. Turpin ◽

Douglas P. Gross ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Traumatic Injury ◽

Case Control ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Newcastle Ottawa Scale

A systematic review/meta-analysis of literature addressing a possible association between traumatic injury and onset of multiple sclerosis was conducted. Medline, Embase, Cochrane DSR, Ovid HealthStar, CINAHL, ISI Web of Science and Scopus were searched for analytical studies from 1950 to 2011. Two investigators independently reviewed articles for inclusion, assessing their quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Of the 13 case-control studies included, 8 were moderate quality and 5 low; of the 3 cohort studies 2 were high and 1 moderate. Meta-analysis including moderate and low quality case-control studies produced a modest but significant odds ratio: 1.41 (95% confidence interval: 1.03, 1.93). However, when low quality studies were excluded, the resulting odds ratio was non-significant. Cohort studies produced a non-significant standardized incidence ratio of 1.00 (95% confidence interval: 0.86, 1.16). These findings support the conclusion that there is no association between traumatic injury and multiple sclerosis onset; more high quality cohort studies would help to confirm this observation.

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Relationship between serum uric acid, all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in peritoneal dialysis patients: systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052274 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. e052274

Author(s):

Xue Xue ◽

Chun-Li Lu ◽

Xin-Yan Jin ◽

Xue-Han Liu ◽

Min Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Case Control ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Retrospective Cohort Studies ◽

The Relationship

ObjectivesTo analyse the relationship between serum uric acid (SUA), all-cause and cardiovascular (CV) mortality in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients to inform clinical practice and future research.DesignA systematic review of observational studies.Data sourcesPubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), SinoMed, Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP) and Wan Fang databases were searched from their inception to January 2021 for cohort and case–control studies reporting SUA and mortality in patients with PD.MethodsThe Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale was used to appraise quality of cohort and case–control studies. Effect estimates were presented as HRs with 95% CIs in a meta-analysis using STATA V.16.0. Data not suitable for pooling were synthesised qualitatively.ResultsFourteen cohort studies with 24 022 patients were included. No case–control studies were identified. For prospective cohort studies, pooled results for the highest SUA category were significantly greater than the lowest for all-cause (one study; 1278participants; HR 1.79; 95% CI 1.17 to 2.75) and CV mortality (one study; 1278 participants; HR 2.63; 1.62–4.27). An increase of 1 mg/dL in SUA level was associated with a 16% increased risk of all-cause mortality (one study; 1278 participants; HR 1.16; 1.03–1.32) and 34% increased CV mortality risk (one study; 1278 participants; HR 1.34; 1.16–1.55). For retrospective cohort studies, the highest SUA category did not demonstrate an elevated all-cause (five studies; 4570 participants; HR 1.09; 0.70–1.70) or CV mortality (three studies; 3748 participants; HR 1.00; 0.44–2.31) compared with the lowest SUA category. Additionally, there was no increase in all-cause (eight studies; 11 541 participants; HR 0.94; 0.88–1.02) or CV mortality (three studies; 7427 participants; HR 0.90; 0.76–1.06) for every 1 mg/dL increase in SUA level.ConclusionsResults of prospective and retrospective cohort studies were inconsistent. Consequently, prospective, multicentre, long-term follow-up studies are required to confirm the relationship between SUA and mortality in patients with PD.

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Relationship between antidepressive agents and incidence risk of breast cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis

Future Oncology ◽

10.2217/fon-2020-0822 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rui Li ◽

Xiuxia Li ◽

Peijing Yan ◽

Zhitong Bing ◽

Liujiao Cao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Antidepressive Agents ◽

Case Control ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Incidence Risk ◽

Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽

Nested Case Control

Purpose: This study aimed to review the association between antidepressive agent (AD) use and the incidence risk of breast cancer. Methods: CBM, WOS, Embase, PubMed and Cochrane Library were systematically searched in July 2019. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed through the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Results: We included 19 studies from six countries or regions with relationships between breast cancer and ADs. Subgroup analysis showed no significant association in nested case–control or case–control studies; however, cohort studies revealed a significant association (odds ratio = 1.11; 95% CI: 1.04–1.17). Conclusions: This meta-analysis indicates that breast cancer was not associated with the use of ADs when considering all types of studies, but an association was observed if we considered cohort studies.

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Relationship Between Adoption and Suicide Attempts: A Meta-analysis

international journal high risk behaviors & addiction ◽

10.5812/ijhrba.106880 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Adalberto Campo-Arias ◽

Jorge Armando Egurrola-Pedraza ◽

Edwin Herazo

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Suicide Attempt ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Case Control ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Mental Problems ◽

Control Designs

Context: Several investigations have shown that people in an adoption situation have a higher frequency of mental problems or disorders than the general population. However, no known meta-analysis consolidates information about the association between the adoption situation and suicide attempt. Objectives: We aimed to systematically evaluate the primary observational studies that quantified the association between the being adopted and suicide attempt. Methods: A systematic review was designed that used a logical strategy based on specific descriptors in Spanish, English, and Portuguese, in combination with the Boolean operators (AND, OR). The search was performed on the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Health Virtual Library, ProQuest, EBSCOhost, PsycArticles, BioMed Central, and Sage Journal. Articles were included until December 2018. The quality of the studies was evaluated with a tool based on the STROBE criteria. Results: Six studies met the inclusion criteria. Three studies used case-control designs and the remaining three were cohort studies. Case-control studies computed 69 suicide attempts in 1,216 adopted people compared to 436 attempts amidst 20,555 non-adopted people (OR = 2.30, 95% CI 1.24 - 4.28, I2 = 61%). Cohort studies computed 536 suicide attempts among 36,965 people in adoption compared to 15,112 attempts in 3,118,069 non-adopted people (RR = 2.99, 95% CI 2.54 - 3.53, I2 = 73%). Conclusions: The adoption situation can increase suicide attempts; it predicts at least two times more cases of suicide attempts among adopted people than in the general population.

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Coffee consumption and risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980012002601 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 346-357 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

Guowei Li ◽

Defu Ma ◽

Yumei Zhang ◽

Wei Zheng ◽

Peiyu Wang

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Colon Cancer ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Coffee Consumption ◽

Case Control ◽

Colorectal Cancer Risk ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

The Relationship

AbstractObjectiveSeparate meta-analyses based on case–control and cohort studies have reported different results on the relationship between coffee consumption and colorectal cancer risk. To clarify the effect of coffee intake on colorectal cancer risk, we performed a meta-analysis based on both case–control and cohort studies.DesignReview study.SettingWe identified case–control and cohort studies related to coffee consumption and colorectal cancer risk listed on MEDLINE, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, EMBASE, Science Citation Index and PubMed (until May 2011).SubjectsResearch literature on the relationship between coffee consumption and colorectal cancer risk.ResultsTwenty-five case–control (15 522 cases) and sixteen cohort studies (10 443 cases) were included in the meta-analysis. Comparing the highest v. the lowest/non category of coffee consumption, the combined results from case–control studies showed a significant relationship with colorectal cancer (OR = 0·85, 95 % CI 0·75, 0·97) and colon cancer (OR = 0·79, 95 % CI 0·67, 0·95), but not rectal cancer (OR = 0·95, 95 % CI 0·79, 1·15). For cohort studies, there was a slight suggestion of an inverse association with colorectal cancer (relative ratio = 0·94; 95 % CI 0·88, 1·01) and colon cancer (OR = 0·93, 95 % CI 0·86, 1·01), rather than rectal cancer (OR = 0·98, 95 % CI 0·88, 1·09). In subgroup analyses using case–control studies, significant inverse associations were found in females for colorectal cancer and in Europe for colorectal and colon cancer, while the subgroup analyses of cohort studies found that coffee drinks substantially decreased risk of colon cancer only in Asian women.ConclusionsResults from case–control studies suggest coffee consumption can significantly decrease the risks of colorectal cancer and colon cancer, especially in Europe and for females.

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Association of multiple sclerosis with vitiligo: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-74298-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Meng-Han Shen ◽

Chau Yee Ng ◽

Kuo-Hsuan Chang ◽

Ching-Chi Chi

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Genetic Factors ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Case Control ◽

Systemic Review ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pooled Data ◽

Newcastle Ottawa Scale

Abstract Polyautoimmunity implicates that some autoimmune diseases share common etiopathogenesis. Some studies have reported an association between multiple sclerosis (MS) and vitiligo; meanwhile, other studies have failed to confirm this association. We performed a systemic review and meta-analysis to examine the association of MS with vitiligo. We searched the MEDLINE and Embase databases on March 8, 2020 for relevant case–control, cross-sectional, and cohort studies. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the risk of bias of the included studies. Where applicable, we performed a meta-analysis to calculate the pooled odds ratio (OR) for case–control/cross-sectional studies and risk ratio for cohort studies with 95% confidence interval (CI). Our search identified 285 citations after removing duplicates. Six case–control studies with 12,930 study subjects met our inclusion criteria. Our meta-analysis found no significant association of MS with prevalent vitiligo (pooled OR 1.33; 95% CI 0.80‒2.22). Analysis of the pooled data failed to display any increase of prevalent vitiligo in MS patients compared with controls. Ethnic and genetic factors may play an important role for sporadically observed associations between MS and vitiligo. Future studies of this association should therefore consider stratification by ethnic or genetic factors.

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Birth Weight and Subsequent Risk of Total Leukemia and Acute Leukemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Frontiers in Pediatrics ◽

10.3389/fped.2021.722471 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Hailuo Che ◽

Dunmei Long ◽

Qian Sun ◽

Lina Wang ◽

Yunbin Li

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Pooled Analysis ◽

Case Control ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Relationship ◽

Dose Dependent

Objective: Birth weight, an important indicator of fetal nutrition and degree of development, may affect the risk of subsequent leukemia. At present, little is known about the effect of birth weight on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and whether there is a dose-dependent relationship of birth weight with acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) and AML. To address these questions, the present work aimed to systematically investigate the relationship between birth weight and the risk of subsequent leukemia based on the current epidemiological studiesMethods: Relevant studies were systematically retrieved from electronic databases PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library, from inception to May 15th, 2021. Finally, 28 studies (including 21 case-control studies and 7 cohort studies) were included for the final meta-analysis. Results in cohort studies were performed by risk ratios (RRs), while those in case-control studies by odds ratios (ORs), and all results were assessed by adopting the random-effect model. Besides, a dose-dependent analysis was conducted based on the cohort studies.Results: Compared with the population with normal birth weight (NBW), the population with high birth weight (HBW) might have an increased risk of leukemia (OR 1.33, 95%CI 1.20–1.49; I2 0%). Meanwhile, low birth weight (LBW) was associated with a decreased risk of ALL, as evidenced from the pooled analysis of case-control studies (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.75–0.92; I2 23.3%). However, relative to NBW population, the HBW population might have an increased risk of ALL (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.20–1.35; I2 7%). There was no obvious evidence supporting the relationship between LBW and the risk of AML from the pooled analysis of case-control studies (OR, 1.11 95% CI 0.87–1.42; I2 31.7%).Conclusions: Overall, in children and young adults, HBW population may be associated with the risks of subsequent leukemia and AML relative to NBW population, but the supporting dose-dependent evidence is lacking. In addition, compared with NBW population, there is stronger evidence supporting a significantly increased risk of subsequent ALL in HBW population, and a decreased risk in LBW population in a dose-dependent manner. More prospective studies with large samples are warranted in the future to validate and complement these findings.

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Examining the relationship between pain interference, pain intensity, and mental health symptoms among veterans receiving long-term opioid therapy for chronic noncancer pain in primary care

Journal of Opioid Management ◽

10.5055/jom.2021.0661 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 289-299

Author(s):

Amanda Kutz, PhD ◽

Amber Martinson, PhD ◽

Katherine Stratton, PsyD ◽

Clayton Hamilton, PharmD ◽

Julie Carney, RN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Primary Care ◽

Pain Intensity ◽

Monitoring Program ◽

Opioid Therapy ◽

Pain Interference ◽

Chronic Noncancer Pain ◽

Noncancer Pain ◽

The Relationship

Objective: As part of the evaluation of the Whole Health Primary Care Pain Education and Opioid Monitoring Program (PC-POP), we examined the relationship between pain intensity, pain interference, and mental health symptoms among PC-POP enrollees.Design/methods: Retrospective cohort study examining self-reported symptoms of pain intensity, pain interference, anxiety, depression, substance use, and quality of life. Data were retrieved through a combination of chart review and data extracted from the VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure. Setting: Veterans Health Administration Health Care System Primary Care service.Subjects: Adult veterans with chronic noncancer pain receiving opioid therapy 3 months being managed in primary care and enrolled in PC-POP between August 1, 2018 and April 1, 2019.Results: A total of 439 participants were included in the final analysis. Results showed that anxiety has a unique relationship to pain intensity and that depression and quality of life have unique relationships to pain interference when relevant covariates, eg, gender, age, pain diagnosis, and predictors are examined among this unique sample of veterans enrolled in a pain and opioid education and monitoring program.Conclusions: Given that primary care is the dominant healthcare setting in which opioids are prescribed for chronic noncancer pain, further research is needed to examine factors that influence pain management in this setting. This study examined the role mental health factors have on pain intensity and pain interference among patients enrolled in an opioid monitoring program and found that anxiety and depression appear to uniquely predict how intensely and impactful these veterans experience their pain. This study extends the literature by examining such factors among a unique population that has yet to be studied and offers some recommendations for monitoring and practice.

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Dietary patterns and risk of bladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-022-12516-2 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mostafa Dianatinasab ◽

Elaheh Forozani ◽

Ali Akbari ◽

Nazanin Azmi ◽

Dariush Bastam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bladder Cancer ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Case Control ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Direct Association ◽

Protocol Registration ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background Several studies have investigated the relationship between dietary patterns and the risk of bladder cancer (BC) in different regions including Europe, the United States, and Asia, with no conclusive evidence. A meta-analysis was undertaken to integrate the most recent information on the relationship between a data-driven Western diet (WD), the Mediterranean diet (MD), and dietary-inflammatory-index (DII) and the risk of BC. Method We looked for published research into the relationship between dietary patterns and the incidence of BC in the PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus databases up until February 2021. Using a multivariate random-effects model, we compared the highest and lowest categories of WD, MD and DII patterns and provided the relative risk (RR) or odds ratios (OR) and 95 percent confidence intervals (CIs) for the relevant relationships. Results The analysis comprised 12 papers that were found to be suitable after scanning the databases. Both case–control (OR 0.73, 95% CI: 0.52, 0.94; I2 = 49.9%, n = 2) and cohort studies (RR 0.93, 95% CI: 0.88, 0.97; I2 = 63%, n = 4) found a substantial inverse association between MD and BC. In addition, although cohort studies (RR 1.53, 95% CI 1.37, 1.70; I2 = 0%, n = 2) showed a direct association between WD and BC, case–control studies (OR 1.33, 95% CI 0.81, 1.88; I2 = 68.5%, n = 2) did not. In cohort studies, we found no significant association between DII and BC (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.93, 1.12; I2 = 38.5%, n = 2). In case–control studies, however, a strong direct association between DII and BC was discovered (RR 2.04, 95% CI 1.23, 2.85; I2 = 0%, n = 2). Conclusion The current meta-analysis showed that MD and WD have protective and detrimental effects on BC risk, respectively. No significant association between DII and the risk of BC was observed. More research is still needed to confirm the findings. Additional study is warranted to better understand the etiological mechanisms underlying how different dietary patterns affect BC. Trial registration Protocol registration number:CRD42020155353. Database for protocol registration: The international prospective register of systematic reviews database (PROSPERO). Data of registration: August 2020.

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