Dietary patterns and risk of bladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background Several studies have investigated the relationship between dietary patterns and the risk of bladder cancer (BC) in different regions including Europe, the United States, and Asia, with no conclusive evidence. A meta-analysis was undertaken to integrate the most recent information on the relationship between a data-driven Western diet (WD), the Mediterranean diet (MD), and dietary-inflammatory-index (DII) and the risk of BC. Method We looked for published research into the relationship between dietary patterns and the incidence of BC in the PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus databases up until February 2021. Using a multivariate random-effects model, we compared the highest and lowest categories of WD, MD and DII patterns and provided the relative risk (RR) or odds ratios (OR) and 95 percent confidence intervals (CIs) for the relevant relationships. Results The analysis comprised 12 papers that were found to be suitable after scanning the databases. Both case–control (OR 0.73, 95% CI: 0.52, 0.94; I2 = 49.9%, n = 2) and cohort studies (RR 0.93, 95% CI: 0.88, 0.97; I2 = 63%, n = 4) found a substantial inverse association between MD and BC. In addition, although cohort studies (RR 1.53, 95% CI 1.37, 1.70; I2 = 0%, n = 2) showed a direct association between WD and BC, case–control studies (OR 1.33, 95% CI 0.81, 1.88; I2 = 68.5%, n = 2) did not. In cohort studies, we found no significant association between DII and BC (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.93, 1.12; I2 = 38.5%, n = 2). In case–control studies, however, a strong direct association between DII and BC was discovered (RR 2.04, 95% CI 1.23, 2.85; I2 = 0%, n = 2). Conclusion The current meta-analysis showed that MD and WD have protective and detrimental effects on BC risk, respectively. No significant association between DII and the risk of BC was observed. More research is still needed to confirm the findings. Additional study is warranted to better understand the etiological mechanisms underlying how different dietary patterns affect BC. Trial registration Protocol registration number:CRD42020155353. Database for protocol registration: The international prospective register of systematic reviews database (PROSPERO). Data of registration: August 2020.

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Birth Weight and Subsequent Risk of Total Leukemia and Acute Leukemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Frontiers in Pediatrics ◽

10.3389/fped.2021.722471 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Hailuo Che ◽

Dunmei Long ◽

Qian Sun ◽

Lina Wang ◽

Yunbin Li

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Pooled Analysis ◽

Case Control ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Relationship ◽

Dose Dependent

Objective: Birth weight, an important indicator of fetal nutrition and degree of development, may affect the risk of subsequent leukemia. At present, little is known about the effect of birth weight on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and whether there is a dose-dependent relationship of birth weight with acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) and AML. To address these questions, the present work aimed to systematically investigate the relationship between birth weight and the risk of subsequent leukemia based on the current epidemiological studiesMethods: Relevant studies were systematically retrieved from electronic databases PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library, from inception to May 15th, 2021. Finally, 28 studies (including 21 case-control studies and 7 cohort studies) were included for the final meta-analysis. Results in cohort studies were performed by risk ratios (RRs), while those in case-control studies by odds ratios (ORs), and all results were assessed by adopting the random-effect model. Besides, a dose-dependent analysis was conducted based on the cohort studies.Results: Compared with the population with normal birth weight (NBW), the population with high birth weight (HBW) might have an increased risk of leukemia (OR 1.33, 95%CI 1.20–1.49; I2 0%). Meanwhile, low birth weight (LBW) was associated with a decreased risk of ALL, as evidenced from the pooled analysis of case-control studies (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.75–0.92; I2 23.3%). However, relative to NBW population, the HBW population might have an increased risk of ALL (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.20–1.35; I2 7%). There was no obvious evidence supporting the relationship between LBW and the risk of AML from the pooled analysis of case-control studies (OR, 1.11 95% CI 0.87–1.42; I2 31.7%).Conclusions: Overall, in children and young adults, HBW population may be associated with the risks of subsequent leukemia and AML relative to NBW population, but the supporting dose-dependent evidence is lacking. In addition, compared with NBW population, there is stronger evidence supporting a significantly increased risk of subsequent ALL in HBW population, and a decreased risk in LBW population in a dose-dependent manner. More prospective studies with large samples are warranted in the future to validate and complement these findings.

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Dietary patterns and CVD: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114515003177 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 114 (9) ◽

pp. 1341-1359 ◽

Cited By ~ 75

Author(s):

Míriam Rodríguez-Monforte ◽

Gemma Flores-Mateo ◽

Emília Sánchez

Keyword(s):

Cohort Studies ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Case Control ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Chd Risk ◽

Control Comparison

AbstractEpidemiological studies show that diet is linked to the risk of developing CVD. The objective of this meta-analysis was to estimate the association between empirically derived dietary patterns and CVD. PubMed was searched for observational studies of data-driven dietary patterns that reported outcomes of cardiovascular events. The association between dietary patterns and CVD was estimated using a random-effects meta-analysis with 95 % CI. Totally, twenty-two observational studies met the inclusion criteria. The pooled relative risk (RR) for CVD, CHD and stroke in a comparison of the highest to the lowest category of prudent/healthy dietary patterns in cohort studies was 0·69 (95 % CI 0·60, 0·78; I2=0 %), 0·83 (95 % CI 0·75, 0·92; I2=44·6 %) and 0·86 (95 % CI 0·74, 1·01; I2=59·5 %), respectively. The pooled RR of CHD in a case–control comparison of the highest to the lowest category of prudent/healthy dietary patterns was 0·71 (95 % CI 0·63, 0·80; I2=0 %). The pooled RR for CVD, CHD and stroke in a comparison of the highest to the lowest category of western dietary patterns in cohort studies was 1·14 (95 % CI 0·92, 1·42; I2=56·9 %), 1·03 (95 % CI 0·90, 1·17; I2=59·4 %) and 1·05 (95 % CI 0·91, 1·22; I2=27·6 %), respectively; in case–control studies, there was evidence of increased CHD risk. Our results support the evidence of the prudent/healthy pattern as a protective factor for CVD.

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Relationship between serum uric acid, all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in peritoneal dialysis patients: systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052274 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. e052274

Author(s):

Xue Xue ◽

Chun-Li Lu ◽

Xin-Yan Jin ◽

Xue-Han Liu ◽

Min Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Case Control ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Retrospective Cohort Studies ◽

The Relationship

ObjectivesTo analyse the relationship between serum uric acid (SUA), all-cause and cardiovascular (CV) mortality in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients to inform clinical practice and future research.DesignA systematic review of observational studies.Data sourcesPubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), SinoMed, Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP) and Wan Fang databases were searched from their inception to January 2021 for cohort and case–control studies reporting SUA and mortality in patients with PD.MethodsThe Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale was used to appraise quality of cohort and case–control studies. Effect estimates were presented as HRs with 95% CIs in a meta-analysis using STATA V.16.0. Data not suitable for pooling were synthesised qualitatively.ResultsFourteen cohort studies with 24 022 patients were included. No case–control studies were identified. For prospective cohort studies, pooled results for the highest SUA category were significantly greater than the lowest for all-cause (one study; 1278participants; HR 1.79; 95% CI 1.17 to 2.75) and CV mortality (one study; 1278 participants; HR 2.63; 1.62–4.27). An increase of 1 mg/dL in SUA level was associated with a 16% increased risk of all-cause mortality (one study; 1278 participants; HR 1.16; 1.03–1.32) and 34% increased CV mortality risk (one study; 1278 participants; HR 1.34; 1.16–1.55). For retrospective cohort studies, the highest SUA category did not demonstrate an elevated all-cause (five studies; 4570 participants; HR 1.09; 0.70–1.70) or CV mortality (three studies; 3748 participants; HR 1.00; 0.44–2.31) compared with the lowest SUA category. Additionally, there was no increase in all-cause (eight studies; 11 541 participants; HR 0.94; 0.88–1.02) or CV mortality (three studies; 7427 participants; HR 0.90; 0.76–1.06) for every 1 mg/dL increase in SUA level.ConclusionsResults of prospective and retrospective cohort studies were inconsistent. Consequently, prospective, multicentre, long-term follow-up studies are required to confirm the relationship between SUA and mortality in patients with PD.

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Effects of β-carotene intake on the risk of fracture: A Bayesian meta-analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-19336/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tesfaye Getachew Charkos ◽

Yawen Liu ◽

Kemal Sherefa Oumer ◽

Ann M Vuong ◽

Shuman Yang

Keyword(s):

Hip Fracture ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Random Effect ◽

Random Effect Model ◽

Case Control ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Risk Of Fracture ◽

Β Carotene

Abstract Introduction The association between β-carotene intake and risk of fracture has been reported inconsistently. We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the association between β-carotene intake and risk of fracture using a Bayesian approach. Methods We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane library database for relevant articles until December 2019. We also performed a hand search based on reference lists from published articles. The Bayesian random effect model was used to synthesize data from individual studies. Results Nine studies with a total of 190,545 men and women were included in this meta-analysis. The participants' average age was 59.8 years old. For β-carotene intake, the pooled RR of any fracture was 0.67 (95% Credible Interval (CrI): 0.51-0.82; heterogeneity: P = 0.66, I 2 =0.00%) and 0.63 (95%CrI: 0.44-0. 82) for hip fracture. By study design, the pooled RRs were 0.55 (95% CrI: 0.14-0.96) for case-control studies and 0.82 (95% CrI: 0.58-0.99) for cohort studies. By geographic region, the pooled RRs were 0.58 (95% CrI: 0.28-0.89) for studies conducted in China, 0.86 (95% CrI: 0.35-0.1.37) in America and 0.91(95% CrI: 0.75-1.00) Europe. By gender: the pooled RRs were 0.88 (95% CrI: 0.73-0.99) for males and 0.76 (95% CrI: 0.44-1.07) for females. The probability that β-carotene intakes reduce the risk of any fracture and hip fracture by more than 20% was 95%. Conclusion The present meta-analysis suggests that β-carotene intake was inversely associated with fracture risk, consistently observed for case-control and cohort studies. Further randomized control trial is warranted to confirm this finding.

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Relationship between antidepressive agents and incidence risk of breast cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis

Future Oncology ◽

10.2217/fon-2020-0822 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rui Li ◽

Xiuxia Li ◽

Peijing Yan ◽

Zhitong Bing ◽

Liujiao Cao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Antidepressive Agents ◽

Case Control ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Incidence Risk ◽

Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽

Nested Case Control

Purpose: This study aimed to review the association between antidepressive agent (AD) use and the incidence risk of breast cancer. Methods: CBM, WOS, Embase, PubMed and Cochrane Library were systematically searched in July 2019. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed through the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Results: We included 19 studies from six countries or regions with relationships between breast cancer and ADs. Subgroup analysis showed no significant association in nested case–control or case–control studies; however, cohort studies revealed a significant association (odds ratio = 1.11; 95% CI: 1.04–1.17). Conclusions: This meta-analysis indicates that breast cancer was not associated with the use of ADs when considering all types of studies, but an association was observed if we considered cohort studies.

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Coffee consumption and risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980012002601 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 346-357 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

Guowei Li ◽

Defu Ma ◽

Yumei Zhang ◽

Wei Zheng ◽

Peiyu Wang

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Colon Cancer ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Coffee Consumption ◽

Case Control ◽

Colorectal Cancer Risk ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

The Relationship

AbstractObjectiveSeparate meta-analyses based on case–control and cohort studies have reported different results on the relationship between coffee consumption and colorectal cancer risk. To clarify the effect of coffee intake on colorectal cancer risk, we performed a meta-analysis based on both case–control and cohort studies.DesignReview study.SettingWe identified case–control and cohort studies related to coffee consumption and colorectal cancer risk listed on MEDLINE, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, EMBASE, Science Citation Index and PubMed (until May 2011).SubjectsResearch literature on the relationship between coffee consumption and colorectal cancer risk.ResultsTwenty-five case–control (15 522 cases) and sixteen cohort studies (10 443 cases) were included in the meta-analysis. Comparing the highest v. the lowest/non category of coffee consumption, the combined results from case–control studies showed a significant relationship with colorectal cancer (OR = 0·85, 95 % CI 0·75, 0·97) and colon cancer (OR = 0·79, 95 % CI 0·67, 0·95), but not rectal cancer (OR = 0·95, 95 % CI 0·79, 1·15). For cohort studies, there was a slight suggestion of an inverse association with colorectal cancer (relative ratio = 0·94; 95 % CI 0·88, 1·01) and colon cancer (OR = 0·93, 95 % CI 0·86, 1·01), rather than rectal cancer (OR = 0·98, 95 % CI 0·88, 1·09). In subgroup analyses using case–control studies, significant inverse associations were found in females for colorectal cancer and in Europe for colorectal and colon cancer, while the subgroup analyses of cohort studies found that coffee drinks substantially decreased risk of colon cancer only in Asian women.ConclusionsResults from case–control studies suggest coffee consumption can significantly decrease the risks of colorectal cancer and colon cancer, especially in Europe and for females.

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The CEBPE rs2239633 genetic polymorphism on susceptibility to childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: An updated meta-analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-39812/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jin Liu ◽

Gu Weiling ◽

Li Xueqin ◽

Xie Liang ◽

Wang Linhong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Case Control ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Knowledge Infrastructure ◽

Random Ratio ◽

Regression Test ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background: We performed an updated meta-analysis to clarify the relationship between the CEBPE rs2239633 polymorphism and the CALL susceptibility.Methods: All the case-control studies updated on July 31, 2019 through Web of Science, Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Embase, China Nationa Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) electronic database. The heterogeneity in the study was tested by the Q-test and I2, and then the random ratio or fixed effect was utilized to merge the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). To estimate the impact of individual studies on aggregate estimates, we performed sensitivity analysis. Using funnel plot and Begger’s regression test investigated the publication bias. All data Statistical analyses were performed using Stata 12.0.Results: A total of 23442 participants (7014 patients; 16428 controls) were included in twenty case-control studies selected. There was no association of CEBPE rs2239633 polymorphism with CALL (CC vs CT + TT: OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 0.94 –1.26; CC + CT vs TT: OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.94–1.30; C vs T: OR =1.02, 95% CI = 0.92–1.13). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, no significant association of this polymorphism and CALL risks among Asia and Caucasian populations for the comparison of CC vs CT + TT, CC + CT vs TT and C vs T genetic models .Conclusion: This meta-analysis did not find the CEBPE rs2239633 polymorphism can increase and decrease the risk of susceptibility to CALL.

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Effects of β-carotene intake on the risk of fracture: A Bayesian meta-analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-19336/v4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tesfaye Getachew Charkos ◽

Yawen Liu ◽

Kemal Sherefa Oumer ◽

Ann M Vuong ◽

Shuman Yang

Keyword(s):

Hip Fracture ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

The United States ◽

Case Control ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Risk Of Fracture ◽

Clinical Databases ◽

Β Carotene

Abstract Background: Epidemiological studies examining the association between β-carotene intake and risk of fracture have reported inconsistent findings. We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the association between β-carotene intake and risk of fracture. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane library databases for relevant articles that were published until December 2019. We also identified studies from reference lists of articles identified from the clinical databases. The frequentist and Bayesian random-effects model was used to synthesize data. Results: Nine studies with a total of 190,545 men and women, with an average age of 59.8 years, were included in this meta-analysis. For β-carotene intake (1.76 -14.30 mg/day), the pooled risk ratio (RR) of any fracture was 0.67 (95% Credible Interval (CrI): 0.51-0.82; heterogeneity: P = 0.66, I 2 =0.00 %) and 0.63 (95%CrI: 0.44-0. 82) for hip fracture. By study design, the pooled RRs were 0.55 (95% CrI: 0.14-0.96) for case-control studies and 0.82 (95% CrI: 0.58-0.99) for cohort studies. By geographic region, the pooled RRs were 0.58 (95% CrI: 0.28-0.89), 0.86 (95% CrI: 0.35-0.1.37), and 0.91(95% CrI: 0.75-1.00) for studies conducted in China, the United States, and Europe, respectively. By sex, the pooled RRs were 0.88 (95% CrI: 0.73-0.99) for males and 0.76 (95% CrI: 0.44-1.07) for females. There was a 95% probability that β-carotene intake reduces risk of hip fracture and any type of fracture by more than 20%. Conclusions: The present meta-analysis suggests that β-carotene intake was inversely associated with fracture risk, which was consistently observed for case-control and cohort studies. Randomized controlled trials are warranted to confirm this relationship.

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Effects of β-carotene intake on the risk of fracture: a Bayesian meta-analysis

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12891-020-03733-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tesfaye Getachew Charkos ◽

Yawen Liu ◽

Kemal Sherefa Oumer ◽

Ann M. Vuong ◽

Shuman Yang

Keyword(s):

Hip Fracture ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

The United States ◽

Case Control ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Risk Of Fracture ◽

Clinical Databases ◽

Β Carotene

Abstract Background Epidemiological studies examining the association between β-carotene intake and risk of fracture have reported inconsistent findings. We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the association between β-carotene intake and risk of fracture. Methods We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane library databases for relevant articles that were published until December 2019. We also identified studies from reference lists of articles identified from the clinical databases. The frequentist and Bayesian random-effects model was used to synthesize data. Results Nine studies with a total of 190,545 men and women, with an average age of 59.8 years, were included in this meta-analysis. For β-carotene intake (1.76–14.30 mg/day), the pooled risk ratio (RR) of any fracture was 0.67 (95% Credible Interval (CrI): 0.51–0.82; heterogeneity: P = 0.66, I2 = 0.00%) and 0.63 (95%CrI: 0.44–0. 82) for hip fracture. By study design, the pooled RRs were 0.55 (95% CrI: 0.14–0.96) for case-control studies and 0.82 (95% CrI: 0.58–0.99) for cohort studies. By geographic region, the pooled RRs were 0.58 (95% CrI: 0.28–0.89), 0.86 (95% CrI: 0.35–0.1.37), and 0.91(95% CrI: 0.75–1.00) for studies conducted in China, the United States, and Europe, respectively. By sex, the pooled RRs were 0.88 (95% CrI: 0.73–0.99) for males and 0.76 (95% CrI, 0.44–1.07) for females. There was a 95% probability that β-carotene intake reduces risk of hip fracture and any type of fracture by more than 20%. Conclusions The present meta-analysis suggests that β-carotene intake was inversely associated with fracture risk, which was consistently observed for case-control and cohort studies. Randomized controlled trials are warranted to confirm this relationship.

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Thiazide Use and Fracture Risk: An updated Bayesian Meta-Analysis

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-56108-4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tesfaye Getachew Charkos ◽

Yawen Liu ◽

Lina Jin ◽

Shuman Yang

Keyword(s):

Cohort Studies ◽

Fracture Risk ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Random Effect Model ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Case Control ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Significant Heterogeneity ◽

Case Control Studies

AbstractThe association between thiazide use and fracture risk is still controversial. We conducted an updated meta-analysis on the association between thiazide use and fracture risk. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library databases for all types of human studies, including observational and experimental studies that were published up until July 2019. We also manually searched the reference lists of relevant studies. The pooled relative risks (RRs) with 95% credible interval (CrI) were calculated using a Bayesian hierarchical random effect model. A total of 19 case-control (N = 496,568 subjects) and 21 cohort studies (N = 4,418,602 subjects) were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled RR for fractures associated with thiazide use was 0.87 (95% CrI: 0.70–0.99) in case-control and 0.95 (95% CrI: 0.85–1.08) in cohort studies. The probabilities that thiazide use reduces any fracture risk by more than 0% were 93% in case-control studies and 72% in cohort studies. Significant heterogeneity was found for both case-control (p < 0.001, I2 = 75%) and cohort studies (p < 0.001, I2 = 97.2%). Thiazide use was associated with reduced fracture risk in case-control studies, but not in cohort studies. The associations demonstrated in case-control studies might be driven by inherent biases, such as selection bias and recall bias. Thus, thiazide use may not be a protective factor for fractures.

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