scholarly journals Occurrence of polymorphism in famotidine raw materials

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C1563-C1563
Author(s):  
Marilene Ângelo ◽  
Jennifer Jacon ◽  
Olimpia Maria Santos ◽  
Edith Cristina Cazedey ◽  
Rudy Bonfilio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Polymorphic Form ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Stable Form ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
H2 Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Histamine H2 Receptor ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
And Control

Polymorphs are compounds with the same chemical composition, however the molecules are arranged in at least two different ways in the solid state. Famotidine is a histamine H2-receptor antagonist inhibitor of gastric secretion and widely used in gastric and duodenal ulcer disease. Two polymorphs are described for famotidine, A and B. The polymorph A is the most thermodynamically stable form and polymorph B is the kinetically favored form being marketed because it presents greater pharmacological activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of famotidine polymorphs in five raw materials acquired from different suppliers. The reference standard (USP) was also analyzed. All samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), infrared spectrophotometry (IR-ATR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). PXRD analysis enables us to identify form B in five raw material samples and in the reference standard (USP). However, one of the raw materials additionally shows the presence of polymorphic form A. The DSC and IR-ATR techniques were essential to identify the polymorphic forms of famotidine confirming the results obtained by PXRD. Since the presence of polymorphs can compromise the effectiveness and safety of medicines and there is no official methodology of analysis and control of polymorphism in famotidine raw materials, the polymorphic contamination found in this study are being further analyzed and their physicochemical properties are being evaluated.

Investigations on the polymorphism and pseudopolymorphism of clobetasone butyrate

2011 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 553-566
Author(s):  
Christian Näther ◽  
Inke Jeß
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Polymorphic Form ◽  
Stable Form ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Amorphous Form ◽  
Space Group ◽  
Dsc Measurements ◽  
Independent Molecules ◽  
Solvent Molecules ◽  
Similar Conformation

Clobetasone butyrate was investigated for polymorphism and pseudopolymorphism. Solvent mediated conversion experiments reveal that the commercially available form I represent the thermodynamically most stable form at room temperature and DSC measurements shows that it should also be the most stable form until melting. Form I crystallizes in space groupP212121with three crystallographically independent molecules of similar conformation. From methanol an additional pseudo polymorphic form was discovered. In the crystal structure (space groupP212121) the solvent molecules are connected to the clobetasone butyrate molecules by O–H···O hydrogen bonding. Investigations of the solvate using thermogravimetry, differential thermoanalysis as well as differential scanning calorimetry proves, that on solvent removal an amorphous form is obtained that crystallizes into form I on further heating.

scholarly journals Utilization of Polypropylene in the Production of Metal-Filled Polymer Composites: Development and Characteristics

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2856
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Moravskyi ◽  
Anastasiia Kucherenko ◽  
Marta Kuznetsova ◽  
Ludmila Dulebova ◽  
Emil Spišák ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Polymer Surface ◽  
Polymer Processing ◽  
Copper Coating ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Molding Method ◽  
Chemical Metallization

Metal-filled composites based on polypropylene waste have been successfully obtained with an injection molding method of metalized polymer raw materials. Using the model polymer, the peculiarities of the formation of the copper layer in solutions of chemical metallization on the polypropylene surface were investigated and the main factors influencing this process were established. The main influence on the rate of reduction of copper in solutions of chemical metallization has the concentration of copper sulfate, sodium hydroxide, and EDTA-Na2. It was shown that the efficiency of the copper plating process also strongly depends on polymer processing, which follows the activation. In case of the use of simple activation, it is not possible to obtain metalized raw materials with high efficiency. Additional processing of activated polymer raw materials is required to carry out the process with high efficiency. The amount of reduced copper on the polymer surface can be adjusted by changing the concentration of the components of the chemical metallization solution, as well as the degree of loading of the polymer raw material. Examination by electron scanning microscopy of the obtained metalized polypropylene showed that the copper coating on the polymer particles is formed with a high degree of surface coverage. The formed copper coating is free of copper oxides, which is confirmed by X-ray diffraction studies and analysis of the spectrum of characteristic X-rays. Metal-filled composites have been characterized by the effect of copper on mechanical and rheological (MFR) properties. The Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetric (TG) methods show a certain effect of metal on the magnitude of thermal effects and the rate of weight loss.

scholarly journals Integrasi Linear Regression dan Aggregate Planning untuk Perencanaan dan Pengendalian Produksi Leaf Spring Hino OW 190/200 di Industri Komponen Otomotif

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 245
Author(s):  
Deni Ahmad Taufik ◽  
Indra Setiawan ◽  
Muhammad Wahid ◽  
Abdul Rochim ◽  
Muhammad Tosin
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Production Planning ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Leaf Spring ◽  
Linear Regression Method ◽  
Planning And Control ◽  
Automotive Assembly ◽  
And Control ◽  
Material Requirements

Production planning and control in a manufacturing company involves all production activities from raw material requirements to finished products. The Jakarta Automotive Components Industry is engaged in manufacturing which produces leaf spring products that are sent to several regular customers, namely the Automotive Assembly Industry. Leaf spring Hino OW 190/200 is the type of spring ordered and shipped to PT. HMMI. Based on data for the January-December 2019 period, the demand for Hino OW 190/200 leaf spring has fluctuated quite significantly. The purpose of this study was to plan and control the production process of Leaf Spring Hino OW 190/200. Forecasting for the next 12 periods is based on demand plots from the previous 12 periods, calculating the Aggregate production plan, determining the Master Production Schedule (MPS), calculating raw material requirements using the Hybrid and Lot for Lot methods. The results showed that to support the smooth production, it can be seen that the production planning for forecasting calculations using the Linear Regression method generates a model Y=319,575+3,723X. Calculation of the need for main raw materials and components in 2020 uses the Hybrid and Lot for Lot method, which is 256,182.88 kg, much smaller than the company's calculations based on 2019 data, namely 259,827.40 kg.

scholarly journals Analysis of Species in Meat Products in Bandung City using Multiplex PCR

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Yelliantty Yelliantty ◽  
Ira Endah Rohima
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Traditional Markets ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Processed Products ◽  
And Control

Cases concerning the substitution of meat raw material also occur in Indonesia and are quite common. Therefore, careful monitoring and control that needs to be done on the meat products. Screening or sampling products on the market should be conducted periodically to ensure the safety of consumers and society in general. Such screening should be done accurately. This study aimed to analyze the composition of meat in processed products in traditional markets in Bandung using PCR method. This study was using four specific primers to detect four different species. Screening is done on samples of meatballs from several markets. The results showed the presence of several samples that contain meat of some species. based it can be concluded that the substitution of raw materials processed meat products also occurs in the traditional market in the city of Bandung, and the PCR method referred to can be used as the basis for the development of detection methods of food security in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Criminal Business Relationships Between Commodity Regions and Industrialized Countries: The Hard Road From Raw Material to New Technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Laura Böhm
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Environmental Harm ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Global North ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
And Control

Extractive industries often cause serious environmental harm, and even social harm, to the local populations of the commodity regions, especially in the Global South. The increasing demand and extraction of raw materials needed for the production of new technologies in the Global North is a specific case of this, which emphasizes asymmetrical global economic conditions. This article describes these harmful commodity relationships and presents the meaning behind the increase in the demand for and production of raw materials. The case of lithium is offered as an example of this development. Further, in the article, it is suggested that the lack of regulation and control promotes a series of deviant and criminal practices which can be systematically organized for criminological analysis. The harm caused by this industry, by its part, is presented as well, as well as a first categorization of its impact on the local population even in terms of human rights violations. Instead of a conclusion, an invitation to the study of these renewed forms of exploitation and victimization is made to criminologists, and especially, to criminologists from the particular regions that benefit from the development of new, innovative “clean” technologies.

scholarly journals Nizatidine Based Floating Microspheres by Ionotropic Gelation Technique - Morphology and Release Characteristics

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.V. R. N. Bhikshapathi ◽  
U. Ashok Kumar, ◽  
A. Shylaja Rani
Keyword(s):  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
In Vitro Dissolution ◽  
H2 Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Histamine H2 Receptor ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Ionotropic Gelation ◽  
Dissolution Studies

Nizatidine is a histamine H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits stomach acid production and used in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease and gastroesophageal reflux disease. The main aim of the present investigation was to develop gastro retentive floating microspheres for Nizatidine. These are prepared by ionotropic gelation method with an aim of increasing the gastric residence time and for controlled release. The polymeric mixture of Sodium alginate and HPMCK4, HPMC K15M and HPMC K 100M, was used as polymers. Calcium carbonate was used as the gas forming gent. Prepared Microspheres were characterized for the Micromeretic properties, incorporation efficiency, buoyancy test, SEM analysis, FTIR, and in vitro dissolution studies. The dissolution studies were carried out in 0.1N HCl and the results were applied to various kinetic models. Among the total 18 formulations F17 was optimized. The % yield of F17 formulation was found to be 95.47 ± 0.36%. Based on optical microscopy, the particle size was 50.67 ± 0.13μm. The % buoyancy, % entrapment efficiency and swelling index of F17 formulation was 94.23%, 93.62 ± 0.29% and 92.13 ± 0.17%, respectively. The Cumulative % drug release of F17 formulation was 98.23 ± 5.49% in 12 h when compared with marketed product 95.87 ± 0.31 in 12 h. SEM studies showed the particles were in spherical shape. Based on obtained results, Floating alginate Nizatidine microspheres were of good candidate for targeting to GIT.

scholarly journals Elaboration of a production planning system for a snack manufacturing company

2019 ◽  
pp. 8-17
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Hernandez-Jasso ◽  
Miguel Ángel Gómez-Vicario ◽  
Lilia Araceli Bahena-Medina ◽  
Ángel Adrián Ordaz-González
Keyword(s):  
Production Planning ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Control Material ◽  
Material Requirement Planning ◽  
Material Requirement ◽  
And Control ◽  
Production Company ◽  
Logic System

A Production Planning System was made for a snacks’ production Company by the development of a MRP system in order to increase the present production and to meet the demand. The methodology used was Material Requirement Planning (MRP) that basically consists in a logic system able to manage and control material requirement planning based on a number of pieces, components and material needed for manufacturing, in other words, it is a production planning system. The outcome of the Project has been an application with MRP features, with complements such as line balance, purchasing Budget of raw materials, among other things. The application relies on protection of information and backup by the same. The executable application of MRP system has contributed to reduce 50% the production breach at the company, as well as reducing waste in a 40%, idle time in a 50% and raw material costs in a 25%, achieving the stated goal.

scholarly journals Application of the six sigma methodology in the area of paste preparation of a company in the ceramic sector

Respuestas ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Carolina Álvarez-Rozo ◽  
Oscar Orlando Ortiz-Rodríguez ◽  
Ivanhoe Rozo-Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Six Sigma ◽  
Variable Viscosity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Processing Capacity ◽  
Measurement Analysis ◽  
Productive Process ◽  
Six Sigma Methodology ◽  
The One ◽  
And Control

At present, there are a large number of quality improvement techniques, making it difficult for companies to decide which to apply. In this research, the paste preparation area of ​​a ceramic tile manufacturing company was studied, and the result of this stage is directly reflected in the quality of the final product. The general objective was to apply the Six Sigma methodology in the paste preparation process of a ceramic company; likewise, to evaluate the measurements of the variables that intervene in the paste preparation area of ​​the productive process of a ceramic company and the causes that affect the quality. The application of the six sigma methodology requires the application of statistical tools because the term sigma represents the standard deviation of a distribution and is key to know its variability (Sharma, Bhardwaj, & Kumar, 2013). The implemented methodology is the one proposed in the DMAMC cycle: Design, Measurement, Analysis, Improvement, and Control or DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control). The critical quality variables were established for each of the three stages of the pasta preparation area: raw materials, grinding, and atomization. The data obtained in the technological tests were organized in tables and graphs, to analyze the results qualitatively and quantitatively, using Minitab and SPSS. As a result, the evaluation of the paste preparation area is obtained, as well as the processing capacity of the different variables of the raw material stage, which exceeds 95%, except for the variables of loss by fire and viscosity. As for the grinding stage, the variable viscosity (Z = 1.45), with a processing capacity equivalent to approximately 85%. There are statistically significant differences. Finally, the variables of the atomization stage have a higher process capacity, 98%.

scholarly journals Perencanaan dan Pengendalian Bahan Baku Sarung Batik (Studi Kasus CV. Mitra Setia Usaha)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Debby Malinda ◽  
Tita Talitha ◽  
Jazuli Jazuli
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Business Partners ◽  
Planning And Control ◽  
Material Requirement ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control

Planning and controlling the needs of both raw materials and finished products is a significant thing for companies to optimize their production. This also applies to CV. Mitra Setia Usaha that  engaged in the textile industry with raw materials batik cloth. During this time, CV. Mitra Setia Usaha has not applied standard methods in the planning and control of raw material needs. Determination of the amount of raw materials so far only based on the number of consumer orders. In the last 2 (two years) (October 2014 to September 2016), the company received a request of 5.050,000 meters, but the existing supply of cotton fabric was only 4,920,500 meters. One of the methods that can be applied in the CV. Loyal Business Partners is the Material Requirement Planning (MRP). By applying this MRP-Lot for for lot (LFL) method, CV. Mitra Setia Usaha able to reduce the cost incurred in the procurement of raw materials for one year which initially amounted to 104.328.000 rupiah to 93.817.673 rupiah and can even be reduced again to 83.306.995 rupiah using the method of Order Quantity Period (POQ)

scholarly journals Physico-chemical characterization of clay mineral mixtures from Boyacá-Colombia

DYNA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (213) ◽  
pp. 116-122
Author(s):  
Iván Supelano García ◽  
Carlos Andrés Palacio Gómez ◽  
Julieth Alexandra Mejía Gómez ◽  
Carlos Arturo Parra Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Positron Annihilation Lifetime ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Technological Tool ◽  
And Control

An adequate identification of physico-chemical properties of clay minerals is an important step to develop technological applications. In Colombia, a common issue is that the evaluation of raw materials with the preparation of the final product depend on empirical knowledge, it is common not to use any kind of technological tool to conduct any analysis. In contrast, the clay mixtures for this study were prepared and characterized by following a careful procedure to evaluate and control the qualities such as color of the final product. For this purpose, differential scanning calorimetry, magnetization, scanning electron microscopy, X-rays analysis, and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy techniques were applied. It is possible to conclude that the implementation scientific techniques in the sector of clay minerals may serve as a powerful tool, since preparing samples in an empirical way have been proved to lead to different qualities in the final product.

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