scholarly journals Implementing graphic outputs for the Material Properties Open Database (MPOD)

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C1039-C1039
Author(s):  
Luis Fuentes-Cobas ◽  
Daniel Chateigner ◽  
Giancarlo Pepponi ◽  
Alejandro Muñoz-Romero ◽  
Gerardo Ramírez-Amparan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Polycrystalline Materials ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Graphical Output ◽  
Crystalline Anisotropy ◽  
The Given ◽  
Original Website

The tensor nature of single- and polycrystalline materials' physical properties highlights both the diversity of possible technological applications and the difficulties of assimilation for those new to the subject. The Material Properties Open Database (MPOD) [1] is a useful tool that provides access to a wide spectrum of properties tensors for an extensive selection of materials. In the present contribution an extension of the MPOD system is reported. The introduced innovation is the output, in the form of a graphical representation, of registered second, third and fourth rank tensors. The objective, as an educational project, is to provide the crystallographic community a friendly means to help the intuitive understanding of crystalline anisotropy. The given graphical output is the so-called longitudinal surface representation [2]. The accompanying figure shows an example of the MPOD graphical output. Shown surfaces represent the compliance tensor and its inverse (Young's modulus) longitudinal surfaces for a silver single-crystal. MPOD's new version may be accessed by the original website http://www.materialproperties.org/ and also by its Mexican mirror http://mpod.cimav.edu.mx. The MPOD websites continue their development. The international MPOD group systematically adds new published data. Modeling and representing textured polycrystals' properties is on target [3].

The features of transnational corporations’ advertisement in social networks

2019 ◽  
pp. 89-92
Author(s):  
Daniella Mushka ◽  
Yeva Erfan
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Transnational Corporations ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
Social Media Marketing ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Given

This scientific article considers all aspects, modern importance and growing role of the social media marketing and advertisement in the general spectrum of marketing activity for developed and developing brands. Investigational actuality and basic directions of application of all spectrum of instruments of social networks for the sake of advancement of product and the processes of forming perception of trade mark and forming the image of brand are analyzed by the authors of the article. The given scientific article highlights the most popular trends and patterns of goods and trademarks’ promotion in the world in the context of updating the concept of advertising on social networks. The bigger and more engaged your target audience is on social media networks (Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, YouTube etc), the easier it will be for you to achieve every other marketing or business goal. The importance of social media marketing’s assistance in attracting new potential clients and customers to the company is also considered in the given article. Besides that, the authors of the article list and analyse wide spectrum of basic trends considering promotion and advertising in 2019 among the well-known brands. In addition to this all, the list of the most successful publicity advertisement campaigns of this year and brands which were promoted with their assistance are listed and analysed. In the context of the study, it shows up that advertising campaigns play a significant role not only in reaching sales but also in generating overall customer loyalty to the brand. This makes it possible to argue that the most reputable brands should have an important social goal that will be positively accepted by society and target audience in addition to the high quality and usability of the products or services. Social networking is the easiest way to see the social response to your promotion and lead to an instant purchase. Therefore, relying on the experience of the already well-known multinational and transnational corporations, social media marketing should take a significant share of the overall promotion of the company. The connection between the brand and potential customer should be built on the emotions that accompany consumers when viewing ads and using products. This scientific article eventually declares conclusions and prognoses in relation to subsequent development of these instruments and platforms for advancement and branding of small and large enterprises in future. It states that emotional connection between person and brand is much more effective for the company than an expensive ad.

Monte Carlo Simulation of Texture and Microstructure Transformation during Annealing of Steel

2007 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
Hua Long Li ◽  
Jong Tae Park ◽  
Jerzy A. Szpunar
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Computer Model ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Polycrystalline Materials ◽  
Virtual Experiments ◽  
Grain Boundary Character ◽  
Simulation Based

Controlling texture and microstructure evolution during annealing processes is very important for optimizing properties of steels. Theories used to explain annealing processes are complicated and always case dependent. An recently developed Monte Carlo simulation based model offers an effective tool for studying annealing process and can be used to verify the arbitrarily defined theories that govern such processes. The computer model takes Orientation Image Microscope (OIM) measurements as an input. The abundant information contained in OIM measurement allows the computer model to incorporate many structural characteristics of polycrystalline materials such as, texture, grain boundary character, grain shape and size, phase composition, chemical composition, stored elastic energy, and the residual stress. The outputs include various texture functions, grain boundary and grain size statistics that can be verified by experimental results. Graphical representation allows us to perform virtual experiments to monitor each step of the structural transformation. An example of applying this simulation to Si steel is given.

A new representation for a robot grasping quality measure

Robotica ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venugopal K. Varma ◽  
Uri Tasch
Keyword(s):  
Objective Function ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Contact Forces ◽  
Geometric Constraints ◽  
Objective Functions ◽  
Finger Force ◽  
Finger Forces ◽  
Robot Grasping ◽  
Selection Of

SummaryWhen an object is held by a multi-fingered hand, the values of the contact forces can be multivalued. An objective function, when used in conjunction with the frictional and geometric constraints of the grasp, can however, give a unique set of finger force values. The selection of the objective function in determining the finger forces is dependent on the type of grasp required, the material properties of the object, and the limitations of the röbot fingers. In this paper several optimization functions are studied and their merits highlighted. The paper introduces a graphical representation of the finger force values and the objective functions that enable one to select and compare various grasping configurations. The impending motion of the object at different torque and finger force values are determined by observing the normalized coefficient of friction plots.

FEBio finite element model of a pediatric cervical spine

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Sean M. Finley ◽  
J. Harley Astin ◽  
Evan Joyce ◽  
Andrew T. Dailey ◽  
Douglas L. Brockmeyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Surgical Simulation ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Axial Stiffness ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Axial Tension ◽  
Flexion Extension

OBJECTIVE The underlying biomechanical differences between the pediatric and adult cervical spine are incompletely understood. Computational spine modeling can address that knowledge gap. Using a computational method known as finite element modeling, the authors describe the creation and evaluation of a complete pediatric cervical spine model. METHODS Using a thin-slice CT scan of the cervical spine from a 5-year-old boy, a 3D model was created for finite element analysis. The material properties and boundary and loading conditions were created and model analysis performed using open-source software. Because the precise material properties of the pediatric cervical spine are not known, a published parametric approach of scaling adult properties by 50%, 25%, and 10% was used. Each scaled finite element model (FEM) underwent two types of simulations for pediatric cadaver testing (axial tension and cardinal ranges of motion [ROMs]) to assess axial stiffness, ROM, and facet joint force (FJF). The authors evaluated the axial stiffness and flexion-extension ROM predicted by the model using previously published experimental measurements obtained from pediatric cadaveric tissues. RESULTS In the axial tension simulation, the model with 50% adult ligamentous and annulus material properties predicted an axial stiffness of 49 N/mm, which corresponded with previously published data from similarly aged cadavers (46.1 ± 9.6 N/mm). In the flexion-extension simulation, the same 50% model predicted an ROM that was within the range of the similarly aged cohort of cadavers. The subaxial FJFs predicted by the model in extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation were in the range of 1–4 N and, as expected, tended to increase as the ligament and disc material properties decreased. CONCLUSIONS A pediatric cervical spine FEM was created that accurately predicts axial tension and flexion-extension ROM when ligamentous and annulus material properties are reduced to 50% of published adult properties. This model shows promise for use in surgical simulation procedures and as a normal comparison for disease-specific FEMs.

A New Sampling Approach for the Multi-Scale Design of Metallic Materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pinar Acar
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Solution Space ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Polycrystalline Materials ◽  
Microstructure Design ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Generate Property ◽  
Scale Design ◽  
Sampling Approach

Abstract We present a new sampling method for the multi-scale design of polycrystalline materials, which improves the computational time efficiency compared to the existing computational approaches. The solution strategy aims to find microstructure designs that optimize component-scale mechanical properties. The microstructure is represented with a probabilistic texture descriptor that quantifies the volume fractions of different crystallographic orientations. However, the original microstructure design space is high-dimensional and thus optimization in this domain is not favorable. Instead, we generate property closures, which are the reduced spaces of volume-averaged material properties that are computed in terms of the microstructural texture descriptors. We observe that the traditional design approaches which are based on sampling in the original microstructure space and sampling on the property closure are inefficient as they lead to highly concentrated design samples in the solution space. Therefore, we introduce a new sampling method in the property closure, which creates simplexes using the triangulation of the property hull and then generating samples for each simplex. Example problems include the optimization of Galfenol and α-titanium microstructures to improve non-linear material properties. The new sampling approach is shown to obtain better solutions while decreasing the required computational time compared to the previous microstructure design methods.

Computational Design of Microstructures With Stochastic Property Closures

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pinar Acar
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Computational Design ◽  
Polycrystalline Materials ◽  
Stochastic Property ◽  
Analytical Uncertainty ◽  
Magnetostrictive Strain ◽  
Material Systems ◽  
Stochastic Solution ◽  
Deformation Processes ◽  
Computational Solution

Abstract The present work addresses a stochastic computational solution to define the property closures of polycrystalline materials under uncertainty. The uncertainty in material systems arises from the natural stochasticity of the microstructures as a result of the fluctuations in deformation processes. The microstructural uncertainty impacts the performance of engineering components by causing unanticipated anisotropy in properties. We utilize an analytical uncertainty quantification algorithm to describe the microstructural stochasticity and model its propagation on the volume-averaged material properties. The stochastic solution will be integrated into linear programming to generate the property closure that shows all possible values of the volume-averaged material properties under the uncertainty. We demonstrate example applications for stiffness parameters of α-Titanium, and multi-physics parameters (stiffness, yield strength, magnetostrictive strain) of Galfenol. Significant differences observed between stochastic and deterministic closures imply the importance of considering the microstructural uncertainty when modeling and designing materials.

scholarly journals NF-κB Pathway as a Potential Target for Treatment of Critical Stage COVID-19 Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf Kircheis ◽  
Emanuel Haasbach ◽  
Daniel Lueftenegger ◽  
Willm T. Heyken ◽  
Matthias Ocker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cell ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Critical Stage ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines ◽  
Simultaneous Inhibition

Patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 show a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from mild febrile illness and cough up to acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiple organ failure, and death. Data from patients with severe clinical manifestations compared to patients with mild symptoms indicate that highly dysregulated exuberant inflammatory responses correlate with severity of disease and lethality. Epithelial-immune cell interactions and elevated cytokine and chemokine levels, i.e. cytokine storm, seem to play a central role in severity and lethality in COVID-19. The present perspective places a central cellular pro-inflammatory signal pathway, NF-κB, in the context of recently published data for COVID-19 and provides a hypothesis for a therapeutic approach aiming at the simultaneous inhibition of whole cascades of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The simultaneous inhibition of multiple cytokines/chemokines is expected to have much higher therapeutic potential as compared to single target approaches to prevent cascade (i.e. redundant, triggering, amplifying, and synergistic) effects of multiple induced cytokines and chemokines in critical stage COVID-19 patients.

Optimal Morphology for a Composite Solar Cell

2001 ◽  
Vol 708 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Burlakov ◽  
G. A. D. Briggs ◽  
A. P. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cell ◽  
Charge Transport ◽  
Organic Phase ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Interface Area ◽  
Random Migration ◽  
Conducting Networks ◽  
Effective Dimensionality ◽  
The Given

ABSTRACTCharge transport in a composite solar cell (CSC) is analysed by considering independent and random migration of the photo-generated electrons/holes over interpenetrating conducting networks. It is shown that besides an interface area and the materials parameters the efficiency (average number of the carriers reaching the electrode per time unit) of the CSC depends on the effective dimensionality of the conducting channels. Our analysis shows that the 1-d network is ∼20% more effective than the 3-d one, and therefore the morphology of the 1-d type for the organic phase within a 3-d inorganic one is preferable for the CSC. It is shown that the CSC with bulk generation of excitons is potentially more efficient than a dye-sensitised solar cell. The highest efficiency of collection of photo-generated carriers for the CSC at highest possible current for the given material properties cannot exceed ∼40% and 34% for 1-d and 3-d networks respectively.

scholarly journals A compilation of energy costs of physical activities

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (7a) ◽  
pp. 1153-1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Vaz ◽  
Nadine Karaolis ◽  
Alizon Draper ◽  
Prakash Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
World Health ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Expert Consultation ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Existing Data

AbstractObjectivesThere were two objectives: first, to review the existing data on energy costs of specified activities in the light of the recommendations made by the Joint Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization/United Nations University (FAO/WHO/UNU) Expert Consultation of 1985. Second, to compile existing data on the energy costs of physical activities for an updated annexure of the current Expert Consultation on Energy and Protein Requirements.DesignElectronic and manual search of the literature (predominantly English) to obtain published data on the energy costs of physical activities. The majority of the data prior to 1955 were obtained using an earlier compilation of Passmore and Durnin. Energy costs were expressed as physical activity ratio (PAR); the energy cost of the activity divided by either the measured or predicted basal metabolic rate (BMR).ResultsThe compilation provides PARs for an expanded range of activities that include general personal activities, transport, domestic chores, occupational activities, sports and other recreational activities for men and women, separately, where available. The present compilation is largely in agreement with the 1985 compilation, for activities that are common to both compilations.ConclusionsThe present compilation has been based on the need to provide data on adults for a wide spectrum of human activity. There are, however, lacunae in the available data for many activities, between genders, across age groups and in various physiological states.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document