Enhancing cyber security behavior: an internal social marketing approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-159
Author(s):  
Hiep Cong Pham ◽  
Linda Brennan ◽  
Lukas Parker ◽  
Nhat Tram Phan-Le ◽  
Irfan Ulhaq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Marketing ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Marketing Mix ◽  
User Engagement ◽  
Product Price ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Compliance Behavior ◽  
Security Compliance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Marketing Approach

Purpose Understanding the behavioral change process of system users to adopt safe security practices is important to the success of an organization’s cybersecurity program. This study aims to explore how the 7Ps (product, price, promotion, place, physical evidence, process and people) marketing mix, as part of an internal social marketing approach, can be used to gain an understanding of employees’ interactions within an organization’s cybersecurity environment. This understanding could inform the design of servicescapes and behavioral infrastructure to promote and maintain cybersecurity compliance. Design/methodology/approach This study adopted an inductive qualitative approach using in-depth interviews with employees in several Vietnamese organizations. Discussions were centered on employee experiences and their perceptions of cybersecurity initiatives, as well as the impact of initiatives on compliance behavior. Responses were then categorized under the 7Ps marketing mix framework. Findings The study shows that assessing a cybersecurity program using the 7P mix enables the systematic capture of users’ security compliance and acceptance of IT systems. Additionally, understanding the interactions between system elements permits the design of behavioral infrastructure to enhance security efforts. Results also show that user engagement is essential in developing secure systems. User engagement requires developing shared objectives, localized communications, co-designing of efficient processes and understanding the “pain points” of security compliance. The knowledge developed from this research provides a framework for those managing cybersecurity systems and enables the design human-centered systems conducive to compliance. Originality/value The study is one of the first to use a cross-disciplinary social marketing approach to examine how employees experience and comply with security initiatives. Previous studies have mostly focused on determinants of compliance behavior without providing a clear platform for management action. Internal social marketing using 7Ps provides a simple but innovative approach to reexamine existing compliance approaches. Findings from the study could leverage proven successful marketing techniques to promote security compliance.

Investigating the relevance of the traditional marketing mix across different stages of change: Empirical evidence from household recycling

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Blaise Issock Issock ◽  
Mercy Mpinganjira ◽  
Mornay Roberts-Lombard
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Social Marketing ◽  
Stages Of Change ◽  
Marketing Mix ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Traditional Marketing ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This study aims to provide empirical evidence and a different perspective on the relevance of the traditional marketing mix in social marketing programmes. This is a response to the ongoing debate about the (in)compatibility of the traditional marketing mix (the 4Ps) in the field of social marketing. In doing so, this study examines the important role that the stages of behaviour change play in influencing the effectiveness of traditional marketing mix elements in the context of recycling in South African households. Design/methodology/approach This study follows a quantitative method, relying on a survey of 699 heads of households in South Africa. Multigroup analysis and structural equation modelling were applied to test the impact of stages of changes on the potential effect of marketing mix elements on the intention to recycle household waste. Findings The results established that although the traditional marketing mix elements have a marginal effect on the intention to recycle household waste, further analyses revealed that this impact of the marketing mix is contingent on the stage of change in which the target audience is found. Thus, the findings indicated that the marketing mix elements significantly influence the intention to recycle when the target audience is at the contemplation and preparation phases. Originality/value Whilst both critics and proponents of the adoption of the traditional marketing mix in social marketing initiatives have provided relevant arguments, the debate had remained largely theoretical. This study discusses the limitations of the traditional marketing mix in behaviour change programmes and the need for a segmented approach based on the stages of behaviour change when using the 4Ps. However, given the hegemony of the 4Ps in the social marketing literature, this study sheds light on the appropriate “Ps” to activate to influence recycling behavioural intention at different stages of change.

Toward an intellectual capital cyber security theory: insights from Lebanon

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Puzant Balozian ◽  
Dorothy Leidner ◽  
Botong Xue
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Theory Building ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Systems Security ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Compliance Behavior ◽  
Security Compliance ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeIntellectual capital (IC) cyber security is a priority in all organizations. Because of the dearth in IC cyber security (ICCS) research theories and the constant call to theory building, this study proposes a theory of ICCS drawing upon tested empirical data of information systems security (ISS) theory in Lebanon.Design/methodology/approachAfter a pilot test, the authors tested the newly developed ISS theory using a field study consisting of 187 respondents, representing many industries, thus contributing to generalizability. ISS theory is used as a proxy for the development of ICCS theory.FindingsBased on a review of the literature from the past three decades in the information systems (IS) discipline and a discovery of the partial yet significant relevance of ISS literature to ICCS, this study succinctly summarized the antecedents and independent variables impacting security compliance behavior, putting the variables into one comprehensive yet parsimonious theoretical model. This study shows the theoretical and practical relevancy of ISS theory to ICCS theory building.Practical implicationsThis paper highlights the importance of ISS compliance in the context of ICCS, especially in the area of spoken knowledge in environments containing Internet-based security devices.Originality/valueThis research article is original, as it presents the theory of ICCS, which was developed by drawing upon a comprehensive literature review of the IS discipline and finding the bridges between the security of both IS and IC.

Using a social marketing approach to develop a pro-diversity intervention

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Brauer ◽  
Anissa Dumesnil ◽  
Mitchell Robert Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Social Marketing ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Target Behaviors ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Discriminatory Behavior ◽  
Small Set ◽  
Targeted Messages ◽  
Marketing Approach

Purpose Despite more than half a century of academic research, relatively few methods have been shown to reliably improve intergroup relations in the real world. This paper aims to use a social marketing approach to design a pro-diversity intervention in a university setting. Design/methodology/approach We conducted extensive qualitative, quantitative and observational background research to identify elements that would increase the effectiveness of the intervention. Focus groups and surveys allowed us to identify a target audience, target behaviors and the relevant barriers and benefits. Findings The background research suggested increasing inclusive behavior would have a greater impact than reducing discriminatory behavior. Based on this research, this paper determined an optimal target audience was students who had relatively positive attitudes toward diversity but engaged in few inclusive behaviors. This paper used relevant theories from the behavioral sciences to design an intervention that promoted a small set of inclusive behaviors and that addressed the relevant barriers and benefits. The intervention took the form of a single page of targeted messages that instructors can add to their course syllabi. The page communicates injunctive and descriptive norms, highlights the benefits of behaving inclusively and provides concrete behavioral advice. Originality/value The research applies the social marketing approach to a novel domain. This approach represents a new way to advance diversity, equity and inclusion through promoting inclusive and reducing discriminatory behavior.

Midstream social marketing intervention to influence retailers’ compliance with the minimum legal drinking age law

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Kamin ◽  
Daša Kokole
Keyword(s):  
Social Marketing ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Social ◽  
Drinking Age ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Minimum Legal Drinking Age ◽  
Marketing Intervention ◽  
Marketing Approach

Purpose Alcohol availability is strongly related to excessive alcohol consumption. This study aims to examine social marketing’s response to concerns about retailers’ noncompliance with the minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) law by proposing and evaluating a social marketing intervention directed at sellers in off-premise stores. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on a non-randomized quasi-experimental design, focusing on an evaluation of the implementation of the “18 rules!” intervention in four cities in Slovenia. Two waves of underage purchase attempts were conducted pre- and post-intervention in 24 off-premise businesses, following a mystery shopping protocol. Findings The initial rate of retailers’ noncompliance with the MLDA law in off-premise establishments was high. After the social marketing intervention, an increase with compliance with the law was observed; the proportion of cashiers selling alcohol to minors after the intervention decreased from 96 to 67 per cent. Qualitative insight suggests an existence of retailers’ dilemma in complying with the MLDA. Research limitations/implications A social marketing approach could contribute to a better understanding of the social working of the MLDA law. Practical implications A social marketing approach could complement the usual enforcement strategies and contribute to a better understanding of the social working of the MLDA law, and encourage deliberate retailers’ compliance with it while developing valuable exchanges among people and stakeholders. Originality/value The paper conceptualizes retailers’ dilemma in complying with the minimal legal drinking age law and offers social marketing response to it. Results of the study show that also solely non-coercive measures have the potential in increasing retailers’ compliance with regulations.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF MARKETING MIX ON CUNSOMER SATISFACTION AND CUSTOMER LOYALTY ON AQUA PRODUCTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-103
Author(s):  
Primawati Hayuningtyas
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Customer Loyalty ◽  
Marketing Mix ◽  
Water Industry ◽  
Product Price ◽  
Campus Environment ◽  
Bottled Drinking Water ◽  
Place Promotion ◽  
Water Companies ◽  
The Impact

Almost every company in Indonesia carries out a variety of strategies to be competitive. In the Bottled Drinking Water Industry, the result of a research carried out by Mandiri Industry Update (2015) indicated the existence of intense competition, with more than 500 bottled water companies, of which 60% were mostly local players. This should be a concern for Danone Group with the AQUA brand that currently still dominates the market. AQUA must continue to maintain its market share by finding ways to provide satisfying products to costumers in order to encourage loyalty so that AQUA can survive in the competition. This study was chosen based on the researcher's interest in the effect of satisfaction felt by costumers on costumer loyalty to AQUA products. In this case, the Marketing Mix (product, price, place, promotion) forms the factors that lead to costumer satisfaction and loyalty (Wahab et al, 2016). This study was conducted in the campus environment of Airlangga University with as many as 80 students. The results of this study using empirical data indicated that the marketing mix variables consisting of product, price, promotion, place had a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction, and customer satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on costumer loyalty.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Penentu Minat Studi Pada Perguruan Tinggi Swasta dengan Perspektif Marketing Mix

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Valentino Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Marketing Mix ◽  
Price Promotion ◽  
Product Price ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Education Services ◽  
Distribution Study ◽  
The World ◽  
Marketing Mix Strategy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Product Dimension

This research is motivated by the impact of the era of disruption that has an impact on the world of education. Dahani Dahanai College of Economics must also undertake various strategies as one of the institutions engaged in education services. One of these strategies is the Marketing Mix Strategy in marketing the Education services. The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of the Marketing Mix dimensions, namely Product, Price, Promotion, and Distribution carried out by STIE Dahani Dahanai on Study Interest. The sample in this study were students. The results of this study indicate that the dimensions of product, price, and promotion have a significant effect on study interest at STIE Dahani Dahanai, while the distribution dimension does not have a significant effect. The product dimension has the most significant influence on interest in college because it is related to the study program offered by STIE Dahani Dahanai which is a Management Study Program which is quite attractive to students.Keywords: Marketing Mix, Product, Price, Promotion, Distribution, Study Interest.

scholarly journals Upstream Social Marketing for Implementing Mobile Government

Societies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Burksiene ◽  
Jaroslav Dvorak ◽  
Mantas Duda
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Social Marketing ◽  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Marketing Mix ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Product Price ◽  
P Elements ◽  
Physical Evidence ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
Municipal Level

This article analyses the main aspects of upstream social marketing for the implementation of mobile government (MGov). The methodology of current research is based on the systematic literature review in the fields of MGov and social marketing. According to our findings, most researchers investigated MGov from the side of citizens (consumers) and emphasised the benefits to them while changing their attitudes and behaviours in employing mobile applications. However, as there is a lack of research from the side of governmental bodies, in this paper we were looking for new meanings, attitudes and values from their perspective. Limitations of employment of MGov occur due knowledge gap among decision makers and public policy formers (upstream audience). Therefore, we argue that upstream social marketing for the upstream audience would bring success in faster MGov implementation. Specific social marketing would be mostly valuable on the municipal level that is the closest substance to the society. Thus, in our paper, we emphasise the benefit of the MGov for the local upstream audience and propose possible external marketers as well as the motivating theses based on the 7P of marketing mix (consisting of seven P elements: Product, Price, Place or physical evidence, Promotion, Participants or people, Processes, Political power) for the successful MGov on municipal level.

scholarly journals Vichy goes to Brazil: the road to success

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Susana Silva ◽  
Dayane Gôuvea Lima ◽  
Juliana Teixeira Correia
Keyword(s):  
Marketing Strategy ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
International Marketing ◽  
Marketing Mix ◽  
Internationalization Process ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Strategy Adaptation ◽  
Academic Level ◽  
International Marketing Strategy ◽  
The Impact

Learning outcomes The learning outcomes are as follows: analyze the risks and difficulties involved in the internationalization process and the impact of cultural variables (external analysis); understand how the balance between adaptation and standardization can be worked out in building a successful international marketing strategy (adaptation vs standardization dilemma); and analyze how a restructuring of marketing mix variables can shape an assertive and effective repositioning strategy (marketing-mix program). Case overview/synopsis The case of Vichy presents a specific internationalization process, from a European brand in a growing segment, to Brazil, a country with extreme cultural diversity where the barriers to internationalization are large and complex. The case can be analyzed from the point of view of brand repositioning, as it discusses the strategies adopted by the brand during entry into the Brazilian market, and its subsequent repositioning, bearing in mind a better adaptation to the market in question. The goal is to encourage discussions about how cultural barriers can influence the internationalization process of a brand and how the balance between adaptation and standardization can be worked out in building an assertive and effective international marketing strategy. Complexity academic level Master students. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email [email protected] to request teaching notes. Subject code CSS 8: Marketing.

Internationalization of industrial small-medium enterprises in an emerging country

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Enrique Ibarra-Morales ◽  
Monica Blanco-Jimenez ◽  
Beatriz Alejandra Hurtado-Bringas
Keyword(s):  
Export Performance ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Product Price ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Emerging Country ◽  
Small Medium Enterprises ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
Installed Capacity ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to boost the internationalization of companies by implementing key factors that will help them to increase their exports in a context of an emerging country such as Mexico, where very few small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) achieve internationalization. Design/methodology/approach According to different theories on the internationalization of companies, five independent variables were designed to measure their effect on the export performance using a multiple regression model on a sample of 95 Mexican industrial SMEs. In this context, the objective of this study is to investigate the impact of the product price, product quality, installed capacity, innovation capacity and financial capacity on the export performance of SMEs; and to identify the factors that are more significant. Findings The results indicate that innovation has a positive relationship, while the price of the product has a negative relationship with the internationalization of small- and medium-sized enterprises, showing that there is a possibility of overemphasizing the role of both variables in export performance of SMEs, at least in the Mexican context. The rest of the variables were not statistically significant to the generated model, perhaps because they are implicitly considered at the time of exporting and entering international markets. Originality/value These results will help companies to focus their efforts on obtaining resources to maintain and expand exports and find new opportunities in foreign markets to grow. They also show that companies can implement different types of internationalization strategies with the study’s variables to achieve better performance.

Long live the marketing mix. Testing the effectiveness of the commercial marketing mix in a social marketing context

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-375
Author(s):  
Ville Lahtinen ◽  
Timo Dietrich ◽  
Sharyn Rundle-Thiele
Keyword(s):  
Social Marketing ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Marketing Mix ◽  
Life Questionnaire ◽  
Content Type ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
And Control

Purpose The marketing mix has been extensively criticised by scholars and practitioners, which has led marketing scholars to redefine the original 4P concept, expand the 4Ps with additional Ps and develop new concepts to replace the marketing mix. However, there is very limited empirical testing assessing the effectiveness of the original marketing mix (4Ps). Design/methodology/approach This research applies a field experiment to assess whether the application of a full marketing mix (4P) is more effective than a promotion only campaign (1P) when aiming to increase fruit and vegetable (FV) intake of 6–13-year-old Finnish children. A total of 15 schools were randomly assigned to 4P, 1P and control settings. Data was collected from schoolchildren using the Day in the Life Questionnaire. Findings A repeated measures analysis involving 1,076 children demonstrated that a full application of the marketing mix (4P) is more effective than a promotion only (1P) campaign in increasing FV intake within children. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first empirical test of the effectiveness of the commercial marketing mix against a promotion only strategy in social marketing.

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