Performance attributes relevant to thermal wear comfort of hip protective garment: influence of comprising pad materials, pad thickness, pad area, and pocket fabric structure

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiah Wardiningsih ◽  
Olga Troynikov
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
Permeability Index ◽  
Evaporative Resistance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fabric Structure ◽  
Wear Comfort ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Thermal Wear ◽  
Dry Thermal Resistance ◽  
Protective Garment

PurposeThis study aimed to evaluate the performance attributes relevant to thermal wear comfort of the commercially available hip protective pads and materials intended for impact protection that can be used for the hip protective pad.Design/methodology/approachThe performance attributes relevant to thermal wear comfort (i.e. dry thermal resistance and evaporative resistance) of the pads were tested using MTNW Integrated Sweating Guarded Hotplate (iSGHP).FindingsIt was found that: the pad with more porous structure has more advantages in terms of evaporative resistance; the permeability index will be higher on the pad with an opening such as a segmented pad; the permeability index will be lower on the thicker and larger pad. The pocket fabric with open structure will have lower dry thermal resistance and evaporative resistance.Originality/valueThe study results showed that the properties of the utilised materials influenced thermal comfort performance. These results could be useful for designing and engineering hip protective garments.

Energy absorption and thermal comfort of segmented pad for hip protective garment

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 564-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiah Wardiningsih ◽  
Olga Troynikov
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Evaporative Resistance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wear Comfort ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Dry Thermal Resistance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Resistance Value

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence and relationship of segment area and opening area in segmented protective pad in comparison to non-segmented pad to the energy absorption and performance attributes relevant to thermophysiological wear comfort. Design/methodology/approach The compressive stress-strain curves were obtained using Instron Tester and were used to analyse the energy absorption of the pads and the segmented pad assemblies. The dry thermal resistance and evaporative resistance of the non-segmented and segmented protective pads were obtained using MTNW Sweating Guarded Hot Plate. Findings The compression test results and performance attributes relevant to thermophysiological wear comfort test result demonstrated that the area segment and opening area of segmented pad influenced their energy absorption value, dry thermal resistance value and evaporative resistance value (permeability index value). Originality/value The results are expected to be useful for design and engineering of hip impact protective garments. Hip impact protective pads are used to prevent hip fractures in elderly people as a result of fall.

scholarly journals An evaluation of force attenuation, comfort properties and density of materials for hip protective pads

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 155892501985395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiah Wardiningsih ◽  
Olga Troynikov
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Women ◽  
Interface Pressure ◽  
Plate Interface ◽  
Evaporative Resistance ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Nonwoven Fabrics ◽  
Wear Comfort ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Spacer Fabrics ◽  
Dry Thermal Resistance

We evaluated 15 materials for their effectiveness as hip protective pads for elderly women, including several materials used in commercially available pads and novel materials. The materials’ densities were measured, and they were tested for force attenuation (relevant to protection), permeability index (relevant to thermophysiological wear comfort) and interface pressure delivery (relevant to pressure comfort). Force attenuation values were obtained in drop impact tests. Permeability data were obtained from the dry thermal resistance and evaporative resistance of the pads tested using a sweating guarded hot plate. Interface pressure delivery values were acquired using a Salzmann pressure-measuring device MST MK IV. Experimental pads were graded, rated and ranked on their overall performance using weights applied to the four parameters. Vertically lapped nonwoven fabrics and treated knitted spacer fabrics were highly ranked and could be used as material for hip protective pads.

Effects of hip protective clothing on thermal wear comfort of clothing ensembles

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiah Wardiningsih ◽  
Olga Troynikov
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Protective Clothing ◽  
Thermal Manikin ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wear Comfort ◽  
Ensemble Performance ◽  
Clothing Style ◽  
Thermal Wear ◽  
Moisture Vapour

Purpose This paper aims to examine the influence of hip protective clothing on ensemble performance attributes related to thermal comfort. It also explores the effect on protective pads of various materials and the arrangements of material. The thermal comfort characteristics are thermal insulation and moisture vapour resistance. Design/methodology/approach For this research, four ensembles of clothing were used: one ensemble without hip protective clothing and three ensembles with hip protective clothing. A thermal manikin was used to test the thermal insulation and moisture vapour resistance of the ensembles. Findings The findings revealed that incorporating hip protective clothing into the clothing ensembles influenced the thermal resistance and moisture vapour resistance of the ensemble. In the “all zones group,” the influence of the hip protective clothing depended on clothing style, with hipster-style clothing producing insignificant changes. In the “hip zones group” and “stomach and hip zones group,” hip protective clothing strongly influenced the thermal comfort attributes of ensembles. Pad material and volume play important roles in these changes in thermal comfort attributes. Originality/value These outcomes are useful for the design and engineering of hip protective clothing, where maximizing protection while minimizing thermal and moisture vapour resistance is critical for wear comfort and adherence in warm or hot conditions. The designer should consider that material, volume and thickness of protective pad affect the overall thermal comfort attributes of the hip protective clothing.

A new method to assess the influence of textiles properties on human thermophysiology. Part I

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Annaheim ◽  
Li-chu Wang ◽  
Agnieszka Psikuta ◽  
Matthew Patrick Morrissey ◽  
Martin Alois Camenzind ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
Method Comparison ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
High Thermal Resistance ◽  
Dry Thermal Resistance ◽  
Method Comparison Study

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine the validity and inter-/intra-laboratory repeatability of the first part of a novel, three-phase experimental procedure using a sweating Torso device. Design/methodology/approach – Results from a method comparison study (comparison with the industry-standard sweating guarded hotplate method) and an inter-laboratory comparison study are presented. Findings – A high correlation was observed for thermal resistance in the method comparison study (r=0.97, p<0.01) as well as in the inter-laboratory comparison study (r=0.99, p<0.01). Research limitations/implications – The authors conclude that the first phase of the standardised procedure for the sweating Torso provides reliable data for the determination of the dry thermal resistance of single and multi-layer textiles, and is therefore suitable as standard method to be used by different laboratories with this type of device. Further work is required to validate the applicability of the method for textiles with high thermal resistance. Originality/value – This study provides the first “round-robin” data for measuring thermal resistance using a Torso device. In future publications the authors will provide similar data examining the repeatability of measurements that quantify combined heat and mass transfer.

Effect of non-uniform skin of “Walter” on the evaporative resistance and thermal insulation of clothing

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 686-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunlong Shi ◽  
Liang Wang ◽  
Xiaoming Qian
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Relative Intensity ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Thermal Manikin ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Permeability Index ◽  
Evaporative Resistance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Being There

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to compare the evaporative resistance and thermal insulation of clothing measured by thermal manikin “Walter” using uniform and non-uniform skin. Design/methodology/approach The non-uniform skin with different perspiration rates was made by laminating a silicone layer on the inner side of a uniform skin. The thermal manikin was then covered with prepared non-uniform skin as well as uniform one. Four types of clothing ensembles were tested. Findings The relative intensity of perspiration rate was realized in different part of “Walter” skin, which was close to the perspiration rate of human being. There was a strong correlation between uniform skin and non-uniform skin. The thermal insulation and evaporative resistance of clothing measured on the non-uniform skin were higher than the ones determined on the uniform skin. However, their moisture permeability index showed the reversed tendency. Research limitations/implications The implication of the research is to investigate the differences between uniform skin and non-uniform skin for manikin “Walter.” This is possibly useful in correcting and predicting more accurate thermal insulation and evaporative resistance of clothing measured by “Walter” with a uniform skin in future. Originality/value It was more accurate using non-uniform skin in evaluating thermal and wet comfort comparing to uniform skin.

Thermal Behaviors of Passively-Cooled Hybrid Fin Heat Sinks for Lightweight and High Performance Thermal Management

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nico Setiawan Effendi ◽  
Kyoung Joon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
Heat Sink ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Heat Sinks ◽  
Channel Diameter ◽  
Internal Channel ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Parametric Effects

A computational study is conducted to explore thermal performances of natural convection hybrid fin heat sinks (HF HSs). The proposed HF HSs are a hollow hybrid fin heat sink (HHF HS) and a solid hybrid fin heat sink (SHF HS). Parametric effects such as a fin spacing, an internal channel diameter, a heat dissipation on the performance of HF HSs are investigated by CFD analysis. Study results show that the thermal resistance of the HS increases while the mass-multiplied thermal resistance of the HS decreases associated with the increase of the channel diameter. The results also shows the thermal resistance of the SHF HS is 13% smaller, and the mass-multiplied thermal resistance of the HHF HS is 32% smaller compared with the pin fin heat sink (PF HS). These interesting results are mainly due to integrated effects of the mass-reduction, the surface area enhancement, and the heat pumping via the internal channel. Such better performances of HF HSs show the feasibility of alternatives to the conventional PF HS especially for passive cooling of LED lighting modules.

Do information technology (IT) capabilities affect hotel competitiveness?

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-460
Author(s):  
Nan Hua
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Financial Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
It Systems ◽  
Study Results ◽  
It Capabilities ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Lagged Effects ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Direct Measures

Purpose This paper aims to examine the impacts of IT capabilities on hotel competitiveness. Design/methodology/approach This study adapts and extends Hua et al. (2015) and O’Neill et al. (2008) by incorporating the specific measures of IT expenditures as proxies for the relevant IT capabilities to explore the impacts of IT capabilities on hotel competitiveness. Findings This study finds that expenditures on IT Labor, IT Systems and IT Websites exert different impacts on hotel competitiveness. In addition, IT capabilities exert both contemporary and lagged effects on hotel competitiveness. Originality/value This study is the first that uses financial data to capture direct measures of individual IT capabilities and tests the individual impacts of IT capabilities on hotel competitiveness from both contemporaneous and lagged perspectives. It uses a large same store sample of hotels in the USA from 2011 to 2017; as a result, the study results can be reasonably representative of the hotel population in the USA.

A novel technique for modeling friction behavior in knitted fabric simulation

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 776-792
Author(s):  
Vajiha Mozafary ◽  
Pedram Payvandy
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Uniform Distribution ◽  
Friction Force ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Knitted Fabric ◽  
Friction Behavior ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Novel Technique ◽  
Fabric Structure ◽  
Fabric Surface

Purpose Fabric-object friction force is a fundamental factor in cloth simulation. A large number of parameters influence the frictional properties of fabrics such as fabric structure, yarn structure, and inherent properties of component fibers. The purpose of this paper is to propose a novel technique for modeling fabric-object friction force in knitted fabric simulation based on the mass spring model. Design/methodology/approach In this technique, unlike other studies, distribution of friction coefficient over the fabric surface is not uniform and depends on the fabric structure. The main reason for considering non-uniform distribution is that in various segments of fabric, contact percent of fabric-object is different. Findings The proposed technique and common methods based on friction coefficient uniform distribution are used to simulate the frictional behavior of knitted fabrics. The results show that simulation error values for proposed technique and common methods are 2.7 and 9.4 percent as compared with the experimental result, respectively. Originality/value In the existing methods of the friction force modeling, the friction coefficient of fabric is assumed uniform. But this assumption is not correct because fabric does not have an isotropic structure. Thus in this study, the friction coefficient distribution is considered based on fabric structure to achieve more of realistic simulations.

Exploring privacy and trust for employee monitoring

2015 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuchih Ernest Chang ◽  
Anne Yenching Liu ◽  
Sungmin Lin
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Employee Monitoring ◽  
Communication Privacy ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to evaluate privacy boundaries and explores employees’ reactions in employee monitoring. Design/methodology/approach – The research used the metaphor of boundary turbulence in the Communication Privacy Management (CPM) theory to demonstrate the psychological effect on employees. The model comprised organizational culture, CPM, trust, and employee performance in employee monitoring to further investigated the influence exerted by organizational culture and how employees viewed their trust within the organization when implementing employee monitoring. Variables were measured empirically by administrating questionnaires to full-time employees in organizations that currently practice employee monitoring. Findings – The findings showed that a control-oriented organizational culture raised communication privacy turbulence in CPM. The communication privacy turbulence in CPM mostly had negative effects on trust in employee monitoring policy, but not on trust in employee monitoring members. Both trust in employee monitoring policy and trust in employee monitoring members had positive effects on employee commitment and compliance to employee monitoring. Research limitations/implications – This research applied the CPM theory in workplace privacy to explore the relationship between employees’ privacy and trust. The results provide insights of why employees feel psychological resistance when they are forced to accept the practice of employee monitoring. In addition, this study explored the relationship between CPM and trust, and offer support and verification to prior studies. Practical implications – For practitioners, the findings help organizations to improve the performance of their employees and to design a more effective environment for employee monitoring. Originality/value – A research model was proposed to study the impacts of CPM on employee monitoring, after a broad survey on related researches. The validated model and its corresponding study results can be referenced by organization managers and decision makers to make favorable tactics for achieving their goals of implementing employee monitoring.

Sustainable international tourist hotels: the role of the executive chef

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 1873-1891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tung-Hsuan Wan ◽  
Yun-Shu Hsu ◽  
Jehn-Yih Wong ◽  
Shin-Hao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Delphi Method ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Competency Framework ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Modified Delphi ◽  
International Tourist ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Critical Competencies ◽  
And Training ◽  
Behavioral Event

Purpose Human capital is the most important determinant of the Hospitality industry’s success. Executive chefs should be skilled in both management and culinary arts, in addition to ensuring the success of the entire hospitality division. The study aims to understand the competencies of executive chefs in international tourist hotels in Taiwan. Design/methodology/approach Literature review and behavioral event interviews were conducted with ten executive chefs and executive sous chefs. The modified Delphi method verified the results using 15 experts. Findings A competency framework was created, with four quadrants – managerial, operational, behaviors and skills – to classify executive chefs’ competencies. Each competency was further divided into sub-competencies – culinary research, emotional control, negotiation skills, job guidance and proactive thinking ability – for 25 items. Quadrants I and II are hard competencies that can be improved through education and training, whereas the third and fourth are soft competencies that require more time for development in workers. Practical implications The two-step study developed a competency framework with a practical reference value. The study results could be utilized by human resources managers during their companies’ training, recruitment, selection and promotion. Originality/value Besides the Delphi method, a deep behavioral event interview that enabled determining critical competencies was also used to collect data. The results obtained could be used to structure schools’ curricula. Collaborations between the hospitality industry and schools could help develop better curricula and training plans to maximize the availability of educational resources.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document